local.go

/*
   Copyright The containerd Authors.

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
*/

package tasks

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"time"

	api "github.com/containerd/containerd/api/services/tasks/v1"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/api/types"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/api/types/task"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/archive"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/containers"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/content"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/errdefs"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/events"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/filters"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/images"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/log"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/metadata"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/mount"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/pkg/timeout"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/plugin"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/runtime"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/runtime/linux/runctypes"
	v2 "github.com/containerd/containerd/runtime/v2"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/runtime/v2/runc/options"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/services"
	"github.com/containerd/typeurl"
	ptypes "github.com/gogo/protobuf/types"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

var (
	_     = (api.TasksClient)(&local{})
	empty = &ptypes.Empty{}
)

const (
	stateTimeout = "io.containerd.timeout.task.state"
)

func init() {
	plugin.Register(&plugin.Registration{
		Type:     plugin.ServicePlugin,
		ID:       services.TasksService,
		Requires: tasksServiceRequires,
		InitFn:   initFunc,
	})

	timeout.Set(stateTimeout, 2*time.Second)
}

func initFunc(ic *plugin.InitContext) (interface{}, error) {
	runtimes, err := loadV1Runtimes(ic)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	v2r, err := ic.Get(plugin.RuntimePluginV2)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	m, err := ic.Get(plugin.MetadataPlugin)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	monitor, err := ic.Get(plugin.TaskMonitorPlugin)
	if err != nil {
		if !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
			return nil, err
		}
		monitor = runtime.NewNoopMonitor()
	}

	db := m.(*metadata.DB)
	l := &local{
		runtimes:   runtimes,
		containers: metadata.NewContainerStore(db),
		store:      db.ContentStore(),
		publisher:  ic.Events,
		monitor:    monitor.(runtime.TaskMonitor),
		v2Runtime:  v2r.(*v2.TaskManager),
	}
	for _, r := range runtimes {
		tasks, err := r.Tasks(ic.Context, true)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		for _, t := range tasks {
			l.monitor.Monitor(t)
		}
	}
	v2Tasks, err := l.v2Runtime.Tasks(ic.Context, true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, t := range v2Tasks {
		l.monitor.Monitor(t)
	}
	return l, nil
}

type local struct {
	runtimes   map[string]runtime.PlatformRuntime
	containers containers.Store
	store      content.Store
	publisher  events.Publisher

	monitor   runtime.TaskMonitor
	v2Runtime *v2.TaskManager
}

func (l *local) Create(ctx context.Context, r *api.CreateTaskRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.CreateTaskResponse, error) {
	container, err := l.getContainer(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	checkpointPath, err := getRestorePath(container.Runtime.Name, r.Options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// jump get checkpointPath from checkpoint image
	if checkpointPath != "" && r.Checkpoint != nil {
		checkpointPath, err = ioutil.TempDir(os.Getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"), "ctrd-checkpoint")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if r.Checkpoint.MediaType != images.MediaTypeContainerd1Checkpoint {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported checkpoint type %q", r.Checkpoint.MediaType)
		}
		reader, err := l.store.ReaderAt(ctx, ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType:   r.Checkpoint.MediaType,
			Digest:      r.Checkpoint.Digest,
			Size:        r.Checkpoint.Size_,
			Annotations: r.Checkpoint.Annotations,
		})
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		_, err = archive.Apply(ctx, checkpointPath, content.NewReader(reader))
		reader.Close()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	opts := runtime.CreateOpts{
		Spec: container.Spec,
		IO: runtime.IO{
			Stdin:    r.Stdin,
			Stdout:   r.Stdout,
			Stderr:   r.Stderr,
			Terminal: r.Terminal,
		},
		Checkpoint:     checkpointPath,
		Runtime:        container.Runtime.Name,
		RuntimeOptions: container.Runtime.Options,
		TaskOptions:    r.Options,
	}
	for _, m := range r.Rootfs {
		opts.Rootfs = append(opts.Rootfs, mount.Mount{
			Type:    m.Type,
			Source:  m.Source,
			Options: m.Options,
		})
	}
	if strings.HasPrefix(container.Runtime.Name, "io.containerd.runtime.v1.") {
		log.G(ctx).Warn("runtime v1 is deprecated since containerd v1.4, consider using runtime v2")
	} else if container.Runtime.Name == plugin.RuntimeRuncV1 {
		log.G(ctx).Warnf("%q is deprecated since containerd v1.4, consider using %q", plugin.RuntimeRuncV1, plugin.RuntimeRuncV2)
	}
	rtime, err := l.getRuntime(container.Runtime.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	_, err = rtime.Get(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil && err != runtime.ErrTaskNotExists {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	if err == nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(fmt.Errorf("task %s already exists", r.ContainerID))
	}
	c, err := rtime.Create(ctx, r.ContainerID, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	if err := l.monitor.Monitor(c); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "monitor task")
	}
	return &api.CreateTaskResponse{
		ContainerID: r.ContainerID,
		Pid:         c.PID(),
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) Start(ctx context.Context, r *api.StartRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.StartResponse, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := runtime.Process(t)
	if r.ExecID != "" {
		if p, err = t.Process(ctx, r.ExecID); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	if err := p.Start(ctx); err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	state, err := p.State(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &api.StartResponse{
		Pid: state.Pid,
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) Delete(ctx context.Context, r *api.DeleteTaskRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.DeleteResponse, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := l.monitor.Stop(t); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	exit, err := t.Delete(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &api.DeleteResponse{
		ExitStatus: exit.Status,
		ExitedAt:   exit.Timestamp,
		Pid:        exit.Pid,
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) DeleteProcess(ctx context.Context, r *api.DeleteProcessRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.DeleteResponse, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	process, err := t.Process(ctx, r.ExecID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	exit, err := process.Delete(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &api.DeleteResponse{
		ID:         r.ExecID,
		ExitStatus: exit.Status,
		ExitedAt:   exit.Timestamp,
		Pid:        exit.Pid,
	}, nil
}

func getProcessState(ctx context.Context, p runtime.Process) (*task.Process, error) {
	ctx, cancel := timeout.WithContext(ctx, stateTimeout)
	defer cancel()

	state, err := p.State(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
			return nil, err
		}
		log.G(ctx).WithError(err).Errorf("get state for %s", p.ID())
	}
	status := task.StatusUnknown
	switch state.Status {
	case runtime.CreatedStatus:
		status = task.StatusCreated
	case runtime.RunningStatus:
		status = task.StatusRunning
	case runtime.StoppedStatus:
		status = task.StatusStopped
	case runtime.PausedStatus:
		status = task.StatusPaused
	case runtime.PausingStatus:
		status = task.StatusPausing
	default:
		log.G(ctx).WithField("status", state.Status).Warn("unknown status")
	}
	return &task.Process{
		ID:         p.ID(),
		Pid:        state.Pid,
		Status:     status,
		Stdin:      state.Stdin,
		Stdout:     state.Stdout,
		Stderr:     state.Stderr,
		Terminal:   state.Terminal,
		ExitStatus: state.ExitStatus,
		ExitedAt:   state.ExitedAt,
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) Get(ctx context.Context, r *api.GetRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.GetResponse, error) {
	task, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := runtime.Process(task)
	if r.ExecID != "" {
		if p, err = task.Process(ctx, r.ExecID); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	t, err := getProcessState(ctx, p)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &api.GetResponse{
		Process: t,
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) List(ctx context.Context, r *api.ListTasksRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.ListTasksResponse, error) {
	resp := &api.ListTasksResponse{}
	for _, r := range l.allRuntimes() {
		tasks, err := r.Tasks(ctx, false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
		addTasks(ctx, resp, tasks)
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func addTasks(ctx context.Context, r *api.ListTasksResponse, tasks []runtime.Task) {
	for _, t := range tasks {
		tt, err := getProcessState(ctx, t)
		if err != nil {
			if !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) { // handle race with deletion
				log.G(ctx).WithError(err).WithField("id", t.ID()).Error("converting task to protobuf")
			}
			continue
		}
		r.Tasks = append(r.Tasks, tt)
	}
}

func (l *local) Pause(ctx context.Context, r *api.PauseTaskRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	err = t.Pause(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) Resume(ctx context.Context, r *api.ResumeTaskRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	err = t.Resume(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) Kill(ctx context.Context, r *api.KillRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := runtime.Process(t)
	if r.ExecID != "" {
		if p, err = t.Process(ctx, r.ExecID); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	if err := p.Kill(ctx, r.Signal, r.All); err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) ListPids(ctx context.Context, r *api.ListPidsRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.ListPidsResponse, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	processList, err := t.Pids(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	var processes []*task.ProcessInfo
	for _, p := range processList {
		pInfo := task.ProcessInfo{
			Pid: p.Pid,
		}
		if p.Info != nil {
			a, err := typeurl.MarshalAny(p.Info)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to marshal process %d info", p.Pid)
			}
			pInfo.Info = a
		}
		processes = append(processes, &pInfo)
	}
	return &api.ListPidsResponse{
		Processes: processes,
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) Exec(ctx context.Context, r *api.ExecProcessRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	if r.ExecID == "" {
		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "exec id cannot be empty")
	}
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if _, err := t.Exec(ctx, r.ExecID, runtime.ExecOpts{
		Spec: r.Spec,
		IO: runtime.IO{
			Stdin:    r.Stdin,
			Stdout:   r.Stdout,
			Stderr:   r.Stderr,
			Terminal: r.Terminal,
		},
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) ResizePty(ctx context.Context, r *api.ResizePtyRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := runtime.Process(t)
	if r.ExecID != "" {
		if p, err = t.Process(ctx, r.ExecID); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	if err := p.ResizePty(ctx, runtime.ConsoleSize{
		Width:  r.Width,
		Height: r.Height,
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) CloseIO(ctx context.Context, r *api.CloseIORequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := runtime.Process(t)
	if r.ExecID != "" {
		if p, err = t.Process(ctx, r.ExecID); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	if r.Stdin {
		if err := p.CloseIO(ctx); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *api.CheckpointTaskRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.CheckpointTaskResponse, error) {
	container, err := l.getContainer(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	t, err := l.getTaskFromContainer(ctx, container)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	image, err := getCheckpointPath(container.Runtime.Name, r.Options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	checkpointImageExists := false
	if image == "" {
		checkpointImageExists = true
		image, err = ioutil.TempDir(os.Getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"), "ctd-checkpoint")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
		defer os.RemoveAll(image)
	}
	if err := t.Checkpoint(ctx, image, r.Options); err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	// do not commit checkpoint image if checkpoint ImagePath is passed,
	// return if checkpointImageExists is false
	if !checkpointImageExists {
		return &api.CheckpointTaskResponse{}, nil
	}
	// write checkpoint to the content store
	tar := archive.Diff(ctx, "", image)
	cp, err := l.writeContent(ctx, images.MediaTypeContainerd1Checkpoint, image, tar)
	// close tar first after write
	if err := tar.Close(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// write the config to the content store
	data, err := container.Spec.Marshal()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	spec := bytes.NewReader(data)
	specD, err := l.writeContent(ctx, images.MediaTypeContainerd1CheckpointConfig, filepath.Join(image, "spec"), spec)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &api.CheckpointTaskResponse{
		Descriptors: []*types.Descriptor{
			cp,
			specD,
		},
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) Update(ctx context.Context, r *api.UpdateTaskRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*ptypes.Empty, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := t.Update(ctx, r.Resources); err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return empty, nil
}

func (l *local) Metrics(ctx context.Context, r *api.MetricsRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.MetricsResponse, error) {
	filter, err := filters.ParseAll(r.Filters...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var resp api.MetricsResponse
	for _, r := range l.allRuntimes() {
		tasks, err := r.Tasks(ctx, false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		getTasksMetrics(ctx, filter, tasks, &resp)
	}
	return &resp, nil
}

func (l *local) Wait(ctx context.Context, r *api.WaitRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*api.WaitResponse, error) {
	t, err := l.getTask(ctx, r.ContainerID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := runtime.Process(t)
	if r.ExecID != "" {
		if p, err = t.Process(ctx, r.ExecID); err != nil {
			return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
		}
	}
	exit, err := p.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &api.WaitResponse{
		ExitStatus: exit.Status,
		ExitedAt:   exit.Timestamp,
	}, nil
}

func getTasksMetrics(ctx context.Context, filter filters.Filter, tasks []runtime.Task, r *api.MetricsResponse) {
	for _, tk := range tasks {
		if !filter.Match(filters.AdapterFunc(func(fieldpath []string) (string, bool) {
			t := tk
			switch fieldpath[0] {
			case "id":
				return t.ID(), true
			case "namespace":
				return t.Namespace(), true
			case "runtime":
				// return t.Info().Runtime, true
			}
			return "", false
		})) {
			continue
		}
		collected := time.Now()
		stats, err := tk.Stats(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			if !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
				log.G(ctx).WithError(err).Errorf("collecting metrics for %s", tk.ID())
			}
			continue
		}
		r.Metrics = append(r.Metrics, &types.Metric{
			Timestamp: collected,
			ID:        tk.ID(),
			Data:      stats,
		})
	}
}

func (l *local) writeContent(ctx context.Context, mediaType, ref string, r io.Reader) (*types.Descriptor, error) {
	writer, err := l.store.Writer(ctx, content.WithRef(ref), content.WithDescriptor(ocispec.Descriptor{MediaType: mediaType}))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer writer.Close()
	size, err := io.Copy(writer, r)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := writer.Commit(ctx, 0, ""); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &types.Descriptor{
		MediaType:   mediaType,
		Digest:      writer.Digest(),
		Size_:       size,
		Annotations: make(map[string]string),
	}, nil
}

func (l *local) getContainer(ctx context.Context, id string) (*containers.Container, error) {
	var container containers.Container
	container, err := l.containers.Get(ctx, id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPC(err)
	}
	return &container, nil
}

func (l *local) getTask(ctx context.Context, id string) (runtime.Task, error) {
	container, err := l.getContainer(ctx, id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return l.getTaskFromContainer(ctx, container)
}

func (l *local) getTaskFromContainer(ctx context.Context, container *containers.Container) (runtime.Task, error) {
	runtime, err := l.getRuntime(container.Runtime.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errdefs.ToGRPCf(err, "runtime for task %s", container.Runtime.Name)
	}
	t, err := runtime.Get(ctx, container.ID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, "task %v not found", container.ID)
	}
	return t, nil
}

func (l *local) getRuntime(name string) (runtime.PlatformRuntime, error) {
	runtime, ok := l.runtimes[name]
	if !ok {
		// one runtime to rule them all
		return l.v2Runtime, nil
	}
	return runtime, nil
}

func (l *local) allRuntimes() (o []runtime.PlatformRuntime) {
	for _, r := range l.runtimes {
		o = append(o, r)
	}
	o = append(o, l.v2Runtime)
	return o
}

// getCheckpointPath only suitable for runc runtime now
func getCheckpointPath(runtime string, option *ptypes.Any) (string, error) {
	if option == nil {
		return "", nil
	}

	var checkpointPath string
	switch {
	case checkRuntime(runtime, "io.containerd.runc"):
		v, err := typeurl.UnmarshalAny(option)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		opts, ok := v.(*options.CheckpointOptions)
		if !ok {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid task checkpoint option for %s", runtime)
		}
		checkpointPath = opts.ImagePath

	case runtime == plugin.RuntimeLinuxV1:
		v, err := typeurl.UnmarshalAny(option)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		opts, ok := v.(*runctypes.CheckpointOptions)
		if !ok {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid task checkpoint option for %s", runtime)
		}
		checkpointPath = opts.ImagePath
	}

	return checkpointPath, nil
}

// getRestorePath only suitable for runc runtime now
func getRestorePath(runtime string, option *ptypes.Any) (string, error) {
	if option == nil {
		return "", nil
	}

	var restorePath string
	switch {
	case checkRuntime(runtime, "io.containerd.runc"):
		v, err := typeurl.UnmarshalAny(option)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		opts, ok := v.(*options.Options)
		if !ok {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid task create option for %s", runtime)
		}
		restorePath = opts.CriuImagePath
	case runtime == plugin.RuntimeLinuxV1:
		v, err := typeurl.UnmarshalAny(option)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		opts, ok := v.(*runctypes.CreateOptions)
		if !ok {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid task create option for %s", runtime)
		}
		restorePath = opts.CriuImagePath
	}

	return restorePath, nil
}

// checkRuntime returns true if the current runtime matches the expected
// runtime. Providing various parts of the runtime schema will match those
// parts of the expected runtime
func checkRuntime(current, expected string) bool {
	cp := strings.Split(current, ".")
	l := len(cp)
	for i, p := range strings.Split(expected, ".") {
		if i > l {
			return false
		}
		if p != cp[i] {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}