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Merge pull request #370 from lbl-srg/issue369_Movers
Issue369 movers. This closes #369
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/efficiency.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| function efficiency "Flow vs. efficiency characteristics for fan or pump" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Function; | ||
| input Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.efficiencyParameters per | ||
| "Efficiency performance data"; | ||
| input Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow "Volumetric flow rate"; | ||
| input Real d[:] "Derivatives at support points for spline interpolation"; | ||
| input Real r_N(unit="1") "Relative revolution, r_N=N/N_nominal"; | ||
| input Real delta "Small value for switching implementation around zero rpm"; | ||
| output Real eta(min=0, unit="1") "Efficiency"; | ||
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| protected | ||
| Integer n = size(per.V_flow, 1) "Number of data points"; | ||
| Real rat "Ratio of V_flow/r_N"; | ||
| Integer i "Integer to select data interval"; | ||
| algorithm | ||
| if n == 1 then | ||
| eta := per.eta[1]; | ||
| else | ||
| // The use of the max function to avoids problems for low speeds | ||
| // and turned off pumps | ||
| rat:=V_flow/ | ||
| Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.smoothMax( | ||
| x1=r_N, | ||
| x2=0.1, | ||
| deltaX=delta); | ||
| i :=1; | ||
| for j in 1:n-1 loop | ||
| if rat > per.V_flow[j] then | ||
| i := j; | ||
| end if; | ||
| end for; | ||
| // Extrapolate or interpolate the data | ||
| eta:=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.cubicHermiteLinearExtrapolation( | ||
| x=rat, | ||
| x1=per.V_flow[i], | ||
| x2=per.V_flow[i + 1], | ||
| y1=per.eta[i], | ||
| y2=per.eta[i + 1], | ||
| y1d=d[i], | ||
| y2d=d[i+1]); | ||
| end if; | ||
|
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| annotation(smoothOrder=1, | ||
| Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| This function computes the fan or pump efficiency for given normalized volume flow rate | ||
| and performance data. The efficiency is | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\"> | ||
| η = s(V̇/r<sub>N</sub>, d), | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| where | ||
| <i>η</i> is the efficiency, | ||
| <i>r<sub>N</sub></i> is the normalized fan speed, | ||
| <i>V̇</i> is the volume flow rate, and | ||
| <i>d</i> are performance data for fan or pump efficiency. | ||
| </p> | ||
| <h4>Implementation</h4> | ||
| <p> | ||
| The function <i>s(·, ·)</i> is a cubic hermite spline. | ||
| If the data <i>d</i> define a monotone decreasing sequence, then | ||
| <i>s(·, d)</i> is a monotone decreasing function. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| November 22, 2014, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| Corrected documentation as curve uses <i>V̇</i> | ||
| as an independent variable. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 30, 2014, by Filip Jorissen:<br/> | ||
| Changed polynomial to be evaluated at <code>V_flow</code> | ||
| instead of <code>r_V</code>. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| April 19, 2014, by Filip Jorissen:<br/> | ||
| Changed polynomial to be evaluated at <code>r_V/r_N</code> | ||
| instead of <code>r_V</code> to properly account for the | ||
| scaling law. See | ||
| <a href=\"https://github.com/lbl-srg/modelica-buildings/pull/202\">#202</a> | ||
| for a discussion and validation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 28, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>"), smoothOrder=1); | ||
| end efficiency; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/efficiencyParameters.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| record efficiencyParameters "Record for efficiency parameters" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Record; | ||
| parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow[:]( | ||
| each min=0) "Volumetric flow rate at user-selected operating points"; | ||
| parameter Real eta[size(V_flow,1)]( | ||
| each min=0, | ||
| each max=1, | ||
| each displayUnit="1") "Fan or pump efficiency at these flow rates"; | ||
| annotation (Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| Data record for performance data that describe volume flow rate versus | ||
| efficiency. | ||
| The volume flow rate <code>r_V</code> must be increasing, i.e., | ||
| <code>r_V[i] < r_V[i+1]</code>. | ||
| Both vectors, <code>r_V</code> and <code>eta</code> | ||
| must have the same size. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 28, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>")); | ||
| end efficiencyParameters; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/flowApproximationAtOrigin.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| function flowApproximationAtOrigin | ||
| "Approximation for fan or pump pressure raise at origin" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Function; | ||
| input Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow "Volumetric flow rate"; | ||
| input Real r_N(unit="1") "Relative revolution, r_N=N/N_nominal"; | ||
| input Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate VDelta_flow "Small volume flow rate"; | ||
| input Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dpDelta "Small pressure"; | ||
| input Real delta "Small value used to transition to other fan curve"; | ||
| input Real cBar[2] | ||
| "Coefficients for linear approximation of pressure vs. flow rate"; | ||
| output Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dp "Pressure raise"; | ||
| algorithm | ||
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| // see equation 20 in Buildings/Resources/Images/Fluid/Movers/UsersGuide/2013-IBPSA-Wetter.pdf | ||
| // this equation satisfies the constraints detailed in the paper | ||
| // the first term is added for having a faster convergence | ||
| // the last term in the paper is absent here because it can be found in | ||
| // Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.pressure | ||
| dp := r_N * dpDelta + r_N^2 * (cBar[1] + cBar[2]*V_flow); | ||
| annotation (Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| This function computes the fan static | ||
| pressure raise as a function of volume flow rate and revolution near the origin. | ||
| It is used to avoid a singularity in the pump or fan curve if the revolution | ||
| approaches zero. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| August 25, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>"), smoothOrder=100); | ||
| end flowApproximationAtOrigin; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/flowParameters.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| record flowParameters "Record for flow parameters" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Record; | ||
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| parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow[:](each min=0) | ||
| "Volume flow rate at user-selected operating points"; | ||
| parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dp[size(V_flow,1)]( | ||
| each min=0, each displayUnit="Pa") | ||
| "Fan or pump total pressure at these flow rates"; | ||
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| // This is needed for OpenModelica. | ||
| // fixme: Check if this can be put into FlowMachineInterface instead of here. | ||
| final parameter Integer n = size(V_flow,1) | ||
| "Number of data points for flow rate in V_flow vs. pressure data"; | ||
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| annotation (Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| Data record for performance data that describe volume flow rate versus | ||
| pressure rise. | ||
| The volume flow rate <code>V_flow</code> must be increasing, i.e., | ||
| <code>V_flow[i] < V_flow[i+1]</code>. | ||
| Both vectors, <code>V_flow</code> and <code>dp</code> | ||
| must have the same size. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 28, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>")); | ||
| end flowParameters; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/flowParametersInternal.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| record flowParametersInternal "Record for flow parameters with prescribed size" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Record; | ||
| parameter Integer n "Number of elements in each array" | ||
| annotation(Evaluate=true); | ||
| parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow[n](each min=0) | ||
| "Volume flow rate at user-selected operating points"; | ||
| parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dp[n]( | ||
| each min=0, each displayUnit="Pa") | ||
| "Fan or pump total pressure at these flow rates"; | ||
| annotation (Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| Data record for performance data that describe volume flow rate versus | ||
| pressure rise. | ||
| The volume flow rate <code>V_flow</code> must be increasing, i.e., | ||
| <code>V_flow[i] < V_flow[i+1]</code>. | ||
| Both vectors, <code>V_flow</code> and <code>dp</code> | ||
| must have the same size. | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| This record is identical to | ||
| <a href=\"modelica://Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristic.flowParameters\"> | ||
| Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristic.flowParameters</a>, | ||
| except that it takes the size of the array as a parameter. This is required | ||
| in Dymola 2014. Otherwise, the array size would need to be computed in | ||
| <a href=\"modelica://Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface\"> | ||
| Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface</a> | ||
| in the <code>initial algorithm</code> section, which is not supported. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| March 22, 2013, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>")); | ||
| end flowParametersInternal; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/package.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses; | ||
| package Characteristics "Functions for fan or pump characteristics" | ||
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| annotation (Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| This package implements performance curves for fans and pumps, | ||
| and records for parameter that can be used with these performance | ||
| curves. | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| See the | ||
| <a href=\"modelica://Buildings.Fluid.Movers.UsersGuide\"> | ||
| User's Guide</a> for information about these performance curves. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 29, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| New implementation due to changes from polynomial to cubic hermite splines. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>")); | ||
| end Characteristics; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/package.order
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| flowParameters | ||
| flowParametersInternal | ||
| efficiencyParameters | ||
| powerParameters | ||
| pressure | ||
| flowApproximationAtOrigin | ||
| power | ||
| efficiency |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/power.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| function power "Flow vs. electrical power characteristics for fan or pump" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Function; | ||
| input Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.powerParameters per | ||
| "Pressure performance data"; | ||
| input Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow "Volumetric flow rate"; | ||
| input Real r_N(unit="1") "Relative revolution, r_N=N/N_nominal"; | ||
| input Real d[:] "Derivatives at support points for spline interpolation"; | ||
| input Real delta "Small value for switching implementation around zero rpm"; | ||
| output Modelica.SIunits.Power P "Power consumption"; | ||
|
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| protected | ||
| Integer n=size(per.V_flow, 1) "Dimension of data vector"; | ||
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| Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate rat "Ratio of V_flow/r_N"; | ||
| Integer i "Integer to select data interval"; | ||
|
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| algorithm | ||
| if n == 1 then | ||
| P := r_N^3*per.P[1]; | ||
| else | ||
| i :=1; | ||
| // The use of the max function to avoids problems for low speeds | ||
| // and turned off pumps | ||
| rat:=V_flow/ | ||
| Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.smoothMax( | ||
| x1=r_N, | ||
| x2=0.1, | ||
| deltaX=delta); | ||
| for j in 1:n-1 loop | ||
| if rat > per.V_flow[j] then | ||
| i := j; | ||
| end if; | ||
| end for; | ||
| // Extrapolate or interpolate the data | ||
| P:=r_N^3*Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.cubicHermiteLinearExtrapolation( | ||
| x=rat, | ||
| x1=per.V_flow[i], | ||
| x2=per.V_flow[i + 1], | ||
| y1=per.P[i], | ||
| y2=per.P[i + 1], | ||
| y1d=d[i], | ||
| y2d=d[i+1]); | ||
| end if; | ||
| annotation(smoothOrder=1, | ||
| Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| This function computes the fan power consumption for given volume flow rate, | ||
| speed and performance data. The power consumption is | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\"> | ||
| P = r<sub>N</sub><sup>3</sup> s(V̇/r<sub>N</sub>, d), | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| where | ||
| <i>P</i> is the power consumption, | ||
| <i>r<sub>N</sub></i> is the normalized fan speed, | ||
| <i>V̇</i> is the volume flow rate and | ||
| <i>d</i> are performance data for fan or pump power consumption at <i>r<sub>N</sub>=1</i>. | ||
| </p> | ||
| <h4>Implementation</h4> | ||
| <p> | ||
| The function <i>s(·, ·)</i> is a cubic hermite spline. | ||
| If the data <i>d</i> define a monotone decreasing sequence, then | ||
| <i>s(·, d)</i> is a monotone decreasing function. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| February 26, 2014, by Filip Jorissen:<br/> | ||
| Changed polynomial to be evaluated at <code>V_flow/r_N</code> | ||
| instead of <code>V_flow</code> to properly account for the | ||
| scaling law. See | ||
| <a href=\"https://github.com/lbl-srg/modelica-buildings/pull/202\">#202</a> | ||
| for a discussion and validation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 28, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>"), smoothOrder=1); | ||
| end power; |
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Buildings/Fluid/Movers/BaseClasses/Characteristics/powerParameters.mo
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| within Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; | ||
| record powerParameters "Record for electrical power parameters" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.Record; | ||
| parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow[:](each min=0) | ||
| "Volume flow rate at user-selected operating points"; | ||
| parameter Modelica.SIunits.Power P[size(V_flow,1)](each min=0) | ||
| "Fan or pump electrical power at these flow rates"; | ||
| annotation (Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| Data record for performance data that describe volume flow rate versus | ||
| electrical power. | ||
| The volume flow rate <code>V_flow</code> must be increasing, i.e., | ||
| <code>V_flow[i] < V_flow[i+1]</code>. | ||
| Both vectors, <code>V_flow</code> and <code>P</code> | ||
| must have the same size. | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>", | ||
| revisions="<html> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| October 10, 2012, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| Fixed wrong <code>displayUnit</code> and | ||
| <code>max</code> attribute for power. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| September 28, 2011, by Michael Wetter:<br/> | ||
| First implementation. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| </html>")); | ||
| end powerParameters; |
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