findTable.c

/*
 Copyright (C) 2015 Bert Frees
 
 This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of the Lesser or Library GNU General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
 version.
 
 This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
 WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
 A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the Library GNU General Public License for more
 details.
 
 You should have received a copy of the Library GNU General Public License
 along with this program; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
 USA.
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "louis.h"

/* =============================== LIST =================================== */

typedef struct List
{
  void * head;
  void (* free)(void *);
  struct List * tail;
} List;

/*
 * Returns a list with the element `x' added to `list'. Returns a sorted list
 * if `cmp' is not NULL and if `list' is also sorted. New elements replace
 * existing ones if they are equal according to `cmp'. If `cmp' is NULL,
 * elements are simply prepended to the list. The function `dup' is used to
 * duplicate elements before they are added to the list. If `free' function is
 * used to free elements when they are removed from the list. The returned
 * list must be freed by the caller.
 */
static List *
list_conj(List * list,
	  void * x,
	  int (* cmp)(void *, void *),
	  void * (* dup)(void *),
	  void (* free)(void *))
{
  if (!list)
    {
      list = malloc(sizeof(List));
      list->head = dup ? dup(x) : x;
      list->free = free;
      list->tail = NULL;
      return list;
    }
  else if (!cmp)
    {
      List * l = malloc(sizeof(List));
      l->head = dup ? dup(x) : x;
      l->free = free;
      l->tail = list;
      return l;
    }
  else
    {
      List * l1 = list;
      List * l2 = NULL;
      while (l1)
	{
	  int c = cmp(l1->head, x);
	  if (c > 0)
	    break;
	  else if (c < 0)
	    {
	      l2 = l1;
	      l1 = l2->tail;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      if (x != l1->head && !dup && free)
		free(x);
	      return list;
	    }
	}
      List * l3 = malloc(sizeof(List));
      l3->head = dup? dup(x) : x;
      l3->free = free;
      l3->tail = l1;
      if (!l2)
	list = l3;
      else
	l2->tail = l3;
      return list;
    }
}

/*
 * Free an instance of type List.
 */
static void
list_free(List * list)
{
  if (list)
    {
      if (list->free)
	list->free(list->head);
      list_free(list->tail);
      free(list);
    }
}

/*
 * Sort a list based on a comparison function.
 */
static List *
list_sort(List * list, int (* cmp)(void *, void *))
{
  List * newList = NULL;
  List * l;
  for (l = list; l; l = l->tail)
    {
      newList = list_conj(newList, l->head, cmp, NULL, l->free);
      l->free = NULL;
    }
  list_free(list);
  return newList;
}

/*
 * Get the size of a list.
 */
static int
list_size(List * list)
{
  int len = 0;
  List * l;
  for (l = list; l; l = l->tail)
    len++;
  return len;
}

/*
 * Convert a list into a NULL terminated array.
 */
static void **
list_toArray(List * list, void * (* dup)(void *))
{
  void ** array;
  List * l;
  int i;
  array = malloc((1 + list_size(list)) * sizeof(void *));
  i = 0;
  for (l = list; l; l = l->tail)
    array[i++] = dup ? dup(l->head) : l->head;
  array[i] = NULL;
  return array;
}

/* ============================== FEATURE ================================= */

typedef struct
{
  char * key;
  char * val;
} Feature;

typedef struct
{
  Feature feature;
  int importance;
} FeatureWithImportance;

typedef struct
{
  char * name;
  List * features;
} TableMeta;

/*
 * Create an instance of type Feature. The `key' and `val' strings are
 * duplicated. Leaving out the `val' argument results in a value of "yes".
 */
static Feature
feature_new(const char * key, const char * val)
{
  static char * YES = "yes";
  Feature f;
  f.key = strdup(key);
  f.val = strdup(val ? val : YES);
  return f;
}

/*
 * Free an instance of type Feature
 */
static void
feature_free(Feature * f)
{
  if (f)
    {
      free(f->key);
      free(f->val);
      free(f);
    }
}

/* ======================================================================== */

/*
 * Sort features based on their keys.
 */
static int
cmpKeys(Feature * f1, Feature * f2)
{
  return strcmp(f1->key, f2->key);
}

/*
 * Compute the match quotient of the features in a query against the features
 * in a table's metadata. The features are assumed to be sorted and to have no
 * duplicate keys. The query's features must be of type
 * FeatureWithImportance. How a feature contributes to the match quotient
 * depends on its importance, on whether the feature is undefined, defined
 * with the same value (positive match), or defined with a different value
 * (negative match), and on the `fuzzy' argument. If the `fuzzy' argument
 * evaluates to true, negative matches and undefined features get a lower
 * penalty.
 */
static int
matchFeatureLists(const List * query, const List * tableFeatures, int fuzzy)
{
  static int POS_MATCH = 10;
  static int NEG_MATCH = -100;
  static int UNDEFINED = -20;
  static int EXTRA = -1;
  static int POS_MATCH_FUZZY = 10;
  static int NEG_MATCH_FUZZY = -25;
  static int UNDEFINED_FUZZY = -5;
  static int EXTRA_FUZZY = -1;
  int posMatch, negMatch, undefined, extra;
  if (!fuzzy)
    {
      posMatch = POS_MATCH;
      negMatch = NEG_MATCH;
      undefined = UNDEFINED;
      extra = EXTRA;
    }
  else
    {
      posMatch = POS_MATCH_FUZZY;
      negMatch = NEG_MATCH_FUZZY;
      undefined = UNDEFINED_FUZZY;
      extra = EXTRA_FUZZY;
    }
  int quotient = 0;
  const List * l1 = query;
  const List * l2 = tableFeatures;
  while (1)
    {
      if (!l1)
	{
	  if (!l2)
	    break;
	  quotient += extra;
	  l2 = l2->tail;
	}
      else if (!l2)
	{
	  quotient += undefined;
	  l1 = l1->tail;
	}
      else
	{
	  int cmp = cmpKeys(l1->head, l2->head);
	  if (cmp < 0)
	    {
	      quotient += undefined;
	      l1 = l1->tail;
	    }
	  else if (cmp > 0)
	    {
	      quotient += extra;
	      l2 = l2->tail;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      if (strcmp(((Feature *)l1->head)->val, ((Feature *)l2->head)->val) == 0)
		quotient += posMatch;
	      else
		quotient += negMatch;
	      l1 = l1->tail;
	      l2 = l2->tail;
	    }
	}
    }
  return quotient;
}

/*
 * Return true if a character matches [0-9A-Za-z_-]
 */
static int
isIdentChar(char c)
{
  return (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
      || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
      || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
      || c == '-'
      || c == '_';
}

/*
 * Parse a table query into a list of features. Features defined first get a
 * higher importance.
 */
static List *
parseQuery(const char * query)
{
  List * features = NULL;
  const char * key = NULL;
  const char * val = NULL;
  size_t keySize = 0;
  size_t valSize = 0;
  const char * c;
  int pos = 0;
  while (1)
    {
      c = &query[pos++];
      if (*c == ' ' || *c == '\t' || *c == '\n' | *c == '\0')
	{
	  if (key)
	    {
	      char * k = strndup(key, keySize);
	      char * v = val ? strndup(val, valSize) : NULL;
	      FeatureWithImportance f = { feature_new(k, v), 0 };
	      logMessage(LOG_DEBUG, "Query has feature '%s:%s'", f.feature.key, f.feature.val);
	      features = list_conj(features, memcpy(malloc(sizeof(f)), &f, sizeof(f)),
				   NULL, NULL, (void (*)(void *))feature_free);
	      free(k);
	      free(v);
	      key = val = NULL;
	      keySize = valSize = 0;
	    }
	  if (*c == '\0')
	    break;
	}
      else if (*c == ':')
	{
	  if (!key || val)
	    goto compile_error;
	  else
	    {
	      c = &query[pos++];
	      if (isIdentChar(*c))
		{
		  val = c;
		  valSize = 1;
		}
	      else
		goto compile_error;
	    }
	}
      else if (isIdentChar(*c))
	{
	  if (val)
	    valSize++;
	  else if (key)
	    keySize++;
	  else
	    {
	      key = c;
	      keySize = 1;
	    }
	}
      else
	goto compile_error;
    }
  int k = 1;
  List * l;
  for (l = features; l; l = l->tail)
    {
      FeatureWithImportance * f = l->head;
      f->importance = k++;
    }
  return list_sort(features, (int (*)(void *, void *))cmpKeys);
 compile_error:
  logMessage(LOG_ERROR, "Unexpected character '%c' at position %d", c, pos);
  list_free(features);
  return NULL;
}

/*
 * Convert a widechar string to a normal string.
 */
static char *
widestrToStr(const widechar * str, size_t n)
{
  char * result = malloc((1 + n) * sizeof(char));
  int k;
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
    result[k] = str[k];
  result[k] = '\0';
  return result;
}

/*
 * Extract a list of features from a table.
 */
static List *
analyzeTable(const char * table)
{
  static char fileName[MAXSTRING];
  char ** resolved;
  List * features = NULL;
  FileInfo info;
  int k;
  resolved = resolveTable(table, NULL);
  if (resolved == NULL)
    {
      logMessage(LOG_ERROR, "Cannot resolve table '%s'", table);
      return NULL;
    }
  sprintf(fileName, "%s", *resolved);
  k = 0;
  for (k = 0; resolved[k]; k++)
    free(resolved[k]);
  free(resolved);
  if (k > 1)
    {
      logMessage(LOG_ERROR, "Table '%s' resolves to more than one file", table);
      return NULL;
    }
  info.fileName = fileName;
  info.encoding = noEncoding;
  info.status = 0;
  info.lineNumber = 0;
  if ((info.in = fopen(info.fileName, "rb")))
    {
      while (getALine(&info))
	{
	  if (info.linelen == 0);
	  else if (info.line[0] == '#')
	    {
	      if (info.linelen >= 2 && info.line[1] == '+')
		{
		  widechar * key = NULL;
		  widechar * val = NULL;
		  size_t keySize = 0;
		  size_t valSize = 0;
		  info.linepos = 2;
		  if (info.linepos < info.linelen && isIdentChar(info.line[info.linepos]))
		    {
		      key = &info.line[info.linepos];
		      keySize = 1;
		      info.linepos++;
		      while (info.linepos < info.linelen && isIdentChar(info.line[info.linepos]))
			{
			  keySize++;
			  info.linepos++;
			}
		      if (info.linepos < info.linelen && info.line[info.linepos] == ':')
			{
			  info.linepos++;
			  while (info.linepos < info.linelen
				 && (info.line[info.linepos] == ' ' || info.line[info.linepos] == '\t'))
			    info.linepos++;
			  if (info.linepos < info.linelen && isIdentChar(info.line[info.linepos]))
			    {
			      val = &info.line[info.linepos];
			      valSize = 1;
			      info.linepos++;
			      while (info.linepos < info.linelen && isIdentChar(info.line[info.linepos]))
				{
				  valSize++;
				  info.linepos++;
				}
			    }
			  else
			    goto compile_error;
			}
		      if (info.linepos == info.linelen)
			{
			  char * k = widestrToStr(key, keySize);
			  char * v = val ? widestrToStr(val, valSize) : NULL;
			  Feature f = feature_new(k, v);
			  logMessage(LOG_DEBUG, "Table has feature '%s:%s'", f.key, f.val);
			  features = list_conj(features, memcpy(malloc(sizeof(f)), &f, sizeof(f)),
					       NULL, NULL, (void (*)(void *))feature_free);
			  free(k);
			  free(v);
			}
		      else
			goto compile_error;
		    }
		  else
		    goto compile_error;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    break;
	}
      fclose(info.in);
    }
  else
    logMessage (LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open table '%s'", info.fileName);
  return list_sort(features, (int (*)(void *, void *))cmpKeys);
 compile_error:
  if (info.linepos < info.linelen)
    logMessage(LOG_ERROR, "Unexpected character '%c' on line %d, column %d",
	       info.line[info.linepos],
	       info.lineNumber,
	       info.linepos);
  else
    logMessage(LOG_ERROR, "Unexpected newline on line %d", info.lineNumber);
  list_free(features);
  return NULL;
}

static List * tableIndex = NULL;

void EXPORT_CALL
lou_indexTables(const char ** tables)
{
  const char ** table;
  list_free(tableIndex);
  tableIndex = NULL;
  for (table = tables; *table; table++)
    {
      logMessage(LOG_DEBUG, "Analyzing table %s", *table);
      List * features = analyzeTable(*table);
      if (features)
	{
	  TableMeta m = { strdup(*table), features };
	  tableIndex = list_conj(tableIndex, memcpy(malloc(sizeof(m)), &m, sizeof(m)), NULL, NULL, free);
	}
    }
  if (!tableIndex)
    logMessage(LOG_WARN, "No tables were indexed");
}

#ifdef _WIN32
#define DIR_SEP '\\'
#else
#define DIR_SEP '/'
#endif

/*
 * Returns the list of files found on searchPath, where searchPath is a
 * comma-separated list of directories.
 */
static List *
listFiles(char * searchPath)
{
  List * list;
  char * dirName;
  DIR * dir;
  struct dirent * file;
  static char fileName[MAXSTRING];
  struct stat info;
  int pos = 0;
  int n;
  while (1)
    {
      for (n = 0; searchPath[pos + n] != '\0' && searchPath[pos + n] != ','; n++);
      dirName = strndup(&searchPath[pos], n);
      if ((dir = opendir(dirName)))
	{
	  while ((file = readdir(dir)))
	    {
	      sprintf(fileName, "%s%c%s", dirName, DIR_SEP, file->d_name);
	      if (stat(fileName, &info) == 0 && !(info.st_mode & S_IFDIR))
		{
		  list = list_conj(list, strdup(fileName), NULL, NULL, free);
		}
	    }
	  closedir(dir);
	}
      else
	{
	  logMessage(LOG_WARN, "%s is not a directory", dirName);
	}
      free(dirName);
      pos += n;
      if (searchPath[pos] == '\0')
	break;
      else
	pos++;
    }
  return list;
}

char * EXPORT_CALL
lou_findTable(const char * query)
{
  if (!tableIndex)
    {
      char * searchPath;
      List * tables;
      const char ** tablesArray;
      logMessage(LOG_WARN, "Tables have not been indexed yet. Indexing LOUIS_TABLEPATH.");
      searchPath = getTablePath();
      tables = listFiles(searchPath);
      tablesArray = list_toArray(tables, NULL);
      lou_indexTables(tablesArray);
      free(searchPath);
      list_free(tables);
      free(tablesArray);
    }
  List * queryFeatures = parseQuery(query);
  int bestQuotient = 0;
  char * bestMatch = NULL;
  List * l;
  for (l = tableIndex; l; l = l->tail)
    {
      TableMeta * table = l->head;
      int q = matchFeatureLists(queryFeatures, table->features, 0);
      if (q > bestQuotient)
	{
	  bestQuotient = q;
	  bestMatch = strdup(table->name);
	}
    }
  if (bestMatch)
     {
       logMessage(LOG_INFO, "Best match: %s (%d)", bestMatch, bestQuotient);
       return bestMatch;
     }
  else
    {
      logMessage(LOG_INFO, "No table could be found for query '%s'", query);
      return NULL;
    }
}