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Database

Source Reason
Bitsum - Power Plan Contains a list of all the power plan settings.
Bitsum - PSA: Beware of ‘Foreground boost’ cons A little more in depth about Foreground boosting.
AMD - Smart Access Memory Explains what SAM is and its benefits.
Integralfx - DDR4 OC Guide A whole guide on DDR4 overclocking.
Intel - Resizable BAR Explains Resizable BAR.
Nvidia - Resizable BAR Explains Resizable BAR for the 30-series and up.
Intel - Thermal Design Power (TDP) Explains the term TDP.
Techpowerup - True nature of E-cores and how effective are they? Explains E-cores and their purpose.
Microsoft - Message Signal Interrupt Explains what MSI is and how it works.
Microsoft - Plug and Play Explains PnP in great detail.
Wagnardsoft - DDU Tutorial A tutorial on how to use DDU. Included it because it's a helpful resource for beginners.
Techpowerup - Latest NVIDIA driver Easy endpoint to the latest NVIDIA drivers and all of the changes.
Techpowerup - Latest AMD driver Easy endpoint to the latest AMD drivers and all of the changes.
Techpowerup - Latest Intel driver Easy endpoint to the latest Intel ARC drivers and all of the changes.
MSI Mode - Intel Corporation This guide describes the basics of Message Signaled Interrupts (MSIs), the advantages of using MSI over traditional interrupt mechanisms.
Windows 11 vs Windows 10 Gaming Performance A comparative analysis of Windows 11 and Windows 10 in terms of gaming performance.
Windows 11 vs Windows 10 Performance Review This video provides a performance comparison between Windows 11 and Windows 10.
Windows 11 Gaming Performance vs Windows 10 Another comparison of Windows 11 and Windows 10 performance focused on gaming.
Windows 11 Gaming Review An in-depth review of gaming performance in Windows 11.
Windows 11 Performance Test This video showcases a performance test conducted on Windows 11.
Windows 11 Performance: Hit or Miss? This article from Techspot provides detailed insights into the performance of Windows 11.
Why Windows 11 will run better than Windows 10 on many PCs Windows Central's analysis of why Windows 11 may outperform Windows 10 on many systems.
Windows 11: Is it faster? A video exploring the performance enhancements in Windows 11.
Windows 11 APIs for Audio Processing Objects Documentation from Microsoft highlighting new APIs for Audio Processing in Windows 11.
What's New in Windows 11 - Build 22000 Official documentation from Microsoft outlining new features in Windows 11.
Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Documentation from Microsoft on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) in Windows 11.
Windows 11: First Look A first look at Windows 11, highlighting new features and improvements over Windows 10.
Fix your PIN A tutorial on how to fix your pin.
Google DNS Configure your network settings to use Google Public DNS.
Wiztree A very in-depth disk cleaner for Windows.
PowerToys A tool that allows you to achieve maximum productivity.
Malwarebytes - Malware Scanner A malware scanner.
JunkCTRL Decluttering bot.
GPU-Z Graphics Card information utility.
CPU-Z A freeware that gathers information on some of the main devices of your system.
MSI Afterburner A graphics card overclocking utility.
NVCleanstall A tool that allows you to debloat your NVIDIA drivers.
Chocolatey Chocolatey is a package manager for windows. It allows you to install programs from the command line.
Scoop Scoop is a package manager for windows. It allows you to install programs from the command line.
MicaForEveryone A tool that allows for customization of Win32 apps. Only Available for Windows 11
StartAllBack A tool that allows you to change the start menu. Only Available for Windows 11
StartIsBack A tool that allows you to change the start menu. Only Available for Windows 10
Deferred Procedure Call - Wikipedia Introduction to DPCs.
Introduction to DPC Obejcts - Windows drivers Introduction to DPCs.
Brave's Privacy Glossary Online privacy can be confusing. What’s fingerprinting? Why are trackers bad? In this easy-to-read list you’ll find short definitions of essential privacy terms.

Windows images

Winver WIN + R and type winver and press enter. This will open a window that shows you your current Windows version.

winver

Debloat NVIDIA Drivers

  • Download DDU.

  • Download NVCleanstall.

  • Boot into safe mode.

  • Run DDU and uninstall the drivers.

  • Reboot.

  • Run NVCleanStall and build the driver using these settings or do it yourself Amitxv - Configure NVIDIA.

NVCleanstall

  • Install the drivers from the package that NVCleanstall or you created.

  • Reboot.

Network

Cloudflare IPv4 DNS Servers

1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1

Cloudflare IPv6 DNS Servers

2606:4700:4700::1111 and 2606:4700:4700::1001

Google IPv4 DNS Servers

8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4

Google IPv6 DNS Servers

2001:4860:4860::8888 and 2001:4860:4860::8844

Quad9 IPv4 DNS Servers

9.9.9.9 and 149.112.112.112

Quad9 IPv6 DNS Servers

2620:fe::fe and 2620:fe::9

Good to know IPConfig commands

ipconfig /flushdns - Flushes the DNS cache.

ipconfig /Displaydns - Shows information about your current DNS server.

ipconfig /Registerdns - Initiates manual dynamic registration for the DNS names and IP addresses that are configured at a computer.

ipconfig /release - Releases the IPv4 address that you are currently using.

ipconfig /release6 - Releases the IPv6 address that you are currently using.

ipconfig /renew - Renews an IPv4 address on your device.

ipconfig /renew6 - Renews an IPv6 address on your device.

ipconfig /all - Displays all the information about all your current network adapters.

ipconfig /? - Help for IPConfig.

Generally good to know commands

netsh => /? - A powerful command for configuring network adapters.

netstat - Displaying Network Statistics.

net - View different parts of your network.

nslookup - Useful for diagnosing DNS name resolution problems.

hostname - Identify your current hostname.

arp - Modify & Display the Address Resolution Protocol cache.

getmac - Displays your current MAC address.

systeminfo - Information about your device.

pathping - Combines Ping & Tracert.

tracert - Trace packets to a destination.

Bandwidth Measurement

Mb - Megabit

MB - Megabyte

Mbps - Megabit per second.

MBps - Megabyte per second.

b - bit

B - byte

Interrupts

Interrupts are fundamental to how a computer system operates and responds to both internal and external events. They allow a computer to efficiently handle asynchronous tasks and events.

1. Hardware Interrupts (IRQs)

  • Definition: Generated by hardware devices like keyboards, mice or network cards. They signal to the CPU that a device requires its attention.

  • Use Cases:

    • Key presses or mouse movements.
    • A packet of data has arrived on a network interface.
    • A disk read or write operation has completed.

  • Handling: When a hardware interrupt occurs, the CPU stops its current task, saves its state, and executes a piece of code (Interrupt Service Routine or ISR) specific to the device that generated the interrupt.

2. Software Interrupts

  • Definition: Generated by software running on the system, typically to request services from the operating system.

  • Use Cases:

    • An application wants to read a file from disk or send data over the network (system calls).
    • A program encounters an error and raises an exception.

  • Handling: Similar to hardware interrupts, the CPU stops its current activity to handle the software interrupt. The difference is in the origin (software instead of hardware).

3. Inter-Processor Interrupts (IPIs)

  • Definition: In multi-core or systems, one processor might need to notify another processor of an event.

  • Use Cases:

    • Cache synchronization between cores.
    • Notifying other cores about task scheduling or priority changes.

  • Handling: The receiving processor handles the IPI like any other interrupt, pausing its current task to deal with the IPI request.

4. Exceptions

  • Definition: Exceptions are unplanned interrupts that occur when a program does something unexpected or illegal, such as dividing by zero or accessing invalid memory.

  • Use Cases:

    • Illegal operations like division by zero.
    • Access violations, such as dereferencing a null pointer.

  • Handling: When an exception occurs, the system often transfers control to an exception handler. Depending on the severity and configuration, the handler might correct the problem, terminate the program, or notify the user.

5. Deferred Procedure Calls (DPCs)

  • Definition: DPCs are a mechanism in Windows for handling deferred work that arises from hardware interrupts. Present in Windows NT.

  • Use Cases:

    • A network card has received data. The ISR handles the immediate task of acknowledging receipt, but the processing of the data (e.g., passing it up the network stack) is deferred to a DPC to ensure the ISR completes quickly.

  • Handling: After an ISR schedules a DPC, the DPC runs at a lower priority than the ISR, ensuring that it doesn't block other critical tasks but still gets processed relatively quickly.

Significance of Interrupts

Interrupts allow computers to appear to multitask, handling many operations and devices simultaneously. Without interrupts, a computer would have to continuously poll devices to check their status, a highly inefficient process.

High interrupt rates can lead to system performance issues, especially if the system spends a significant time handling interrupts and less time executing regular tasks. This is why understanding and optimizing interrupt handling, especially in performance-critical applications, is important.