BUILDING

Building Chez Scheme Version 9.5.5
Copyright 1984-2020 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This directory contains the sources for Chez Scheme, plus boot and header
files for various supported machine types.

BASICS

Building and installing Chez Scheme on a recent version of Linux or OS X
is typically as simple as installing the prerequisites listed below and
running (Windows build instructions appear under the heading WINDOWS
later in this file):

./configure
sudo make install

This should not take more than a minute or so, after which the commands
'scheme' and 'petite' can be used to run Chez Scheme and Petite Chez
Scheme, while 'man scheme' and 'man petite' can be used to view the
manual pages.  Chez Scheme and Petite Chez Scheme are terminal-based
programs, not GUIs.  They both incorporate sophisticated command-line
editing reminiscent of tcsh but with support for expressions that span
multiple lines.

Prerequisites:

* GNU Make
* gcc
* Header files and libraries for ncurses   [unless --disable-curses]
* Header files and libraries for X windows [unless --disable-x11]
* Header files and libraries for uuid

Uninstalling on Unix-like systems is as simple as running:

sudo make uninstall

BUILDING VERSION 9.5 AND EARLIER

If the environment variable CHEZSCHEMELIBDIRS is set, please unset
it before running make.  Depending on the variable's value, it can
cause the build process to fail.

DETAILS

The sources for Chez Scheme come in two parts:

* A set of Scheme source files found in the subdirectory s.  Compiling
  these produces the boot files petite.boot and scheme.boot, along with
  two header files, equates.h and scheme.h.

* A set of C source files found in the subdirectory c.  Compiling and
  linking these files produces the executable scheme (scheme.exe under
  Windows).  Compiling the C sources requires the two header files
  produced by compiling the Scheme sources.

Since the Scheme sources can be compiled only by a working version of
Chez Scheme, it's not actually possible to build Chez Scheme from source.
That's why the boot and header files are packaged with the sources.

'./configure' attempts to determine what type of machine it's on and,
if successful, creates several files and directories:

* The directory nanopass containing the Nanopass Infrastructure,
  retrieved from GitHub.

* A make file, Makefile, in the root (top level) directory.

* A "workarea", or subdirectory named for the machine type (e.g.,
  a6le for nonthreaded 64-bit linux).  The workarea is a mirror of
  the root directory, with subdirectories named c, s, and so on.
  Compilation takes place in the workarea.

* Within the workarea, the files Makefile, Mf-install, and Mf-boot.

'./configure' recognizes various options for controlling the type
of build and the installation location.  For example, '--threads'
requests a build with support for native threads, '--32' requests
a 32-bit build, and '--installprefix <pathname>' specifies the
installation root.  './configure --help' prints the supported
options.

The make file supports several targets:

'make' or 'make build'
  compiles and links the C sources to produce the executable, then
  bootstraps the Scheme sources.  Bootstrapping involves using the
  freshly built scheme executable along with the distributed boot files
  to compile the Scheme sources.  If the new boot files are equivalent
  to the old boot files, the system is bootstrapped.  Otherwise, the new
  boot files are used to create a newer set, and those are compared.
  If this succeeds, the system is bootstrapped.  Otherwise, the make
  fails.  This should not fail unless the distributed boot files are
  out of sync with the sources.

  When you make a modification to the system that causes the C side to
  get out of sync with the Scheme side so that the build fails, try
  the following from $W if you have a recent version of Chez Scheme
  installed in your path:

    make -C s clean all patchfile=patch Scheme=scheme SCHEMEHEAPDIRS={see below}
    make build

  Set SCHEMEHEAPDIRS to /usr/lib/csv%v/%m:/usr/local/lib/csv%v/%m on
  Unix-like systems and to %x/../../boot/%m on Windows systems.

  Alternatively, if you have a build before the changes at full path
  <orig>, use

    make from-orig ORIG=<orig>

  To run Chez Scheme without installing, you need to tell the
  executable where to find the boot files.  The run target of the
  makefile will do that

    make run

  or this can be done manually via command-line arguments, e.g.:

    $W/bin/$M/scheme -b $W/boot/$M/petite.boot -b $W/boot/$M/scheme.boot

  or by setting the SCHEMEHEAPDIRS variable to point to the directory
  containing the boot files.  For example, in bash:

    SCHEMEHEAPDIRS=$W/boot/$M $W/bin/$M/scheme

  and in tcsh:

    setenv SCHEMEHEAPDIRS "$W/boot/$M"
    $W/bin/$M/scheme

  In all cases, $W should be replaced with the name of the workarea,
  and $M should be replaced with the machine type.  (Unless the default
  is overridden via an argument to ./configure, $W is the same as $M.)

'sudo make install'
  runs the build plus installs the resulting executables, boot files,
  example files, and manual pages.  If the installprefix used with
  './configure' is writable by the current user, then 'sudo' is not
  necessary.

'sudo make uninstall'
  uninstalls the executables, boot files, example files, and manual pages.
  As with 'make install', if the installprefix used with './configure' is
  writable by the current user, then 'sudo' is not necessary.

'make test'
  runs the build plus runs a set of test programs in various different
  ways, e.g., with different compiler options.  It can take 30 minutes
  or more, depending on the speed of the machine.  It produces voluminous
  output, so it's best to redirect its stdout and stderr to a file.

  NB: A complete run does not imply no errors occurred.  To check for
  errors, look at the file $W/mats/summary, where $W is the name of the
  workarea created by ./configure.  $W/mats/summary should contain one
  line per test run, something like this:

  -------- o=0 --------
  -------- o=3 --------
  -------- o=0 cp0=t --------
  -------- o=3 cp0=t --------
  -------- o=0 spi=t p=t --------
  -------- o=3 spi=t p=t --------
  -------- o=0 eval=interpret --------
  -------- o=3 eval=interpret --------
  -------- o=0 cp0=t eval=interpret --------
  -------- o=3 cp0=t eval=interpret --------
  -------- o=0 ehc=t eoc=f --------
  -------- o=3 ehc=t eval=interpret --------

  If there is anything else in $W/mats/summary, something unexpected
  occurred.

'make bootfiles'
  runs the build plus uses the locally built system to recreate the
  distributed boot and header files for each supported machine type.
  It should be run whenever modifications made to the Scheme sources
  are to be committed to the source-code repository so that up-to-date
  boot and header files can be committed as well.  'make bootfiles'
  can take 5 minutes or more.

  'make bootfiles' builds boot files for each machine type for which
  a subdirectory exists in the top-level boot directory.  To build
  for a supported machine type that isn't built by default, simply
  add the appropriate subdirectory, i.e., 'mkdir boot/$M', where M
  is the machine type, before running 'make bootfiles'.  You can
  also run '(cd $W ; make -f Mf-boot $M.boot)', where W is the name
  of a built work area for the host machine type, to build just the
  boot files for machine-type M.

'make docs'
  runs the build plus generates HTML and PDF versions of the Chez Scheme
  Users Guide and the release notes.  Unlike the other build targets,
  the documentation is not built in the workarea, but rather in the
  'csug' and 'release_notes' directories.

  Building the documentation requires a few prerequisites not required
  to build the rest of Chez Scheme.  The following must be available
  in your PATH:
    * A TeX distribution (including latex, pdflatex, dvips, and gs)
    * ppmtogif and pnmcrop (from Netpbm)
  An X11 installation is not required, but ppmtogif does require an
  'rgb.txt' file, which it will automatically locate in the common
  X11 installation locations.  If ppmtogif fails because it cannot find
  an rgb.txt file, you can use the RGBDEF environment variable to
  specify the path to a file.  If your system has an emacs installation,
  then you can find an rgb.txt file in the 'etc' directory of the emacs
  installation.  If your system has a vim installation, then it might
  contain an rgb.txt in $VIMRUNTIME.

'make clean'
  removes binaries from the workarea.

'make distclean'
  removes nanopass, Makefile, built documentation, and all workareas.

OTHER UNIX VARIANTS

To build on Unix variants other than Linux and OS X, you will first
need to build boot files on a Linux or OS X machine. On that machine,
after building Chez Scheme, create boot files for the target machine
<machine> with:

 make boot XM=<machine>

Copy the generated boot/<machine> directory to the target machine,
adding to or replacing the boot directory with pre-built boot files
there, and then build as on Linux.

Remember to use gmake if make is not GNU make. If you run into linker
trouble, try running configure with --libkernel so that the build
avoids running ld directly.

On OpenBSD, Chez Scheme must be built and installed on a filesystem
that is mounted with wxallowed.

On NetBSD, note that the makefiles run "paxctl +m" to enable WX pages
(i.e., pages that have both write and execute enabled).

WINDOWS

Building Chez Scheme under 64-bit Windows with Bash/WSL, MinGW/MSYS,
or Cygwin follows the instructions above, except that 'make install'
and 'make uninstall' are not supported. Alternatively, the main Chez
Scheme executable can be built from the Windows command line or
cross-compiled using MinGW as described further below.

On Bash/WSL, the build directory must be in a location with a Windows
path such as /mnt/c, and the 'OS' environment variable must be set to
'Windows_NT' to indicate a build for Windows, as opposed to a build
for Linux on Windows:

env OS=Windows_NT ./configure
env OS=Windows_NT make

Prerequisites:

* Bash/WSL, MinGW/MSYS, or Cygwin with bash, git, grep, make, sed, etc.
* Microsoft Visual Studio 2019, 2017, or 2015
* WiX Toolset (for making an install)

Be sure that git config core.autocrlf is set to false.

If you're using Visual Studio 2019, install "Desktop development with C++"
on the "Workloads" tabs and the "C++ 2019 Redistributable MSMs" on the
"Individual components" tab under the "Compilers, build tools, and runtimes"
section.

To run Chez Scheme or Petite Chez Scheme from a Windows command prompt,
set PATH:

set PATH=$W\bin\$M;%PATH%

again with $W and $M replaced with the workarea name and machine
type, and start Chez Scheme with the command "scheme" or Petite
Chez with the command "petite".

The executables are dynamically linked against the Microsoft Visual
C++ run-time library vcruntime140.dll. If you distribute the
executables to a different system, be sure to include the
redistributable run-time library.

Making an Install for Windows

cd wininstall
make workareas
make

This will create workareas and compile binaries for the a6nt, i3nt,
ta6nt, and ti3nt configurations and then include them in a single
Windows installer package Chez Scheme.exe. The package also includes
example files and the redistributable Microsoft Visual C++ run-time
libraries.

Testing under Windows

The iconv tests in mats/io.ms require that a 32-bit or 64-bit (as
appropriate) iconv.dll, libiconv.dll, or libiconv-2.dll implementing
GNU libiconv be located in $W\bin\$M or the path.  Windows sources for
libiconv can be found at:

http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/libiconv.htm

An alternative that uses the Windows API can be found at:

https://github.com/burgerrg/win-iconv/releases

If the DLL is not present, the iconv tests will fail.  No other tests
should be affected.

Unset the TZ environment variable before running the tests, because
the Cygwin values are incompatible with the Microsoft C Runtime
Library.

Use 'make test' described above to run the tests.

WINDOWS EXECUTABLE VIA COMMAND PROMPT

To build the Chez Scheme executable using Microsoft Visual Studio,
first set up command-line tools. The c\vs.bat script can help if you
supply amd64 for a 64-bit build or x86 for a 32-bit build:

 c\vs.bat amd64

Then, run c\build/bat with a machine name, either ta6nt (64-bit
threaded), a6nt (64-bit non-threaded), ti3nt (32-bit threaded), or
i3nt (32-bit non-threaded):

 c\build.bat ta6nt

The resulting executable in <machine>\bin\<machine> relies on
bootfiles in ..\boot\<machine> relative to the executable.

CROSS-COMPILING THE WINDOWS EXECUTABLE

To cross-compile the main Chez Scheme executable for Windows using
MinGW, specify suitable build tools to configure, perhaps using
--toolprefix= like this:

 ./configure -m=ta6nt --threads --toolprefix=x86_64-w64-mingw32-

Then, make with c/Mf-<machine> while supplying cross=t and o=o,
possibly like this:

 (cd ta6nt/c && make -f Mf-ta6nt cross=t o=o)

The executable is written to <machine>/bin/<machine>, and it should be
installed with bootfiles in ../boot/<machine>/ relative to the
executable.