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git练习

从 https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/30/git-exercises–navigate-a-repository/ 看到的关于git的练习。

准备工作

git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby ~/github/ruby

本次练习用到的子命令包括

  • git checkout
  • git log (–oneline, –author, and -S will be useful)
  • git diff (–stat will be useful)
  • git show
  • git status

练习

对git不太熟悉,不能保证一定是正确的,而且还用到了除了git之外的工具. 如果有发现错误或者更好的实现方法,请不吝赐教,谢谢.

  • Check out matz’s commit of Ruby from 1998. The commit ID is 3db12e8b236ac8f88db8eb4690d10e4a3b8dbcd4. Find out how many lines of code Ruby was at that time. 
    git checkout 3db12e8b236ac8f88db8eb4690d10e4a3b8dbcd4
git branch

  • Check out the current master branch 
    git checkout master
git branch

  • Look at the history for the file hash.c. What was the last commit ID that changed that file? 
    git log --oneline -n 1 hash.c

  • Get a diff of how hash.c has changed in the last 20ish years: compare that file on the master branch to the file at commit 3db12e8b236ac8f88db8eb4690d10e4a3b8dbcd4. 
    git diff master 3db12e8b236ac8f88db8eb4690d10e4a3b8dbcd4 hash.c  |head -n 20

  • Find a recent commit that changed hash.c and look at the diff for that commit 
    lastchange=$(git log --oneline -n 2 hash.c |tail -n 1 |cut -f1 -d " ")
git diff master ${lastchange} hash.c |head

  • This repository has a bunch of tags for every Ruby release. Get a list of all the tags. 
    git tag |head

  • Find out how many files changed between tag v1_8_6_187 and tag v1_8_6_188 
    git diff v1_8_6_187 v1_8_6_188 --stat

  • Find a commit (any commit) from 2015 and check it out, look at the files very briefly, then go back to the master branch. 
    commit=$(git log --oneline -n 1 --until 2015-01-01 |cut -f1 -d " ")
git checkout "${commit}"
git branch
ls |head
git checkout master
git branch

  • Find out what commit the tag v1_8_6_187 corresponds to. 
    git rev-list -n 1 v1_8_6_187

  • List the directory .git/refs/tags. Run cat .git/refs/tags/v1_8_6_187 to see the contents of one of those files. 
    ls .git/refs/tags
echo -------------------------------------------
cat .git/refs/tags/v1_8_6_187

    这个题目好奇怪,.git/refs/tags里居然是空的,感觉有什么地方不对

  • Find out what commit ID HEAD corresponds to right now. 
    git rev-list -n 1 HEAD

  • Find out how many commits have been made to the test/ directory 
    git log --oneline -- test |wc -l

  • Find out what commit ID HEAD corresponds to right now. 
    git rev-list -n 1 HEAD

  • Get a diff of lib/telnet.rb between the commits 65a5162550f58047974793cdc8067a970b2435c0 and 9e3d9a2a009d2a0281802a84e1c5cc1c887edc71. How many lines of that file were changed? 
    git diff --stat 65a5162550f58047974793cdc8067a970b2435c0  9e3d9a2a009d2a0281802a84e1c5cc1c887edc71 -- lib/telnet.rb

  • How many commits were made between Ruby 2.5.1 and 2.5.2 (tags v2_5_1 and v2_5_3) (this one is a tiny bit tricky, there’s more than one step) 
    git log --oneline v2_5_1..v2_5_2 |wc -l

  • How many commits were authored by matz (Ruby’s creator)? 
    git log --oneline --author=matz |wc -l

  • What’s the most recent commit that included the word tkutil? 
    git log -n 1 --grep tkutil

  • Check out the commit e51dca2596db9567bd4d698b18b4d300575d3881 and create a new branch that points at that commit. 
    git branch new e51dca2596db9567bd4d698b18b4d300575d3881 
git branch
  • Run git reflog to see all the navigating of the repository you’ve done so far 
    git reflog