vips7compat.c

/* compat stuff for vips7
 *
 * 4/3/11
 * 	- hacked up
 */

/*

	This file is part of VIPS.

	VIPS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
	02110-1301  USA

 */

/*

	These files are distributed with VIPS - http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk

 */

/*
#define VIPS_DEBUG
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
#include <glib/gi18n-lib.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <vips/vips.h>
#include <vips/vips7compat.h>
#include <vips/internal.h>
#include <vips/debug.h>
#include <vips/transform.h>

/* Split filename into name / mode components. name and mode should both be
 * FILENAME_MAX chars.
 *
 * We look for the ':' splitting the name and mode by searching for the
 * rightmost occurrence of the regexp "\.[A-Za-z0-9]+:". The initial dot can
 * be missing if there's a dirsep or start of string, meaning this is a
 * filename without an extension.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * 	c:\silly:dir:name\fr:ed.tif:jpeg:95,,,,c:\icc\srgb.icc
 * 	  -> c:\silly:dir:name\fr:ed.tif  jpeg:95,,,,c:\icc\srgb.icc
 * 	I180:
 * 	  -> I180 ""
 * 	c:\silly:
 * 	  -> c:\silly ""
 * 	c:\silly
 * 	  -> c:\silly ""
 * 	C:\fixtures\2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.jpg
 * 	  -> C:\fixtures\2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.jpg ""
 *
 * vips8 handles this in a much better way :(
 */
void
im_filename_split(const char *path, char *name, char *mode)
{
	char *p;
	size_t len;

	vips_strncpy(name, path, FILENAME_MAX);
	strcpy(mode, "");

	if ((len = strlen(name)) == 0)
		return;

	/* Search backwards towards start, stopping at each ':' char.
	 */
	for (p = name + len - 1; p > name; p -= 1)
		if (*p == ':') {
			char *q;

			/* We are skipping back over the file extension,
			 * isalnum() is probably sufficient.
			 */
			for (q = p - 1; isalnum(*q) && q > name; q -= 1)
				;

			if (*q == '.') {
				break;
			}

			/* All the way back to the start? We probably have a
			 * filename with no extension, eg. "I180:"
			 */
			if (q == name)
				break;

			/* .. or we could hit a dirsep. Allow win or nix
			 * separators.
			 */
			if (*q == '/' ||
				*q == '\\')
				break;
		}

	/* Ignore a ':' in column 1, it's probably a drive letter on a
	 * Windows path.
	 */
	if (*p == ':' &&
		p - name != 1) {
		vips_strncpy(mode, p + 1, FILENAME_MAX);
		*p = '\0';
	}
}

/**
 * vips_path_filename7:
 * @path: path to split
 *
 * Return the filename part of a vips7 path. For testing only.
 */
char *
vips_path_filename7(const char *path)
{
	char name[FILENAME_MAX];
	char mode[FILENAME_MAX];

	im_filename_split(path, name, mode);

	return g_strdup(name);
}

/**
 * vips_path_mode7:
 * @path: path to split
 *
 * Return the mode part of a vips7 path. For testing only.
 */
char *
vips_path_mode7(const char *path)
{
	char name[FILENAME_MAX];
	char mode[FILENAME_MAX];

	im_filename_split(path, name, mode);

	return g_strdup(mode);
}

/* Skip any leading path stuff. Horrible: if this is a filename which came
 * from win32 and we're a *nix machine, it'll have '\\' not '/' as the
 * separator :-(
 *
 * Try to fudge this ... if the file doesn't contain any of our native
 * separators, look for the opposite one as well. If there are none of those
 * either, just return the filename.
 */
const char *
im_skip_dir(const char *path)
{
	char name[FILENAME_MAX];
	char mode[FILENAME_MAX];
	const char *p;
	const char *q;

	const char native_dir_sep = G_DIR_SEPARATOR;
	const char non_native_dir_sep = native_dir_sep == '/' ? '\\' : '/';

	/* Remove any trailing save modifiers: we don't want '/' or '\' in the
	 * modifier confusing us.
	 */
	im_filename_split(path, name, mode);

	/* The '\0' char at the end of the string.
	 */
	p = name + strlen(name);

	/* Search back for the first native dir sep, or failing that, the first
	 * non-native dir sep.
	 */
	for (q = p; q > name && q[-1] != native_dir_sep; q--)
		;
	if (q == name)
		for (q = p; q > name && q[-1] != non_native_dir_sep; q--)
			;

	return path + (q - name);
}

/* Extract suffix from filename, ignoring any mode string. Suffix should be
 * FILENAME_MAX chars. Include the "." character, if any.
 */
void
im_filename_suffix(const char *path, char *suffix)
{
	char name[FILENAME_MAX];
	char mode[FILENAME_MAX];
	char *p;

	im_filename_split(path, name, mode);
	if ((p = strrchr(name, '.')))
		strcpy(suffix, p);
	else
		strcpy(suffix, "");
}

/* Does a filename have one of a set of suffixes. Ignore case.
 */
int
im_filename_suffix_match(const char *path, const char *suffixes[])
{
	char suffix[FILENAME_MAX];
	const char **p;

	im_filename_suffix(path, suffix);
	for (p = suffixes; *p; p++)
		if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(suffix, *p) == 0)
			return 1;

	return 0;
}

/* p points to the start of a buffer ... move it on through the buffer (ready
 * for the next call), and return the current option (or NULL for option
 * missing). ',' characters inside options can be escaped with a '\'.
 */
char *
im_getnextoption(char **in)
{
	char *p;
	char *q;

	p = *in;
	q = p;

	if (!p || !*p)
		return NULL;

	/* Find the next ',' not prefixed with a '\'. If the first character
	 * of p is ',', there can't be a previous escape character.
	 */
	for (;;) {
		if (!(p = strchr(p, ',')))
			break;
		if (p == q)
			break;
		if (p[-1] != '\\')
			break;

		p += 1;
	}

	if (p) {
		/* Another option follows this one .. set up to pick that out
		 * next time.
		 */
		*p = '\0';
		*in = p + 1;
	}
	else {
		/* This is the last one.
		 */
		*in = NULL;
	}

	if (strlen(q) > 0)
		return q;
	else
		return NULL;
}

/* Get a suboption string, or NULL.
 */
char *
im_getsuboption(const char *buf)
{
	char *p, *q, *r;

	if (!(p = strchr(buf, ':')))
		/* No suboption.
		 */
		return NULL;

	/* Step over the ':'.
	 */
	p += 1;

	/* Need to unescape any \, pairs. Shift stuff down one if we find one.
	 */
	for (q = p; *q; q++)
		if (q[0] == '\\' && q[1] == ',')
			for (r = q; *r; r++)
				r[0] = r[1];

	return p;
}

VipsImage *
im_open(const char *filename, const char *mode)
{
	VipsImage *image;

	vips_check_init();

	/* We have to go via the old VipsFormat system so we can support the
	 * "filename:option" syntax.
	 *
	 * Use "rs" to turn on seq mode.
	 */
	if (strcmp(mode, "r") == 0 ||
		strcmp(mode, "rd") == 0) {
		if (!(image = vips__deprecated_open_read(filename, FALSE)))
			return NULL;
	}
	else if (strcmp(mode, "rs") == 0) {
		if (!(image = vips__deprecated_open_read(filename, TRUE)))
			return NULL;
	}
	else if (strcmp(mode, "w") == 0) {
		if (!(image = vips__deprecated_open_write(filename)))
			return NULL;
	}
	else {
		if (!(image = vips_image_new_mode(filename, mode)))
			return NULL;
	}

	return image;
}

/* Just for compatibility. New code should use vips_object_local() directly.
 */
VipsImage *
im_open_local(VipsImage *parent,
	const char *filename, const char *mode)
{
	VipsImage *image;

	if (!(image = im_open(filename, mode)))
		return NULL;
	vips_object_local(parent, image);

	return image;
}

/* Just for compatibility. New code should use vips_object_local_array().
 */
int
im_open_local_array(VipsImage *parent,
	VipsImage **images, int n,
	const char *filename, const char *mode)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (!(images[i] = im_open_local(parent, filename, mode)))
			return -1;

	return 0;
}

typedef struct {
	im_callback_fn fn;
	void *a;
	void *b;
} Callback;

static void
im_add_callback_cb(VipsImage *im, Callback *callback)
{
	if (callback->fn(callback->a, callback->b))
		vips_image_set_kill(im, TRUE);
}

int
im_add_callback(VipsImage *im,
	const char *name, im_callback_fn fn, void *a, void *b)
{
	Callback *callback;

	callback = VIPS_NEW(VIPS_OBJECT(im), Callback);
	callback->fn = fn;
	callback->a = a;
	callback->b = b;
	g_signal_connect(im, name,
		G_CALLBACK(im_add_callback_cb), callback);

	return 0;
}

static void
im_add_callback_cb1(VipsImage *im, void *x, Callback *callback)
{
	if (callback->fn(callback->a, callback->b))
		vips_image_set_kill(im, TRUE);
}

int
im_add_callback1(VipsImage *im,
	const char *name, im_callback_fn fn, void *a, void *b)
{
	Callback *callback;

	callback = VIPS_NEW(VIPS_OBJECT(im), Callback);
	callback->fn = fn;
	callback->a = a;
	callback->b = b;
	g_signal_connect(im, name,
		G_CALLBACK(im_add_callback_cb1), callback);

	return 0;
}

/* Make something local to an image descriptor ... pass in a constructor
 * and a destructor, plus three args.
 */
void *
im_local(IMAGE *im,
	im_construct_fn cons, im_callback_fn dest, void *a, void *b, void *c)
{
	void *obj;

	if (!im) {
		im_error("im_local", "%s", _("NULL image descriptor"));
		return NULL;
	}

	if (!(obj = cons(a, b, c)))
		return NULL;
	if (im_add_close_callback(im, (im_callback_fn) dest, obj, a)) {
		dest(obj, a);
		return NULL;
	}

	return obj;
}

/* Make an array of things local to a descriptor ... eg. make 6 local temp
 * images.
 */
int
im_local_array(IMAGE *im, void **out, int n,
	im_construct_fn cons, im_callback_fn dest, void *a, void *b, void *c)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (!(out[i] = im_local(im, cons, dest, a, b, c)))
			return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_close(VipsImage *im)
{
	g_object_unref(im);

	return 0;
}

/* edvips.c needs this
 */
VipsImage *
im_init(const char *filename)
{
	VipsImage *image;

	image = vips_image_new();
	IM_SETSTR(image->filename, filename);

	return image;
}

/* We can't do this with a rename macro since the C++ interface needs
 * this entrypoint, see VImage.h.
 *
 * As a result our fancy ABI check will not work with the vips7 interface.
 */
int
im_init_world(const char *argv0)
{
	return vips_init(argv0);
}

/* Prettyprint various header fields. Just for vips7 compat, use
 * vips_enum_value() instead.
 */
const char *
im_Type2char(VipsInterpretation type)
{
	return vips_enum_string(VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION, type);
}
const char *
im_BandFmt2char(VipsBandFormat format)
{
	return vips_enum_string(VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT, format);
}
const char *
im_Coding2char(VipsCoding coding)
{
	return vips_enum_string(VIPS_TYPE_CODING, coding);
}
const char *
im_dtype2char(VipsImageType n)
{
	return vips_enum_string(VIPS_TYPE_IMAGE_TYPE, n);
}
const char *
im_dhint2char(VipsDemandStyle style)
{
	return vips_enum_string(VIPS_TYPE_DEMAND_STYLE, style);
}

/* Old names for enums, for compat.
 */
static const char *im_Type[] = {
	"IM_TYPE_MULTIBAND", /* 0 */
	"IM_TYPE_B_W",		 /* 1 */
	"LUMINACE",			 /* 2 */
	"XRAY",				 /* 3 */
	"IR",				 /* 4 */
	"YUV",				 /* 5 */
	"RED_ONLY",			 /* 6 */
	"GREEN_ONLY",		 /* 7 */
	"BLUE_ONLY",		 /* 8 */
	"POWER_SPECTRUM",	 /* 9 */
	"IM_TYPE_HISTOGRAM", /* 10 */
	"LUT",				 /* 11 */
	"IM_TYPE_XYZ",		 /* 12 */
	"IM_TYPE_LAB",		 /* 13 */
	"CMC",				 /* 14 */
	"IM_TYPE_CMYK",		 /* 15 */
	"IM_TYPE_LABQ",		 /* 15 */
	"IM_TYPE_RGB",		 /* 17 */
	"IM_TYPE_UCS",		 /* 18 */
	"IM_TYPE_LCH",		 /* 19 */
	"IM_TYPE_LABS",		 /* 20 */
	"<unknown>",		 /* 21 */
	"IM_TYPE_sRGB",		 /* 22 */
	"IM_TYPE_YXY",		 /* 23 */
	"IM_TYPE_FOURIER",	 /* 24 */
	"IM_TYPE_RGB16",	 /* 25 */
	"IM_TYPE_GREY16",	 /* 26 */
	NULL
};

static const char *im_BandFmt[] = {
	"IM_BANDFMT_UCHAR",
	"IM_BANDFMT_CHAR",
	"IM_BANDFMT_USHORT",
	"IM_BANDFMT_SHORT",
	"IM_BANDFMT_UINT",
	"IM_BANDFMT_INT",
	"IM_BANDFMT_FLOAT",
	"IM_BANDFMT_COMPLEX",
	"IM_BANDFMT_DOUBLE",
	"IM_BANDFMT_DPCOMPLEX",
	NULL
};

static const char *im_Coding[] = {
	"IM_CODING_NONE",
	"COLQUANT8",
	"IM_CODING_LABQ",
	"IM_CODING_LABQ_COMPRESSED",
	"RGB_COMPRESSED",
	"LUM_COMPRESSED",
	"IM_CODING_RAD",
	NULL
};

static const char *im_dtype[] = {
	"IM_NONE",
	"IM_SETBUF",
	"IM_SETBUF_FOREIGN",
	"IM_OPENIN",
	"IM_MMAPIN",
	"IM_MMAPINRW",
	"IM_OPENOUT",
	"IM_PARTIAL",
	NULL
};

static const char *im_dhint[] = {
	"IM_SMALLTILE",
	"IM_FATSTRIP",
	"IM_THINSTRIP",
	"IM_ANY",
	NULL
};

/* enum string to int, try the GEnum first, then use a compat *char[] for old
 * names.
 */
static int
lookup_enum(GType type, const char *names[], const char *name)
{
	GEnumClass *class;
	GEnumValue *value;
	int i;

	class = g_type_class_ref(type);
	if ((value = g_enum_get_value_by_nick(class, name)))
		return value->value;
	if ((value = g_enum_get_value_by_name(class, name)))
		return value->value;

	for (i = 0; names[i]; i++)
		if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(names[i], name) == 0)
			return i;

	return -1;
}

VipsInterpretation
im_char2Type(const char *str)
{
	return lookup_enum(VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION, im_Type, str);
}
VipsBandFormat
im_char2BandFmt(const char *str)
{
	return lookup_enum(VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT, im_BandFmt, str);
}
VipsCoding
im_char2Coding(const char *str)
{
	return lookup_enum(VIPS_TYPE_CODING, im_Coding, str);
}
VipsImageType
im_char2dtype(const char *str)
{
	return lookup_enum(VIPS_TYPE_IMAGE_TYPE, im_dtype, str);
}
VipsDemandStyle
im_char2dhint(const char *str)
{
	return lookup_enum(VIPS_TYPE_DEMAND_STYLE, im_dhint, str);
}

/* Totally useless now.
 */
const char *
im_Compression2char(int n)
{
	return "NONE";
}
int
im_char2Compression(const char *str)
{
	return -1;
}

/* Wrap one / many is being replaced by a class thing.
 */

typedef struct {
	im_wrapmany_fn fn; /* Function we call */
	void *a, *b;	   /* User values for function */
} Bundle;

/* Maximum number of input images -- why not?
 */
#define MAX_INPUT_IMAGES (64)

/* Convert a VipsRegion.
 */
static int
process_region(VipsRegion *out_region, void *seq, void *a, void *b)
{
	VipsRegion **ir = (VipsRegion **) seq;
	Bundle *bun = (Bundle *) b;

	PEL *p[MAX_INPUT_IMAGES], *q;
	int i, y;

	/* Prepare all input regions and make buffer pointers.
	 */
	if (vips_reorder_prepare_many(out_region->im, ir, &out_region->valid))
		return -1;
	for (i = 0; ir[i]; i++)
		p[i] = (PEL *) VIPS_REGION_ADDR(ir[i],
			out_region->valid.left, out_region->valid.top);
	p[i] = NULL;
	q = (PEL *) VIPS_REGION_ADDR(out_region, out_region->valid.left, out_region->valid.top);

	/* Convert linewise.
	 */
	for (y = 0; y < out_region->valid.height; y++) {
		PEL *p1[MAX_INPUT_IMAGES];

		/* Make a copy of p[] which the buffer function can mess up if
		 * it wants.
		 */
		for (i = 0; ir[i]; i++)
			p1[i] = p[i];

		/* Bizarre double-cast stops a bogus gcc 4.1 compiler warning.
		 */
		bun->fn((void **) ((void *) p1), q,
			out_region->valid.width, bun->a, bun->b);

		/* Move pointers on.
		 */
		for (i = 0; ir[i]; i++)
			p[i] += VIPS_REGION_LSKIP(ir[i]);
		q += VIPS_REGION_LSKIP(out_region);
	}

	return 0;
}

/* Make a copy of an array of input images.
 */
static IMAGE **
dupims(IMAGE *out, IMAGE **in)
{
	IMAGE **new;
	int i, n;

	for (n = 0; in[n]; n++)
		;
	new = VIPS_ARRAY(VIPS_OBJECT(out), n + 1, IMAGE *);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		new[i] = in[i];
	new[n] = NULL;

	return new;
}

int
im_wrapmany(IMAGE **in, IMAGE *out, im_wrapmany_fn fn, void *a, void *b)
{
	Bundle *bun;
	int i, n;

	/* Count input images.
	 */
	for (n = 0; in[n]; n++)
		;
	if (n >= MAX_INPUT_IMAGES - 1) {
		vips_error("im_wrapmany", "%s", _("too many input images"));
		return -1;
	}

	/* Save args.
	 */
	bun = VIPS_NEW(VIPS_OBJECT(out), Bundle);
	if (!(in = dupims(out, in)))
		return -1;
	bun->fn = fn;
	bun->a = a;
	bun->b = b;

	/* Check descriptors --- make sure that our caller has done this
	 * correctly.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (in[i]->Xsize != out->Xsize || in[i]->Ysize != out->Ysize) {
			vips_error("im_wrapmany",
				"%s", _("descriptors differ in size"));
			return -1;
		}

		/* Check io style.
		 */
		if (vips_image_pio_input(in[i]))
			return -1;
	}

	/* Don't call vips_image_pipeline_array(), we don't want to copy
	 * fields.
	 */
	vips__demand_hint_array(out, VIPS_DEMAND_STYLE_THINSTRIP, in);
	if (vips__reorder_set_input(out, in))
		return -1;

	/* Generate!
	 */
	if (vips_image_generate(out,
			vips_start_many, (VipsGenerateFn) process_region,
			vips_stop_many, in, bun))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static void
wrapone_gen(void **ins, void *out, int width, Bundle *bun, void *dummy)
{
	((im_wrapone_fn) (bun->fn))(ins[0], out, width, bun->a, bun->b);
}

int
im_wrapone(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, im_wrapone_fn fn, void *a, void *b)
{
	Bundle *bun;
	IMAGE *invec[2];

	/* Heh, yuk. We cast back above.
	 */
	bun = VIPS_NEW(VIPS_OBJECT(out), Bundle);
	bun->fn = (im_wrapmany_fn) fn;
	bun->a = a;
	bun->b = b;
	invec[0] = in;
	invec[1] = NULL;

	return im_wrapmany(invec, out,
		(im_wrapmany_fn) wrapone_gen, bun, NULL);
}

static void
wraptwo_gen(void **ins, void *out, int width, Bundle *bun, void *dummy)
{
	((im_wraptwo_fn) (bun->fn))(ins[0], ins[1], out,
		width, bun->a, bun->b);
}

int
im_wraptwo(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out,
	im_wraptwo_fn fn, void *a, void *b)
{
	Bundle *bun;
	IMAGE *invec[3];

	bun = VIPS_NEW(VIPS_OBJECT(out), Bundle);
	bun->fn = (im_wrapmany_fn) fn;
	bun->a = a;
	bun->b = b;
	invec[0] = in1;
	invec[1] = in2;
	invec[2] = NULL;

	return im_wrapmany(invec, out,
		(im_wrapmany_fn) wraptwo_gen, bun, NULL);
}

/* Save a bit of typing.
 */
#define UC IM_BANDFMT_UCHAR
#define C IM_BANDFMT_CHAR
#define US IM_BANDFMT_USHORT
#define S IM_BANDFMT_SHORT
#define UI IM_BANDFMT_UINT
#define I IM_BANDFMT_INT
#define F IM_BANDFMT_FLOAT
#define X IM_BANDFMT_COMPLEX
#define D IM_BANDFMT_DOUBLE
#define DX IM_BANDFMT_DPCOMPLEX

/* For two integer types, the "largest", ie. one which can represent the
 * full range of both.
 */
static int bandfmt_largest[6][6] = {
	/* UC  C   US  S   UI  I */
	/* UC */ { UC, S, US, S, UI, I },
	/* C */ { S, C, I, S, I, I },
	/* US */ { US, I, US, I, UI, I },
	/* S */ { S, S, I, S, I, I },
	/* UI */ { UI, I, UI, I, UI, I },
	/* I */ { I, I, I, I, I, I }
};

/* For two formats, find one which can represent the full range of both.
 */
static VipsBandFmt
im__format_common(VipsBandFmt in1, VipsBandFmt in2)
{
	if (vips_band_format_iscomplex(in1) ||
		vips_band_format_iscomplex(in2)) {
		/* What kind of complex?
		 */
		if (in1 == IM_BANDFMT_DPCOMPLEX || in2 == IM_BANDFMT_DPCOMPLEX)
			/* Output will be DPCOMPLEX.
			 */
			return IM_BANDFMT_DPCOMPLEX;
		else
			return IM_BANDFMT_COMPLEX;
	}
	else if (vips_bandfmt_isfloat(in1) ||
		vips_bandfmt_isfloat(in2)) {
		/* What kind of float?
		 */
		if (in1 == IM_BANDFMT_DOUBLE || in2 == IM_BANDFMT_DOUBLE)
			return IM_BANDFMT_DOUBLE;
		else
			return IM_BANDFMT_FLOAT;
	}
	else
		/* Must be int+int -> int.
		 */
		return bandfmt_largest[in1][in2];
}

int
im__formatalike_vec(IMAGE **in, IMAGE **out, int n)
{
	int i;
	VipsBandFmt fmt;

	g_assert(n >= 1);

	fmt = in[0]->BandFmt;
	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
		fmt = im__format_common(fmt, in[i]->BandFmt);

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (im_clip2fmt(in[i], out[i], fmt))
			return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im__formatalike(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out1, IMAGE *out2)
{
	IMAGE *in[2];
	IMAGE *out[2];

	in[0] = in1;
	in[1] = in2;
	out[0] = out1;
	out[1] = out2;

	return im__formatalike_vec(in, out, 2);
}

/* Make an n-band image. Input 1 or n bands.
 */
int
im__bandup(const char *domain, IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n)
{
	IMAGE *bands[256];
	int i;

	if (in->Bands == n)
		return vips_image_write(in, out);
	if (in->Bands != 1) {
		im_error(domain, _("not one band or %d bands"), n);
		return -1;
	}
	if (n > 256 || n < 1) {
		im_error(domain, "%s", _("bad bands"));
		return -1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		bands[i] = in;

	return im_gbandjoin(bands, out, n);
}

int
im__bandalike_vec(const char *domain, IMAGE **in, IMAGE **out, int n)
{
	int i;
	int max_bands;

	g_assert(n >= 1);

	max_bands = in[0]->Bands;
	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
		max_bands = IM_MAX(max_bands, in[i]->Bands);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (im__bandup(domain, in[i], out[i], max_bands))
			return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im__bandalike(const char *domain,
	IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out1, IMAGE *out2)
{
	IMAGE *in[2];
	IMAGE *out[2];

	in[0] = in1;
	in[1] = in2;
	out[0] = out1;
	out[1] = out2;
	if (im__bandalike_vec(domain, in, out, 2))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

/* This is deprecated to make room for highway.
 */
void
vips_vector_init(void)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_init", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_vector_free(VipsVector *vector)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_free", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

VipsVector *
vips_vector_new(const char *name, int dsize)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_new", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return NULL;
}

void
vips_vector_asm2(VipsVector *vector,
	const char *op, const char *a, const char *b)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_asm2", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_vector_asm3(VipsVector *vector,
	const char *op, const char *a, const char *b, const char *c)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_asm3", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_vector_constant(VipsVector *vector, char *name, int value, int size)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_constant", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_vector_source_scanline(VipsVector *vector,
	char *name, int line, int size)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_source_scanline", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

int
vips_vector_source_name(VipsVector *vector, const char *name, int size)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_source_name", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return -1;
}

void
vips_vector_temporary(VipsVector *vector, const char *name, int size)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_temporary", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

int
vips_vector_parameter(VipsVector *vector, const char *name, int size)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_parameter", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return -1;
}

int
vips_vector_destination(VipsVector *vector, const char *name, int size)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_destination", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return -1;
}

gboolean
vips_vector_full(VipsVector *vector)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_full", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return FALSE;
}

gboolean
vips_vector_compile(VipsVector *vector)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_compile", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return TRUE;
}

void
vips_vector_print(VipsVector *vector)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_print", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_executor_set_program(VipsExecutor *executor, VipsVector *vector, int n)
{
	vips_error("vips_executor_set_program", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_executor_set_array(VipsExecutor *executor, int var, void *value)
{
	vips_error("vips_executor_set_array", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_executor_set_parameter(VipsExecutor *executor, int var, int value)
{
	vips_error("vips_executor_set_parameter", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_executor_set_scanline(VipsExecutor *executor,
	VipsRegion *ir, int x, int y)
{
	vips_error("vips_executor_set_scanline", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_executor_set_destination(VipsExecutor *executor, void *value)
{
	vips_error("vips_executor_set_destination", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_executor_run(VipsExecutor *executor)
{
	vips_error("vips_executor_run", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

void
vips_vector_to_fixed_point(double *in, int *out, int n, int scale)
{
	vips_error("vips_vector_to_fixed_point", "%s", _("deprecated"));
}

int
im_add(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("add", in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_subtract(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("subtract", in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_multiply(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("multiply", in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_divide(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("divide", in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_avg(IMAGE *in, double *out)
{
	return vips_avg(in, out, NULL);
}

int
im_deviate(IMAGE *in, double *out)
{
	return vips_deviate(in, out, NULL);
}

int
im_generate(VipsImage *im,
	im_start_fn start, im_generate_fn generate, im_stop_fn stop,
	void *a, void *b)
{
	return vips_image_generate(im,
		start, (VipsGenerateFn) generate, stop, a, b);
}

int
im_minpos(IMAGE *in, int *xpos, int *ypos, double *out)
{
	return vips_min(in, out, "x", xpos, "y", ypos, NULL);
}

int
im_min(IMAGE *in, double *out)
{
	return im_minpos(in, NULL, NULL, out);
}

int
im_maxpos(IMAGE *in, int *xpos, int *ypos, double *out)
{
	return vips_max(in, out, "x", xpos, "y", ypos, NULL);
}

int
im_max(IMAGE *in, double *out)
{
	return im_maxpos(in, NULL, NULL, out);
}

#define MAX_IMAGES 100
int
im_demand_hint(IMAGE *im, VipsDemandStyle hint, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	int i;
	IMAGE *ar[MAX_IMAGES];

	va_start(ap, hint);
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_IMAGES && (ar[i] = va_arg(ap, IMAGE *)); i++)
		;
	va_end(ap);
	if (i == MAX_IMAGES) {
		im_error("im_demand_hint", "%s", _("too many images"));
		return -1;
	}

	vips__demand_hint_array(im, hint, ar);

	return 0;
}

int
im_cp_descv(IMAGE *im, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	int i;
	IMAGE *ar[MAX_IMAGES];

	va_start(ap, im);
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_IMAGES && (ar[i] = va_arg(ap, IMAGE *)); i++)
		;
	va_end(ap);
	if (i == MAX_IMAGES) {
		im_error("im_cp_descv", "%s", _("too many images"));
		return -1;
	}

	return vips__image_copy_fields_array(im, ar);
}

int
im_cp_desc(IMAGE *out, IMAGE *in)
{
	return im_cp_descv(out, in, NULL);
}

int
im_copy_set(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	VipsType type, float xres, float yres, int xoffset, int yoffset)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_copy(in, &x,
			"interpretation", type,
			"xres", xres,
			"yres", yres,
			"xoffset", xoffset,
			"yoffset", yoffset,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_copy_morph(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int bands, VipsBandFmt bandfmt, VipsCoding coding)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_copy(in, &x,
			"bands", bands,
			"format", bandfmt,
			"coding", coding,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_copy(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips_image_write(in, out);
}

int
im_copy_swap(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_byteswap(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_copy_set_meta(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, const char *field, GValue *value)
{
	if (vips_image_write(in, out))
		return -1;
	(void) im_meta_set(out, field, value);

	return 0;
}

int
im_copy_native(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, gboolean is_msb_first)
{
	if (is_msb_first != im_amiMSBfirst())
		return im_copy_swap(in, out);
	else
		return vips_image_write(in, out);
}

int
im_embed(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int type, int x, int y, int width, int height)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_embed(in, &t, x, y, width, height,
			"extend", type,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_fliphor(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_flip(in, &t, VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rot90(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_rot(in, &t, VIPS_ANGLE_D90, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rot180(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_rot(in, &t, VIPS_ANGLE_D180, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rot270(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_rot(in, &t, VIPS_ANGLE_D270, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_flipver(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_flip(in, &t, VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_insert(IMAGE *main, IMAGE *sub, IMAGE *out, int x, int y)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_insert(main, sub, &t, x, y,
			"expand", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_insert_noexpand(IMAGE *main, IMAGE *sub, IMAGE *out, int x, int y)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_insert(main, sub, &t, x, y, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lrjoin(IMAGE *left, IMAGE *right, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_join(left, right, &t, VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tbjoin(IMAGE *left, IMAGE *right, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_join(left, right, &t, VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_extract_area(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int left, int top, int width, int height)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_extract_area(in, &t, left, top, width, height,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_extract_bands(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int band, int nbands)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_extract_band(in, &t, band,
			"n", nbands,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_extract_band(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int band)
{
	return im_extract_bands(in, out, band, 1);
}

int
im_extract_areabands(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int left, int top, int width, int height, int band, int nbands)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (vips_extract_area(in, &t1, left, top, width, height,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_extract_band(t1, &t2, band,
			"n", nbands,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);

	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_replicate(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int across, int down)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_replicate(in, &t, across, down,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_clip2fmt(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, VipsBandFmt fmt)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_cast(in, &t, fmt,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

size_t
im_ref_string_get_length(const GValue *value)
{
	size_t length;

	(void) vips_value_get_ref_string(value, &length);

	return length;
}

int
im_bandjoin(VipsImage *in1, VipsImage *in2, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_bandjoin2(in1, in2, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_gbandjoin(VipsImage **in, VipsImage *out, int n)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_bandjoin(in, &t, n,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rank_image(VipsImage **in, VipsImage *out, int n, int index)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_bandrank(in, &t, n,
			"index", index,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_maxvalue(IMAGE **in, IMAGE *out, int n)
{
	return im_rank_image(in, out, n, n - 1);
}

int
im_invert(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_invert(in, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_sign(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_sign(in, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_abs(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_abs(in, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_bandmean(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_bandmean(in, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lintra(double a, IMAGE *in, double b, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_linear1(in, &t, a, b,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lintra_vec(int n, double *a, IMAGE *in, double *b, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_linear(in, &t, a, b, n,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_black(IMAGE *out, int x, int y, int bands)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_black(&t, x, y,
			"bands", bands,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_identity_ushort(VipsImage *lut, int bands, int sz)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_identity(&t,
			"bands", bands,
			"ushort", TRUE,
			"size", sz,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, lut)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_identity(VipsImage *lut, int bands)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_identity(&t,
			"bands", bands,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, lut)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_gaussnoise(VipsImage *out, int x, int y, double mean, double sigma)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_gaussnoise(&t, x, y,
			"mean", mean,
			"sigma", sigma,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_grid(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int tile_height, int across, int down)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_grid(in, &t, tile_height, across, down, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_scale(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_scale(in, &t, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_msb(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_msb(in, &t, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_msb_band(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int band)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_msb(in, &t, "band", band, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_make_xy(IMAGE *out, const int xsize, const int ysize)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_xyz(&t, xsize, ysize, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_zone(IMAGE *out, int size)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_zone(&t, size, size,
			"uchar", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_fzone(IMAGE *out, int size)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_zone(&t, size, size, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_sines(IMAGE *out, int xsize, int ysize, double horfreq, double verfreq)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_sines(&t, xsize, ysize,
			"hfreq", horfreq,
			"vfreq", verfreq,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_text(IMAGE *out, const char *text, const char *font,
	int width, int align, int dpi)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_text(&t, text,
			"font", font,
			"width", width,
			"align", align,
			"dpi", dpi,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_system(VipsImage *im, const char *cmd, char **out)
{
	VipsArea *area;
	VipsImage **array;
	char *str;

	area = vips_area_new_array_object(1);
	array = (VipsImage **) area->data;
	array[0] = im;

	if (vips_system(cmd,
			"in", area,
			"in_format", "%s.v",
			"log", &str,
			NULL)) {
		vips_area_unref(area);
		return -1;
	}

	vips_area_unref(area);

	if (out)
		*out = str;

	return 0;
}

VipsImage *
im_system_image(VipsImage *im,
	const char *in_format, const char *out_format, const char *cmd_format,
	char **log)
{
	VipsArrayImage *array;
	char *str;
	VipsImage *out;

	array = vips_array_image_newv(1, im);

	/* im will be unreffed when area is unreffed.
	 */
	g_object_ref(im);

	if (vips_system(cmd_format,
			"in", array,
			"out", &out,
			"in_format", in_format,
			"out_format", out_format,
			"log", &str,
			NULL)) {
		vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(array));
		return NULL;
	}

	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(array));

	if (log)
		*log = str;
	else
		g_free(str);

	return out;
}

int
im_wrap(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int x, int y)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_wrap(in, &t, "x", x, "y", y, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rotquad(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return im_wrap(in, out, in->Xsize / 2, in->Ysize / 2);
}

int
im_scaleps(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_scale(in, &t, "log", TRUE, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_zoom(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int xfac, int yfac)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_zoom(in, &t, xfac, yfac, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_subsample(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int xfac, int yfac)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_subsample(in, &t, xfac, yfac, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

static int
vips__math(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsOperationMath math)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_math(in, &t, math,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_sintra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_SIN);
}

int
im_costra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_COS);
}

int
im_tantra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_TAN);
}

int
im_asintra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_ASIN);
}

int
im_acostra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_ACOS);
}

int
im_atantra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_ATAN);
}

int
im_logtra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_LOG);
}

int
im_log10tra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_LOG10);
}

int
im_exptra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_EXP);
}

int
im_exp10tra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__math(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH_EXP10);
}

DOUBLEMASK *
im_stats(VipsImage *in)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	DOUBLEMASK *msk;

	if (vips_stats(in, &t,
			NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2mask(t, "im_stats"))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

DOUBLEMASK *
im_gauss_dmask(const char *filename, double sigma, double min_ampl)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	DOUBLEMASK *msk;

	if (vips_gaussmat(&t, sigma, min_ampl,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_FLOAT,
			NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2mask(t, filename))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

DOUBLEMASK *
im_gauss_dmask_sep(const char *filename, double sigma, double min_ampl)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	DOUBLEMASK *msk;

	if (vips_gaussmat(&t, sigma, min_ampl,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_FLOAT,
			"separable", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2mask(t, filename))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

INTMASK *
im_gauss_imask(const char *filename, double sigma, double min_ampl)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	INTMASK *msk;

	if (vips_gaussmat(&t, sigma, min_ampl, NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2imask(t, filename))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

INTMASK *
im_gauss_imask_sep(const char *filename, double sigma, double min_ampl)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	INTMASK *msk;

	if (vips_gaussmat(&t, sigma, min_ampl,
			"separable", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2imask(t, filename))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

INTMASK *
im_log_imask(const char *filename, double sigma, double min_ampl)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	INTMASK *msk;

	if (vips_logmat(&t, sigma, min_ampl, NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2imask(t, filename))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

DOUBLEMASK *
im_log_dmask(const char *filename, double sigma, double min_ampl)
{
	VipsImage *t;
	DOUBLEMASK *msk;

	if (vips_logmat(&t, sigma, min_ampl,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_FLOAT,
			NULL))
		return NULL;
	if (!(msk = im_vips2mask(t, filename))) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return NULL;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return msk;
}

int
im_recomb(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, DOUBLEMASK *recomb)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_mask2vips(recomb, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_recomb(in, &t2, t1,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_compass(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_compass(in, &t2, t1,
			"times", 8,
			"angle", VIPS_ANGLE45_D45,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lindetect(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_compass(in, &t2, t1,
			"times", 4,
			"angle", VIPS_ANGLE45_D45,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_gradient(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_compass(in, &t2, t1,
			"times", 2,
			"angle", VIPS_ANGLE45_D90,
			"combine", VIPS_COMBINE_SUM,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_convsep_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	im_error("im_convsep_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_convsep(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_convsep(in, &t2, t1,
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_convsep_f_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, DOUBLEMASK *mask)
{
	im_error("im_convsep_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_convsep_f(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, DOUBLEMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_mask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_convsep(in, &t2, t1, NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_conv(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_convi(in, &t2, t1,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_conv_raw(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	im_error("im_conv_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_conv_f(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, DOUBLEMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_mask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_convf(in, &t2, t1,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_aconvsep(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, DOUBLEMASK *mask, int n_layers)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_mask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_convasep(in, &t2, t1,
			"layers", n_layers,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_aconv(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out,
	DOUBLEMASK *mask, int n_layers, int cluster)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_mask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;
	if (vips_conva(in, &t2, t1,
			"layers", n_layers,
			"cluster", cluster,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);
	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_conv_f_raw(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, DOUBLEMASK *mask)
{
	im_error("im_conv_f_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_addgnoise(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double sigma)
{
	IMAGE *t;

	if (!(t = im_open_local(out, "im_addgnoise", "p")) ||
		im_gaussnoise(t, in->Xsize, in->Ysize, 0, sigma) ||
		im_add(in, t, out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_contrast_surface_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int half_win_size, int spacing)
{
	im_error("im_contrast_surface_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

/* This replaces some custom code in 7.36 and earlier. The hand-made one was
 * slower for spacing == 1, though faster for large values of spacing.
 *
 * Not worth maintaining a special operator for.
 */
int
im_contrast_surface(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int half_win_size, int spacing)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array(VIPS_OBJECT(out), 10);
	int size = half_win_size * 2;

	int x, y;

	t[0] = vips_image_new_matrixv(1, 2, -1.0, 1.0);
	t[1] = vips_image_new_matrixv(2, 1, -1.0, 1.0);
	t[8] = vips_image_new_matrix(size, size);

	for (y = 0; y < size; y++)
		for (x = 0; x < size; x++)
			*VIPS_MATRIX(t[8], x, y) = 1.0;

	if (vips_conv(in, &t[2], t[0],
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL) ||
		vips_conv(in, &t[3], t[1],
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL) ||
		vips_abs(t[2], &t[4], NULL) ||
		vips_abs(t[3], &t[5], NULL) ||
		vips_add(t[4], t[5], &t[6], NULL) ||
		vips_conv(t[6], &t[7], t[8],
			"precision", VIPS_PRECISION_INTEGER,
			NULL) ||
		vips_subsample(t[7], &t[9], spacing, spacing, NULL) ||
		vips_image_write(t[9], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_spcor_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *out)
{
	im_error("im_spcor_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_spcor(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("spcor", in, ref, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_fastcor_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *out)
{
	im_error("im_fastcor_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_fastcor(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("fastcor", in, ref, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_sharpen(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int mask_size,
	double x1, double y2, double y3,
	double m1, double m2)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array(VIPS_OBJECT(out), 2);

	/* im_sharpen() always recoded as labq and im_benchmark() depends
	 * upon this behaviour.
	 */
	if (vips_call("sharpen", in, &t[0],
			"sigma", mask_size / 4.0,
			"x1", x1,
			"y2", y2,
			"y3", y3,
			"m1", m1,
			"m2", m2,
			NULL) ||
		vips_colourspace(t[0], &t[1],
			VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABQ, NULL) ||
		vips_image_write(t[1], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static int
vips__round(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsOperationRound round)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_round(in, &t, round,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rint(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__round(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_ROUND_RINT);
}

int
im_floor(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__round(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_ROUND_FLOOR);
}

int
im_ceil(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__round(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_ROUND_CEIL);
}

static int
vips__relational(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out,
	VipsOperationRelational relational)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_relational(in1, in2, &t, relational,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_equal(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__relational(in1, in2, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL);
}

int
im_notequal(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__relational(in1, in2, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ);
}

int
im_less(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__relational(in1, in2, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS);
}

int
im_lesseq(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__relational(in1, in2, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ);
}

int
im_more(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__relational(in1, in2, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE);
}

int
im_moreeq(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__relational(in1, in2, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ);
}

static int
vips__relational_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	VipsOperationRelational relational, double *c, int n)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_relational_const(in, &t, relational, c, n,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_equal_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__relational_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL, c, n);
}

int
im_notequal_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__relational_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ, c, n);
}

int
im_less_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__relational_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS, c, n);
}

int
im_lesseq_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__relational_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ, c, n);
}

int
im_more_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__relational_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE, c, n);
}

int
im_moreeq_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__relational_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ, c, n);
}

int
im_equalconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_equal_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_notequalconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_notequal_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_lessconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_less_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_lesseqconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_lesseq_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_moreconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_more_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_moreeqconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_moreeq_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_remainder(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_remainder(in1, in2, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_remainder_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n, double *c)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_remainder_const(in, &t, c, n,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_remainderconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_remainder_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

static int
vips__boolean(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out,
	VipsOperationBoolean boolean)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_boolean(in1, in2, &t, boolean,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_andimage(VipsImage *in1, VipsImage *in2, VipsImage *out)
{
	return vips__boolean(in1, in2, out, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND);
}

int
im_orimage(VipsImage *in1, VipsImage *in2, VipsImage *out)
{
	return vips__boolean(in1, in2, out, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR);
}

int
im_eorimage(VipsImage *in1, VipsImage *in2, VipsImage *out)
{
	return vips__boolean(in1, in2, out, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR);
}

static int
vips__boolean_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	VipsOperationBoolean boolean, double *c, int n)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_boolean_const(in, &t, boolean, c, n,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_andimage_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__boolean_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND, c, n);
}

int
im_orimage_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__boolean_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR, c, n);
}

int
im_eorimage_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__boolean_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR, c, n);
}

int
im_shiftleft_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__boolean_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LSHIFT, c, n);
}

int
im_shiftright_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__boolean_vec(in, out,
		VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_RSHIFT, c, n);
}

int
im_andimageconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_andimage_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_orimageconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_orimage_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_eorimageconst(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_eorimage_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_shiftleft(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n)
{
	double c = n;

	return im_shiftleft_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_shiftright(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n)
{
	double c = n;

	return im_shiftright_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

static int
vips__math2_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	VipsOperationMath2 math2, double *c, int n)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_math2_const(in, &t, math2, c, n,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_powtra_vec(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__math2_vec(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH2_POW, c, n);
}

int
im_powtra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_powtra_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_expntra_vec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int n, double *c)
{
	return vips__math2_vec(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_MATH2_WOP, c, n);
}

int
im_expntra(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double c)
{
	return im_expntra_vec(in, out, 1, &c);
}

int
im_ifthenelse(VipsImage *c, VipsImage *a, VipsImage *b, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_ifthenelse(c, a, b, &t,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_blend(VipsImage *c, VipsImage *a, VipsImage *b, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_ifthenelse(c, a, b, &t,
			"blend", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

static int
vips__complex(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsOperationComplex cmplx)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_complex(in, &t, cmplx,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_c2amph(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__complex(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_COMPLEX_POLAR);
}

int
im_c2rect(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__complex(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_COMPLEX_RECT);
}

static int
vips__complexget(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsOperationComplexget get)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_complexget(in, &t, get,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_c2real(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__complexget(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_COMPLEXGET_REAL);
}

int
im_c2imag(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	return vips__complexget(in, out, VIPS_OPERATION_COMPLEXGET_IMAG);
}

int
im_ri2c(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("complexform", in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_cache(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out,
	int width, int height, int max)
{
	return vips_sink_screen(in, out, NULL,
		width, height, max, 0, NULL, NULL);
}

int
im_argb2rgba(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out)
{
	/* No longer exists, just a null op.
	 */
	return vips_image_write(in, out);
}

int
im_shrink(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, double xshrink, double yshrink)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_shrink(in, &x, xshrink, yshrink, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_eye(IMAGE *out, const int xsize, const int ysize, const double factor)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_eye(&x, xsize, ysize,
			"factor", factor,
			"uchar", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_feye(IMAGE *out, const int xsize, const int ysize, const double factor)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_eye(&x, xsize, ysize,
			"factor", factor,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_grey(IMAGE *out, const int xsize, const int ysize)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_grey(&x, xsize, ysize,
			"uchar", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_fgrey(IMAGE *out, const int xsize, const int ysize)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_grey(&x, xsize, ysize,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_buildlut(DOUBLEMASK *input, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *mat;
	VipsImage *x;

	mat = vips_image_new();
	if (im_mask2vips(input, mat))
		return -1;
	if (vips_buildlut(mat, &x,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(mat);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(mat);
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_invertlut(DOUBLEMASK *input, VipsImage *out, int size)
{
	VipsImage *mat;
	VipsImage *x;

	mat = vips_image_new();
	if (im_mask2vips(input, mat))
		return -1;
	if (vips_invertlut(mat, &x,
			"size", size,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(mat);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(mat);
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tone_build_range(IMAGE *out,
	int in_max, int out_max,
	double Lb, double Lw,
	double Ps, double Pm, double Ph,
	double S, double M, double H)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_tonelut(&t,
			"in_max", in_max,
			"out_max", out_max,
			"Lb", Lb,
			"Lw", Lw,
			"Ps", Ps,
			"Pm", Pm,
			"Ph", Ph,
			"S", S,
			"M", M,
			"H", H,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tone_build(IMAGE *out,
	double Lb, double Lw,
	double Ps, double Pm, double Ph,
	double S, double M, double H)
{
	IMAGE *t1;

	if (!(t1 = im_open_local(out, "im_tone_build", "p")) ||
		im_tone_build_range(t1, 32767, 32767,
			Lb, Lw, Ps, Pm, Ph, S, M, H) ||
		im_clip2fmt(t1, out, IM_BANDFMT_SHORT))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_rightshift_size(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int xshift, int yshift, int band_fmt)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array(VIPS_OBJECT(out), 2);

	if (vips_shrink(in, &t[0], 1 << xshift, 1 << yshift, NULL) ||
		vips_cast(t[0], &t[1], band_fmt, NULL) ||
		vips_image_write(t[1], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2XYZ_temp(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double X0, double Y0, double Z0)
{
	VipsArea *temp;
	VipsImage *x;

	temp = VIPS_AREA(vips_array_double_newv(3, X0, Y0, Z0));
	if (vips_Lab2XYZ(in, &x, "temp", temp, NULL)) {
		vips_area_unref(temp);
		return -1;
	}
	vips_area_unref(temp);

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2XYZ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_Lab2XYZ(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_XYZ2Lab_temp(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double X0, double Y0, double Z0)
{
	double ary[3];
	VipsArea *temp;
	VipsImage *x;

	ary[0] = X0;
	ary[1] = Y0;
	ary[2] = Z0;
	temp = VIPS_AREA(vips_array_double_new(ary, 3));
	if (vips_XYZ2Lab(in, &x, "temp", temp, NULL)) {
		vips_area_unref(temp);
		return -1;
	}
	vips_area_unref(temp);

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_XYZ2Lab(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_XYZ2Lab(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2LCh(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_Lab2LCh(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_LCh2Lab(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LCh2Lab(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_LCh2UCS(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LCh2CMC(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_UCS2LCh(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_CMC2LCh(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_XYZ2Yxy(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_XYZ2Yxy(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_Yxy2XYZ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_Yxy2XYZ(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_float2rad(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_float2rad(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rad2float(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_rad2float(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2LabQ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_Lab2LabQ(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_LabQ2Lab(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LabQ2Lab(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2LabS(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_Lab2LabS(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_LabS2Lab(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LabS2Lab(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_LabQ2LabS(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LabQ2LabS(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_LabS2LabQ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LabS2LabQ(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2disp(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, struct im_col_display *disp)
{
	IMAGE *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_Lab2disp:1", "p") ||
		im_Lab2XYZ(in, t[0]) ||
		im_XYZ2disp(t[0], out, disp))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_dECMC_fromdisp(IMAGE *im1, IMAGE *im2,
	IMAGE *out, struct im_col_display *d)
{
	IMAGE *t[4];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 4, "im_dECMC_fromdisp:1", "p") ||
		im_disp2XYZ(im1, t[0], d) ||
		im_XYZ2Lab(t[0], t[1]) ||
		im_disp2XYZ(im2, t[2], d) ||
		im_XYZ2Lab(t[2], t[3]) ||
		im_dECMC_fromLab(t[1], t[3], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_dE_fromdisp(IMAGE *im1, IMAGE *im2, IMAGE *out, struct im_col_display *d)
{
	IMAGE *t[2];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 2, "im_dE_fromdisp:1", "p") ||
		im_disp2XYZ(im1, t[0], d) ||
		im_disp2XYZ(im2, t[1], d) ||
		im_dE_fromXYZ(t[0], t[1], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_disp2Lab(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, struct im_col_display *d)
{
	VipsImage *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_disp2Lab:1", "p") ||
		im_disp2XYZ(in, t[0], d) ||
		im_XYZ2Lab(t[0], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_sRGB2XYZ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array((VipsObject *) out, 2);

	if (vips_sRGB2scRGB(in, &t[0], NULL) ||
		vips_scRGB2XYZ(t[0], &t[1], NULL) ||
		vips_image_write(t[1], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_XYZ2sRGB(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array((VipsObject *) out, 2);

	if (vips_XYZ2scRGB(in, &t[0], NULL) ||
		vips_scRGB2sRGB(t[0], &t[1], NULL) ||
		vips_image_write(t[1], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_LabQ2sRGB(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_LabQ2sRGB(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_icc_transform(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out,
	const char *input_profile_filename,
	const char *output_profile_filename,
	VipsIntent intent)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_icc_transform(in, &x, output_profile_filename,
			"input_profile", input_profile_filename,
			"intent", intent,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_icc_import(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out,
	const char *input_profile_filename, VipsIntent intent)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_icc_import(in, &x,
			"input_profile", input_profile_filename,
			"intent", intent,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_icc_import_embedded(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsIntent intent)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_icc_import(in, &x,
			"embedded", TRUE,
			"intent", intent,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_icc_export_depth(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int depth,
	const char *output_profile_filename, VipsIntent intent)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_icc_export(in, &x,
			"output_profile", output_profile_filename,
			"depth", depth,
			"intent", intent,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * im_LabQ2XYZ:
 * @in: input image
 * @out: output image
 *
 * Convert an image from LabQ (Coding == IM_CODING_LABQ) to XYZ.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error.
 */
int
im_LabQ2XYZ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_LabQ2XYZ:1", "p") ||
		im_LabQ2Lab(in, t[0]) ||
		im_Lab2XYZ(t[0], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_Lab2UCS(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_Lab2UCS:1", "p") ||
		im_Lab2LCh(in, t[0]) ||
		im_LCh2UCS(t[0], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_UCS2Lab(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_UCS2Lab:1", "p") ||
		im_UCS2LCh(in, t[0]) ||
		im_LCh2Lab(t[0], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_UCS2XYZ(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_UCS2XYZ:1", "p") ||
		im_UCS2Lab(in, t[0]) ||
		im_Lab2XYZ(t[0], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_XYZ2UCS(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[1];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 1, "im_XYZ2UCS:1", "p") ||
		im_XYZ2Lab(in, t[0]) ||
		im_Lab2UCS(t[0], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_dE_fromXYZ(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[2];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 2, "im_dE_fromXYZ:1", "p") ||
		im_XYZ2Lab(in1, t[0]) ||
		im_XYZ2Lab(in2, t[1]) ||
		im_dE_fromLab(t[0], t[1], out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_dE_fromLab(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_dE76(in1, in2, &x,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_dECMC_fromLab(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_dECMC(in1, in2, &x,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_dE00_fromLab(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_dE00(in1, in2, &x,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_icc_ac2rc(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, const char *profile_filename)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_icc_ac2rc(in, &x, profile_filename))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_quadratic(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, IMAGE *coeff)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_quadratic(in, &x, coeff,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_maxpos_vec(VipsImage *im, int *xpos, int *ypos, double *maxima, int n)
{
	double max;
	VipsArrayDouble *out_array;
	VipsArrayInt *x_array;
	VipsArrayInt *y_array;

	if (vips_max(im, &max,
			"size", n,
			"out_array", &out_array,
			"x_array", &x_array,
			"y_array", &y_array,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	memcpy(xpos, VIPS_ARRAY_ADDR(x_array, 0), n * sizeof(int));
	memcpy(ypos, VIPS_ARRAY_ADDR(y_array, 0), n * sizeof(int));
	memcpy(maxima, VIPS_ARRAY_ADDR(out_array, 0), n * sizeof(double));

	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(out_array));
	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(x_array));
	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(y_array));

	return 0;
}

int
im_minpos_vec(VipsImage *im, int *xpos, int *ypos, double *minima, int n)
{
	double min;
	VipsArrayDouble *out_array;
	VipsArrayInt *x_array;
	VipsArrayInt *y_array;

	if (vips_min(im, &min,
			"size", n,
			"out_array", &out_array,
			"x_array", &x_array,
			"y_array", &y_array,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	memcpy(xpos, VIPS_ARRAY_ADDR(x_array, 0), n * sizeof(int));
	memcpy(ypos, VIPS_ARRAY_ADDR(y_array, 0), n * sizeof(int));
	memcpy(minima, VIPS_ARRAY_ADDR(out_array, 0), n * sizeof(double));

	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(out_array));
	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(x_array));
	vips_area_unref(VIPS_AREA(y_array));

	return 0;
}

int
im_cross_phase(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_call("cross_phase", in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_maplut(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, IMAGE *lut)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_maplut(in, &x, lut, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_ismonotonic(IMAGE *lut, int *out)
{
	gboolean monotonic;

	if (vips_hist_ismonotonic(lut, &monotonic, NULL))
		return -1;

	*out = monotonic ? 255 : 0;

	return 0;
}

int
im_histcum(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_cum(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_histnorm(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_norm(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_histeq(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t1;

	if (!(t1 = im_open_local(out, "im_histeq", "p")) ||
		im_histcum(in, t1) ||
		im_histnorm(t1, out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_heq(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int bandno)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_equal(in, &x, "band", bandno, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_hist(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int bandno)
{
	IMAGE *hist;

	if (!(hist = im_open_local(out, "im_hist", "p")) ||
		im_histgr(in, hist, bandno) ||
		im_histplot(hist, out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_histgr(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int bandno)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_find(in, &x,
			"band", bandno,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_stdif(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	double a, double m0, double b, double s0,
	int width, int height)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_stdif(in, &x, width, height,
			"a", a,
			"b", b,
			"m0", m0,
			"s0", s0,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lhisteq(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int width, int height)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_local(in, &x, width, height, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_histnD(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, int bins)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_find_ndim(in, &x,
			"bins", bins,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_hist_indexed(VipsImage *index, VipsImage *value, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_find_indexed(value, index, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_project(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *hout, IMAGE *vout)
{
	VipsImage *x, *y;

	if (vips_project(in, &x, &y, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, hout)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		g_object_unref(y);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	if (vips_image_write(y, vout)) {
		g_object_unref(y);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(y);

	return 0;
}

int
im_profile(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int dir)
{
	VipsImage *columns, *rows;
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (vips_profile(in, &columns, &rows, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (dir == 0) {
		t1 = columns;
		g_object_unref(rows);
	}
	else {
		t1 = rows;
		g_object_unref(columns);
	}

	if (vips_cast(t1, &t2, VIPS_FORMAT_USHORT, NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);

	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_erode(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;

	if (vips_morph(in, &t2, t1, VIPS_OPERATION_MORPHOLOGY_ERODE,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);

	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_erode_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *m)
{
	return im_erode(in, out, m);
}

int
im_dilate(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *mask)
{
	VipsImage *t1, *t2;

	if (!(t1 = vips_image_new()) ||
		im_imask2vips(mask, t1))
		return -1;

	if (vips_morph(in, &t2, t1, VIPS_OPERATION_MORPHOLOGY_DILATE,
			NULL)) {
		g_object_unref(t1);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t1);

	if (vips_image_write(t2, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t2);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t2);

	return 0;
}

int
im_dilate_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, INTMASK *m)
{
	return im_dilate(in, out, m);
}

int
im_mpercent(IMAGE *in, double percent, int *out)
{
	if (vips_percent(in, percent * 100.0, out, NULL))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_mpercent_hist(IMAGE *in, double percent, int *out)
{
	/* Hard to do this in a wrapper.
	 */
	vips_error("im_mpercent_hist", "%s", _("no compat implemented"));

	return -1;
}

int
im_hsp(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[3];

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 3, "im_hsp", "p") ||
		im_histgr(in, t[0], -1) ||
		im_histgr(ref, t[1], -1) ||
		im_histspec(t[0], t[1], t[2]) ||
		im_maplut(in, out, t[2]))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static int
match(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *ref, VipsImage *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_match(in, ref, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_histspec(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[5];
	guint64 px;
	int fmt;

	if (im_check_uint("im_histspec", in) ||
		im_check_uint("im_histspec", ref))
		return -1;

	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 5, "im_histspec", "p") ||
		im_histeq(in, t[0]) ||
		im_histeq(ref, t[2]) ||
		match(t[0], t[2], t[4]))
		return -1;

	px = VIPS_IMAGE_N_PELS(t[4]);
	if (px <= 256)
		fmt = IM_BANDFMT_UCHAR;
	else if (px <= 65536)
		fmt = IM_BANDFMT_USHORT;
	else
		fmt = IM_BANDFMT_UINT;

	if (im_clip2fmt(t[4], out, fmt))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_falsecolour(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_falsecolour(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_gammacorrect(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double exponent)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_gamma(in, &x,
			"exponent", 1.0 / exponent,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

/* This is used by the carrierwave shrinker to cache the
 * output of shrink before doing the final affine.
 *
 * We use the vips8 threaded tilecache to avoid a deadlock: suppose thread1,
 * evaluating the top block of the output is delayed, and thread2, evaluating
 * the second block gets here first (this can happen on a heavily-loaded
 * system).
 *
 * With an unthreaded tilecache (as we had before), thread2 will get
 * the cache lock and start evaling the second block of the shrink. When it
 * reaches the png reader it will stall until the first block has been used ...
 * but it never will, since thread1 will block on this cache lock.
 *
 * This function is only used in this place (I think), so it's OK to
 * hard-wire this to be a sequential threaded cache.
 */
int
im_tile_cache(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int tile_width, int tile_height, int max_tiles)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_tilecache(in, &x,
			"tile_width", tile_width,
			"tile_height", tile_height,
			"max_tiles", max_tiles,
			"access", VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL,
			"threaded", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

/* This is the one used by nip2's menu for caching images. Random access and
 * persistent.
 */
int
im_tile_cache_random(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out,
	int tile_width, int tile_height, int max_tiles)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_tilecache(in, &x,
			"tile_width", tile_width,
			"tile_height", tile_height,
			"max_tiles", max_tiles,
			"access", VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM,
			"persistent", TRUE,
			"threaded", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

static int
im__affinei(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out,
	VipsInterpolate *interpolate, VipsTransformation *trn)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array(VIPS_OBJECT(out), 2);

	VipsArea *oarea;
	gboolean repack;

	oarea = VIPS_AREA(vips_array_int_newv(4,
		trn->oarea.left, trn->oarea.top,
		trn->oarea.width, trn->oarea.height));

	/* vips7 affine would repack labq and im_benchmark() depends upon
	 * this.
	 */
	repack = in->Coding == IM_CODING_LABQ;

	if (vips_affine(in, &t[0],
			trn->a, trn->b, trn->c, trn->d,
			"interpolate", interpolate,
			"oarea", oarea,
			"odx", trn->odx,
			"ody", trn->ody,
			NULL)) {
		vips_area_unref(oarea);
		return -1;
	}
	vips_area_unref(oarea);
	in = t[0];

	if (repack) {
		if (vips_colourspace(in, &t[1],
				VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABQ, NULL))
			return -1;
		in = t[1];
	}

	if (vips_image_write(in, out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int
im_affinei(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsInterpolate *interpolate,
	double a, double b, double c, double d, double odx, double ody,
	int ox, int oy, int ow, int oh)
{
	VipsTransformation trn;

	trn.iarea.left = 0;
	trn.iarea.top = 0;
	trn.iarea.width = in->Xsize;
	trn.iarea.height = in->Ysize;

	trn.oarea.left = ox;
	trn.oarea.top = oy;
	trn.oarea.width = ow;
	trn.oarea.height = oh;

	trn.a = a;
	trn.b = b;
	trn.c = c;
	trn.d = d;
	trn.idx = 0;
	trn.idy = 0;
	trn.odx = odx;
	trn.ody = ody;

	return im__affinei(in, out, interpolate, &trn);
}

int
im_affinei_all(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsInterpolate *interpolate,
	double a, double b, double c, double d, double odx, double ody)
{
	VipsTransformation trn;

	trn.iarea.left = 0;
	trn.iarea.top = 0;
	trn.iarea.width = in->Xsize;
	trn.iarea.height = in->Ysize;
	trn.a = a;
	trn.b = b;
	trn.c = c;
	trn.d = d;
	trn.idx = 0;
	trn.idy = 0;
	trn.odx = odx;
	trn.ody = ody;

	vips__transform_set_area(&trn);

	return im__affinei(in, out, interpolate, &trn);
}

/* Still needed by some parts of mosaic.
 */
int
vips__affine(VipsImage *in, VipsImage *out, VipsTransformation *trn)
{
	return im__affinei(in, out,
		vips_interpolate_bilinear_static(), trn);
}

int
im_copy_file(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_copy_file(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_video_v4l1(IMAGE *im, const char *device,
	int channel, int brightness, int colour, int contrast, int hue,
	int ngrabs)
{
	im_error("im_video_v4l1",
		"%s", _("compiled without im_video_v4l1 support"));
	return -1;
}

int
im_fwfft(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_fwfft(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_invfft(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_invfft(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_invfftr(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_invfft(in, &x,
			"real", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_freqflt(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *mask, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_freqmult(in, mask, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_disp_ps(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_spectrum(in, &t, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_fractsurf(IMAGE *out, int size, double frd)
{
	VipsImage *t;

	if (vips_fractsurf(&t, size, size, frd, NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(t, out)) {
		g_object_unref(t);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(t);

	return 0;
}

int
im_phasecor_fft(IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_phasecor(in1, in2, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_cntlines(VipsImage *im, double *nolines, int flag)
{
	return vips_countlines(im, nolines,
		flag == 0 ? VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL : VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL,
		NULL);
}

int
im_label_regions(IMAGE *test, IMAGE *mask, int *segments)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_labelregions(test, &x, "segments", segments, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, mask)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rank(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int width, int height, int index)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_rank(in, &x, width, height, index, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_rank_raw(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, int width, int height, int index)
{
	im_error("im_rank_raw", "no compat function");
	return -1;
}

int
im_draw_circle(VipsImage *image,
	int x, int y, int radius, gboolean fill, VipsPel *ink)
{
	double *vec;
	int n;

	if (!(vec = vips__ink_to_vector("im_draw_circle", image, ink, &n)))
		return -1;

	return vips_draw_circle(image, vec, n, x, y, radius,
		"fill", fill,
		NULL);
}

int
im_draw_line(VipsImage *image, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, VipsPel *ink)
{
	double *vec;
	int n;

	if (!(vec = vips__ink_to_vector("im_draw_line", image, ink, &n)))
		return -1;

	return vips_draw_line(image, vec, n, x1, y1, x2, y2, NULL);
}

typedef struct _Line {
	VipsPlotFn plot;
	void *a;
	void *b;
	void *c;
} Line;

static void
draw_line_wrapper(VipsImage *image, int x, int y, void *client)
{
	Line *line = (Line *) client;

	line->plot(image, x, y, line->a, line->b, line->c);
}

int
im_draw_line_user(VipsImage *image,
	int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
	VipsPlotFn plot, void *a, void *b, void *c)
{
	Line line;

	line.plot = plot;
	line.a = a;
	line.b = b;
	line.c = c;

	vips__draw_line_direct(image, x1, y1, x2, y2,
		draw_line_wrapper, &line);

	return 0;
}

int
im_draw_mask(VipsImage *image, VipsImage *mask, int x, int y, VipsPel *ink)
{
	/* Direct call, since this has to be very quick.
	 */
	return vips__draw_mask_direct(image, mask, ink, x, y);
}

int
im_draw_image(VipsImage *image, VipsImage *sub, int x, int y)
{
	return vips_draw_image(image, sub, x, y, NULL);
}

int
im_draw_rect(IMAGE *image,
	int left, int top, int width, int height, int fill, VipsPel *ink)
{
	double *vec;
	int n;

	if (!(vec = vips__ink_to_vector("im_draw_rect", image, ink, &n)))
		return -1;

	return vips_draw_rect(image, vec, n, left, top, width, height,
		"fill", fill,
		NULL);
}

int
im_draw_point(VipsImage *image, int x, int y, VipsPel *ink)
{
	double *vec;
	int n;

	if (!(vec = vips__ink_to_vector("im_draw_rect", image, ink, &n)))
		return -1;

	return vips_draw_point(image, vec, n, x, y, NULL);
}

int
im_draw_smudge(VipsImage *im, int left, int top, int width, int height)
{
	return vips_draw_smudge(im, left, top, width, height, NULL);
}

int
im_read_point(VipsImage *image, int x, int y, VipsPel *ink)
{
	double *vector;
	int n;
	VipsPel *pixel_vector;

	if (vips_getpoint(image, &vector, &n, x, y, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (!(pixel_vector = vips__vector_to_ink("im_read_point",
			  image, vector, NULL, n))) {
		g_free(vector);
		return -1;
	}

	memcpy(ink, pixel_vector, VIPS_IMAGE_SIZEOF_PEL(image));

	g_free(vector);

	return 0;
}

int
im_draw_flood(IMAGE *image, int x, int y, VipsPel *ink, Rect *dout)
{
	double *vec;
	int n;
	int left;
	int top;
	int width;
	int height;

	if (!(vec = vips__ink_to_vector("im_draw_flood", image, ink, &n)))
		return -1;

	if (vips_draw_flood(image, vec, n, x, y,
			"left", &left,
			"top", &top,
			"width", &width,
			"height", &height,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (dout) {
		dout->left = left;
		dout->top = top;
		dout->width = width;
		dout->height = height;
	}

	return 0;
}

int
im_draw_flood_blob(IMAGE *image, int x, int y, VipsPel *ink, Rect *dout)
{
	double *vec;
	int n;
	int left;
	int top;
	int width;
	int height;

	if (!(vec = vips__ink_to_vector("im_draw_flood", image, ink, &n)))
		return -1;

	if (vips_draw_flood(image, vec, n, x, y,
			"equal", TRUE,
			"left", &left,
			"top", &top,
			"width", &width,
			"height", &height,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (dout) {
		dout->left = left;
		dout->top = top;
		dout->width = width;
		dout->height = height;
	}

	return 0;
}

int
im_draw_flood_other(IMAGE *image,
	IMAGE *test, int x, int y, int serial, Rect *dout)
{
	int left;
	int top;
	int width;
	int height;

	if (vips_draw_flood1(image, serial, x, y,
			"test", test,
			"equal", TRUE,
			"left", &left,
			"top", &top,
			"width", &width,
			"height", &height,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (dout) {
		dout->left = left;
		dout->top = top;
		dout->width = width;
		dout->height = height;
	}

	return 0;
}

int
im_lineset(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, IMAGE *mask, IMAGE *ink,
	int n, int *x1v, int *y1v, int *x2v, int *y2v)
{
	Rect mask_rect;
	int i;

	if (mask->Bands != 1 || mask->BandFmt != IM_BANDFMT_UCHAR ||
		mask->Coding != IM_CODING_NONE) {
		im_error("im_lineset",
			"%s", _("mask image not 1 band 8 bit uncoded"));
		return -1;
	}
	if (ink->Bands != in->Bands || ink->BandFmt != in->BandFmt ||
		ink->Coding != in->Coding) {
		im_error("im_lineset",
			"%s", _("ink image does not match in image"));
		return -1;
	}
	if (ink->Xsize != 1 || ink->Ysize != 1) {
		im_error("im_lineset", "%s", _("ink image not 1x1 pixels"));
		return -1;
	}

	/* Copy the image then fastline to it ... this will render to a "t"
	 * usually.
	 */
	if (vips_image_write(in, out))
		return -1;

	mask_rect.left = mask->Xsize / 2;
	mask_rect.top = mask->Ysize / 2;
	mask_rect.width = mask->Xsize;
	mask_rect.height = mask->Ysize;

	if (im_incheck(ink) ||
		im_incheck(mask))
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (im_fastlineuser(out, x1v[i], y1v[i], x2v[i], y2v[i],
				(VipsPlotFn) im_plotmask, ink->data, mask->data, &mask_rect))
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int
im_match_linear_search(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int ys1,
	int xr2, int yr2, int xs2, int ys2,
	int hwindowsize, int hsearchsize)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_match(ref, sec, &x,
			xr1, yr1, xs1, ys1, xr2, yr2, xs2, ys2,
			"search", TRUE,
			"hwindow", hwindowsize,
			"harea", hsearchsize,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_match_linear(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int ys1,
	int xr2, int yr2, int xs2, int ys2)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_match(ref, sec, &x,
			xr1, yr1, xs1, ys1, xr2, yr2, xs2, ys2,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_global_balance(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double gamma)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_globalbalance(in, &x,
			"gamma", gamma,
			"int_output", TRUE,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_histplot(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_hist_plot(in, &x, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_global_balancef(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, double gamma)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_globalbalance(in, &x,
			"gamma", gamma,
			NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_remosaic(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, const char *old_str, const char *new_str)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_remosaic(in, &x, old_str, new_str, NULL))
		return -1;

	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lrmosaic(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int bandno,
	int xref, int yref, int xsec, int ysec,
	int hwindowsize, int hsearchsize,
	int balancetype,
	int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_mosaic(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL,
			xref, yref, xsec, ysec,
			"hwindow", hwindowsize,
			"harea", hsearchsize,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lrmosaic1(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int bandno,
	int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int ys1,
	int xr2, int yr2, int xs2, int ys2,
	int hwindowsize, int hsearchsize,
	int balancetype,
	int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_mosaic1(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL,
			xr1, yr1, xs1, ys1, xr2, yr2, xs2, ys2,
			"search", TRUE,
			"hwindow", hwindowsize,
			"harea", hsearchsize,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tbmosaic(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int bandno,
	int xref, int yref, int xsec, int ysec,
	int hwindowsize, int hsearchsize,
	int balancetype,
	int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_mosaic(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL,
			xref, yref, xsec, ysec,
			"hwindow", hwindowsize,
			"harea", hsearchsize,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tbmosaic1(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int bandno,
	int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int ys1,
	int xr2, int yr2, int xs2, int ys2,
	int hwindowsize, int hsearchsize,
	int balancetype,
	int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_mosaic1(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL,
			xr1, yr1, xs1, ys1, xr2, yr2, xs2, ys2,
			"search", TRUE,
			"hwindow", hwindowsize,
			"harea", hsearchsize,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_correl(VipsImage *ref, VipsImage *sec,
	int xref, int yref, int xsec, int ysec,
	int hwindowsize, int hsearchsize,
	double *correlation, int *x, int *y)
{
	return vips__correl(ref, sec, xref, yref, xsec, ysec,
		hwindowsize, hsearchsize, correlation, x, y);
}

int
im_lrmerge(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int dx, int dy, int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_merge(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL, dx, dy,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_lrmerge1(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int ys1,
	int xr2, int yr2, int xs2, int ys2,
	int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_mosaic1(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL,
			xr1, yr1, xs1, ys1, xr2, yr2, xs2, ys2,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tbmerge(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int dx, int dy, int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_merge(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL, dx, dy,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

int
im_tbmerge1(IMAGE *ref, IMAGE *sec, IMAGE *out,
	int xr1, int yr1, int xs1, int ys1,
	int xr2, int yr2, int xs2, int ys2,
	int mwidth)
{
	VipsImage *x;

	if (vips_mosaic1(ref, sec, &x, VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL,
			xr1, yr1, xs1, ys1, xr2, yr2, xs2, ys2,
			"mblend", mwidth,
			NULL))
		return -1;
	if (vips_image_write(x, out)) {
		g_object_unref(x);
		return -1;
	}
	g_object_unref(x);

	return 0;
}

/* The common part of most binary conversion
 * operators. We:
 *
 * - check in and out
 * - cast in1 and in2 up to a common format
 * - equalise bands
 * - make an input array
 * - return the matched images in vec[0] and vec[1]
 *
 * A left-over, remove soon.
 */
IMAGE **
im__insert_base(const char *domain,
	IMAGE *in1, IMAGE *in2, IMAGE *out)
{
	IMAGE *t[4];
	IMAGE **vec;

	if (im_piocheck(in1, out) ||
		im_pincheck(in2) ||
		im_check_bands_1orn(domain, in1, in2) ||
		im_check_coding_known(domain, in1) ||
		im_check_coding_same(domain, in1, in2))
		return NULL;

	/* Cast our input images up to a common format and bands.
	 */
	if (im_open_local_array(out, t, 4, domain, "p") ||
		im__formatalike(in1, in2, t[0], t[1]) ||
		im__bandalike(domain, t[0], t[1], t[2], t[3]) ||
		!(vec = im_allocate_input_array(out, t[2], t[3], NULL)))
		return NULL;

	/* Generate the output.
	 */
	if (im_cp_descv(out, vec[0], vec[1], NULL) ||
		im_demand_hint_array(out, IM_SMALLTILE, vec))
		return NULL;

	return vec;
}

/**
 * im_insertset:
 * @main: big image
 * @sub: small image
 * @out: output image
 * @n: number of positions
 * @x: left positions of @sub
 * @y: top positions of @sub
 *
 * Insert @sub repeatedly into @main at the positions listed in the arrays @x,
 * @y of length @n. @out is the same
 * size as @main. @sub is clipped against the edges of @main.
 *
 * This operation is fast for large @n, but will use a memory buffer the size
 * of @out. It's useful for things like making scatter plots.
 *
 * If the number of bands differs, one of the images
 * must have one band. In this case, an n-band image is formed from the
 * one-band image by joining n copies of the one-band image together, and then
 * the two n-band images are operated upon.
 *
 * The two input images are cast up to the smallest common type (see table
 * Smallest common format in
 * <link linkend="VIPS-arithmetic">arithmetic</link>).
 *
 * See also: im_insert(), im_lrjoin().
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error
 */
int
im_insertset(IMAGE *main, IMAGE *sub, IMAGE *out, int n, int *x, int *y)
{
	IMAGE **vec;
	IMAGE *t;
	int i;

	if (!(vec = im__insert_base("im_insert", main, sub, out)))
		return -1;

	/* Copy to a memory image, zap that, then copy to out.
	 */
	if (!(t = im_open_local(out, "im_insertset", "t")) ||
		im_copy(vec[0], t))
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (im_insertplace(t, vec[1], x[i], y[i]))
			return -1;

	if (im_copy(t, out))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

/* We had this entry point in earlier libvipses, hilariously.
 */
int
vips__init(const char *argv0)
{
	return vips_init(argv0);
}

int
im_greyc_mask(IMAGE *in, IMAGE *out, IMAGE *mask,
	int iterations,
	float amplitude, float sharpness, float anisotropy,
	float alpha, float sigma,
	float dl, float da, float gauss_prec,
	int interpolation, int fast_approx)
{
	vips_error("im_greyc_mask",
		"This function is no longer in the core library");

	return -1;
}

int
vips_check_imask(const char *domain, INTMASK *mask)
{
	if (!mask ||
		mask->xsize > 1000 ||
		mask->ysize > 1000 ||
		mask->xsize <= 0 ||
		mask->ysize <= 0 ||
		mask->scale == 0 ||
		!mask->coeff) {
		vips_error(domain, "%s", _("nonsense mask parameters"));
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int
vips_check_dmask(const char *domain, DOUBLEMASK *mask)
{
	if (!mask ||
		mask->xsize > 1000 ||
		mask->ysize > 1000 ||
		mask->xsize <= 0 ||
		mask->ysize <= 0 ||
		mask->scale == 0 ||
		!mask->coeff) {
		vips_error(domain, "%s", _("nonsense mask parameters"));
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int
vips_check_dmask_1d(const char *domain, DOUBLEMASK *mask)
{
	if (vips_check_dmask(domain, mask))
		return -1;
	if (mask->xsize != 1 &&
		mask->ysize != 1) {
		vips_error(domain, "%s", _("mask must be 1D"));
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

GOptionGroup *
vips_get_option_group(void)
{
	static GOptionGroup *option_group = NULL;

	if (!option_group) {
		option_group = g_option_group_new("vips",
			_("VIPS Options"), _("Show VIPS options"),
			NULL, NULL);
		vips_add_option_entries(option_group);
	}

	return option_group;
}

/* We used to use this for system() back in the day. But it's awkward to make
 * it work properly on win32, so this is now deprecated.
 */
FILE *
vips_popenf(const char *fmt, const char *mode, ...)
{
	vips_error("popenf", "%s", _("deprecated"));
	return NULL;
}

/* We used to use this for getpoint(), but since it was the only caller in
 * vips8 it's now deprecated.
 */
double *
vips__ink_to_vector(const char *domain, VipsImage *im, VipsPel *ink, int *n)
{
	VipsImage **t = (VipsImage **)
		vips_object_local_array(VIPS_OBJECT(im), 6);

	double *result;

#ifdef VIPS_DEBUG
	printf("vips__ink_to_vector: starting\n");
#endif /*VIPS_DEBUG*/

	/* Wrap a VipsImage around ink.
	 */
	t[0] = vips_image_new_from_memory(ink, VIPS_IMAGE_SIZEOF_PEL(im),
		1, 1, VIPS_IMAGE_SIZEOF_PEL(im), VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
	if (vips_copy(t[0], &t[1],
			"bands", im->Bands,
			"format", im->BandFmt,
			"coding", im->Coding,
			"interpretation", im->Type,
			NULL))
		return NULL;

	/* The image may be coded .. unpack to double.
	 */
	if (vips_image_decode(t[1], &t[2]) ||
		vips_cast(t[2], &t[3], VIPS_FORMAT_DOUBLE, NULL))
		return NULL;

	/* To a mem buffer, then copy to out.
	 */
	if (!(t[4] = vips_image_new_memory()) ||
		vips_image_write(t[3], t[4]))
		return NULL;

	if (!(result = VIPS_ARRAY(im, t[4]->Bands, double)))
		return NULL;
	memcpy(result, t[4]->data, VIPS_IMAGE_SIZEOF_PEL(t[4]));
	*n = t[4]->Bands;

#ifdef VIPS_DEBUG
	{
		int i;

		printf("vips__ink_to_vector:\n");
		printf("\tink = ");
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
			printf("%d ", ink[i]);
		printf("\n");

		printf("\tvec = ");
		for (i = 0; i < *n; i++)
			printf("%g ", result[i]);
		printf("\n");
	}
#endif /*VIPS_DEBUG*/

	return result;
}

/* Old API. Just a compat stub now.
 */
VipsWindow *
vips_window_ref(VipsImage *im, int top, int height)
{
	return NULL;
}

/* Deprecated.
 */
size_t
vips__get_sizeof_vipsobject(void)
{
	return sizeof(VipsObject);
}