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dis
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#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright (C) 2014 Lyren Brown
use strict;
use warnings;
use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_ignore_case);
no warnings 'recursion';
my $verbose = 0;
sub info { $verbose and warn @_; }
my @mn;
my @mode;
my @len;
my @illegal;
sub init {
my ($illegal) = @_;
my @lines = <DATA>;
close DATA;
for (@lines) {
/(.) {3}(\w{3}) {6}\$(..) {7}(.{27})\((.*)\) *(\d)\/(.*)/ or next;
my ($std, $mn, $hex, $oper, $mode, $len, $cycles) =
($1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7);
my $code = hex($hex);
$illegal[$code] = $std eq "*" ? 0 : 1 if not $illegal;
$mn[$code] = lc $mn;
$mode[$code] = $mode;
$len[$code] = $len;
}
}
use constant {
SEGNUM => 0,
VALUE => 1,
LEN => 2,
CALLERS => 3,
ACCESSORS => 4,
TARGETS => 5,
LABEL => 6,
};
sub state {
return {
#mem => [map [0], 0 .. 0x10000],
segnum => 0,
};
}
sub layer {
my ($state, $start, $end, $data) = @_;
my $segnum = $state->{segnum};
length $data == $end - $start + 1 or
die "ERROR: layer size doesn't match start, end: $start, $end\n";
my @mem = map ord, split //, $data;
for my $i ($start .. $end) {
$state->{mem}[$i] = [$segnum, shift @mem];
}
}
sub label {
my ($state) = @_;
my $segnum = $state->{segnum};
for my $opt (qw(code data vector)) {
my $labels = $state->{$opt}{$segnum} || next;
$state->{mem}[$_][LABEL] = $labels->{$_} for keys %$labels;
}
}
sub labels {
my ($state, $opts) = @_;
my $rangelabels = $opts->{rangelabels};
for my $opt (qw(code data vector constant)) {
for my $value (@{$opts->{$opt} || []}) {
my $match = $value =~ /
(?:(\w+)=)? # optional label
(?:(\d+):)? # optional segment in decimal
(?:\$)? # optional $
([0-9a-fA-F]+) # address in hex
(?:\+([0-9a-fA-F]+))? # optional range in hex
/x;
$match or die "ERROR: Unrecognized $opt address: $value\n";
my $segnum = $2 || 0;
my $base = hex($3);
my $range = hex($4||0);
my $label = $1 || sprintf "u%2X", $base;
for my $off (0 .. $range) {
my $addr = $base + $off;
if (($addr & 0xFFFF) != $addr) {
warn "WARNING: Out of range $opt: $value\n";
$addr &= 0xFFFF;
}
if (defined $state->{$opt}{$segnum}{$addr}) {
warn sprintf "WARNING: Duplicate $opt: $value: %X\n",
$addr;
}
$state->{$opt}{$segnum}{$addr} =
$off ? $rangelabels ? sprintf "${label}_%X", $off :
$off > 9 ? sprintf "$label+\$%X", $off :
"$label+$off" : $label;
}
}
}
label($state);
}
sub copy {
my ($state) = @_;
my $copy = {%$state}; # Shallow copy state
$copy->{mem} = [@{$state->{mem}}]; # Shallow copy mem
return $copy;
}
sub rel {
my ($i, $offset) = @_;
return ($offset < 128 ? $i+$offset+2 : $i+$offset-256+2) & 0xFFFF;
}
sub addr {
my ($lo, $hi) = @_;
return $lo + ($hi<<8);
}
sub loc {
my ($state, $i) = @_;
if ($state->{segnum}) {
return sprintf "%04X, segment $state->{segnum}", $i;
}
return sprintf "%04X", $i;
}
sub seglabel {
my ($state, $addr) = @_;
my $segnum = $state->{mem}[$addr][SEGNUM];
return $segnum ? sprintf "${segnum}:%04X", $addr : sprintf "%04X", $addr;
}
sub trace {
my ($state, $entry, $callerid, $caller) = @_;
#info(sprintf "; TRACING: %X\n", $entry);
$state->{traced} = 1;
my $mem = $state->{mem};
my $byte = $mem->[$entry] || return;
if (defined $byte->[VALUE] || $byte->[LABEL]) {
my $pre = $byte->[SEGNUM] ? sprintf "s$byte->[SEGNUM]" : "";
$byte->[LABEL] ||= $pre . sprintf "l%04X", $entry;
push @{$mem->[$caller][TARGETS]}, $byte->[LABEL] if defined $caller;
if ($callerid) {
push @{$byte->[CALLERS]}, $callerid;
} else {
push @{$byte->[CALLERS]}, seglabel($state, $caller);
}
}
for (my $i = $entry;;) {
my $byte = $mem->[$i] || return; # Ignore undefined memory
my ($code, $i1, $i2) = map $mem->[$_][VALUE], $i .. $i+2;
return if not $code; # Ignore BRK
return if $illegal[$code]; # Ignore illegal opcodes
return if $state->{visited}{$i}++; # Skip if already visited
$byte->[LEN] = $len[$code];
for ($i .. $i+$len[$code]-1) {
if (not defined $mem->[$_][VALUE]) {
# Bail out if instruction goes out-of-bounds
warn "WARNING: Instruction goes past end of state at ",
loc($state, $_), "\n";
return;
}
}
my $mode = $mode[$code];
if ($mn[$code] eq "rts") {
last;
} elsif ($mn[$code] eq "rti") {
last;
} elsif ($mn[$code] eq "jmp") {
my $targ;
if ($mode[$code] eq "Indirect") {
$targ = addr($i1, $i2);
push @{$mem->[$targ][ACCESSORS]}, seglabel($state, $i);
my ($lo, $hi) = map $mem->[$_][VALUE], $targ, $targ+1;
if (defined $lo and defined $hi) {
$targ = addr($lo, $hi);
} else {
warn "WARNING: Indirect JMP references undefined ",
"memory at ", loc($state, $i), "\n";
}
} else {
$targ = addr($i1, $i2);
}
trace($state, $targ, $byte->[LABEL], $i) if defined $targ;
last;
} elsif ($mn[$code] eq "jsr") {
my $targ = addr($i1, $i2);
trace($state, $targ, $byte->[LABEL], $i);
} elsif ($mn[$code] =~ /^b(ne|eq|pl|mi|cc|cs|vs|vc)/) {
my $targ = rel($i, $i1);
trace($state, $targ, $byte->[LABEL], $i);
} elsif ($mode =~ /Ind|Z-Page/) {
my $tlabel = $mem->[$i1][LABEL];
push @{$byte->[TARGETS]}, $tlabel if $tlabel;
push @{$mem->[$i1][ACCESSORS]}, seglabel($state, $i);
} elsif ($mode =~ /Absolute/) {
my $addr = addr($i1, $i2);
my $tlabel = $mem->[$addr][LABEL];
push @{$byte->[TARGETS]}, $tlabel if $tlabel;
push @{$mem->[$addr][ACCESSORS]}, seglabel($state, $i);
}
$i += $len[$code];
}
}
sub uniq { my %uniq; grep !$uniq{$_}++, @_ }
sub extern {
my ($opts, $state) = @_;
return if not $opts->{extern};
return if not $opts->{labels};
my @labels;
for my $opt (qw(code data vector)) {
for my $labels (values %{$state->{$opt}||{}}) {
for my $addr (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %$labels) {
my $label = $labels->{$addr} or next;
next if $opts->{labelled}{$label};
next if not $opts->{referenced}{$label};
next if $label =~ /\+/;
my $accessors = $state->{mem}[$addr][ACCESSORS];
my $access = "";
if ($accessors and $opts->{access}) {
$access = "\t\t; " . join " ", "Access:", uniq @$accessors;
}
push @labels, [$addr,
sprintf "$labels->{$addr} equ \$%X$access\n", $addr];
}
}
}
print "##EXTERN##\n";
print map $_->[1], sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } @labels;
}
sub dump_label {
my ($opts, $state, $label, $byte, $off) = @_;
return if not $opts->{labels};
return if not $label;
return if $label =~ /\+/;
my $callers = $byte->[CALLERS];
if ($off) {
printf "$label equ *+$off";
} else {
print $label;
}
my $tabs = (3 - ((length $label) >> 3)) || 1;
print (("\t") x $tabs);
if ($callers and $opts->{call}) {
print "; Callers:";
print " $_" for uniq @$callers;
}
print "\n";
$opts->{labelled}{$label}++;
}
sub dis {
my ($state, $start, $end, $opts) = @_;
my $mem = $state->{mem};
for (my $i = $start; $i <= $end; ++$i) {
my $byte = $mem->[$i];
my $segnum = $byte->[SEGNUM];
my $value = $byte->[VALUE];
my $len = $byte->[LEN];
my $targets = $byte->[TARGETS];
my $label = $byte->[LABEL];
my $accessors = $byte->[ACCESSORS];
my $bitjmp = $value == 0x2C && $mem->[$i+1][CALLERS];
if (not $bitjmp and $len and $i + $len - 1 <= $end) {
my ($code, $i1, $i2) = map $mem->[$_][VALUE], $i .. $i+2;
dump_label($opts, $state, $label, $byte);
for (my $a = $i+1; $a < $i+$len; ++$a) {
if (my $label = $mem->[$a][LABEL]) {
my $off = $a-$i;
dump_label($opts, $state, $label, $mem->[$a], $off);
}
}
printf " $mn[$code]";
my $mode = $mode[$code];
my $imm8 = $i1||0;
my $imm16 = ($i1||0) + (($i2||0)<<8);
my $rel = rel($i, $i1||0);
my $ab = $i2 ? "" : "a:";
if ($opts->{labels} && $targets && $mode !~ /Indirect|Accum|Implied/) {
my $targ = $imm8 = $imm16 = $rel = $targets->[-1];
$targ =~ s/\+.*//;
$opts->{referenced}{$targ}++;
} elsif ($mode eq "Immediate" and $state->{constant}{$segnum}{$i1}) {
$imm8 = $state->{constant}{$segnum}{$i1};
$opts->{referenced}{$imm8}++;
} else {
$_ = sprintf "\$%02X", $_ for $imm8;
$_ = sprintf "\$%04X", $_ for $imm16, $rel;
}
print " @" if $mode eq "Accumulator";
print " #$imm8" if $mode eq "Immediate";
print " ($imm8),y" if $mode eq "(Ind),Y";
print " ($imm8,x)" if $mode eq "Ind,X";
print " $imm8" if $mode eq "Z-Page";
print " $imm8,x" if $mode eq "Z-Page,X";
print " $imm8,y" if $mode eq "Z-Page,Y";
print " $ab$imm16" if $mode eq "Absolute";
print " $ab$imm16,x" if $mode eq "Absolute,X";
print " $ab$imm16,y" if $mode eq "Absolute,Y";
print " ($imm16)" if $mode eq "Indirect";
print " $rel" if $mode eq "Relative";
print " " if $mode eq "Implied";
if ($opts->{comment}) {
printf "\t\t; %04X:%s", $i, join "",
map { sprintf " %02X", $mem->[$_][VALUE] }
$i .. ($i+$len-1);
if ($accessors and $opts->{access}) {
print " Access:";
print " $_" for uniq @$accessors;
}
}
print "\n";
$i += $len - 1;
} else {
dump_label($opts, $state, $label, $byte);
printf " dta \$%X", $value;
if ($opts->{comment}) {
printf "\t\t; %04X: %02X", $i, $value;
if ($accessors and $opts->{access}) {
print " Access:";
print " $_" for uniq @$accessors;
}
print " <--- Data" if exists $state->{data}{$segnum}{$i};
print " <--- Bit Jump" if $len and $bitjmp;
}
print "\n";
}
}
}
sub word {
my ($stream, $i) = @_;
$i + 2 < length $stream or die "ERROR: File is corrupted\n";
return unpack "v", substr $stream, $i, 2;
}
sub enter {
my ($state) = @_;
my $mem = $state->{mem};
my $segnum = $state->{segnum};
while (my ($data, $label) = each %{$state->{data}{$segnum}}) {
$label = $label ? "$label=" : "";
info(sprintf "DATA: $label%04X\n", $data);
$state->{visited}{$data} = 1;
}
while (my ($code, $label) = each %{$state->{code}{$segnum}}) {
$label = $label ? "$label=" : "";
next if $label =~ /\+/;
info(sprintf "CODE: $label%04X\n", $code);
trace($state, $code, sprintf "-c %04X", $code);
}
while (my ($vector, $label) = each %{$state->{vector}{$segnum}}) {
$label = $label ? "$label=" : "";
next if $label =~ /\+/;
if (grep !defined $mem->[$_][VALUE], $vector, $vector+1) {
warn "WARNING: Vector through undefined memory: ",
loc($state, $vector), "\n";
next;
}
info(sprintf "VECTOR: $label%04X\n", $vector);
my $targ = addr($mem->[$vector][VALUE], $mem->[$vector+1][VALUE]);
trace($state, $targ, sprintf "-v %04X", $vector);
}
}
sub runini {
my ($opts, $state, $i) = @_;
my $targ = addr($state->{mem}[$i][VALUE], $state->{mem}[$i+1][VALUE]);
my $label = $state->{mem}[$targ][LABEL];
return $opts->{labels} && $label ? $label : sprintf "\$%04X", $targ;
}
sub xex {
my ($stream, $opts) = @_;
my $state = state();
labels($state, $opts);
my @segments;
my $run;
my $run_caller;
my $segstart;
my $extra;
for (my $i = 0; $i < length $stream;) {
$segstart = $i;
++$state->{segnum};
delete $state->{visited};
my $start;
my $ffff;
my $end;
eval {
$start = word($stream, $i);
$i += 2;
$ffff = $start == 0xFFFF;
if ($ffff) {
$start = word($stream, $i);
$i += 2;
}
$end = word($stream, $i);
$i += 2;
1;
} or do {
warn "WARNING: Incomplete segment header at byte $segstart\n";
$extra = substr $stream, $segstart;
last;
};
my $len = $end - $start + 1;
info(sprintf "START: %X END: %X\n", $start, $end);
if ($len < 0) {
warn "WARNING: Segment length is negative ",
"at byte $segstart: $len\n";
$extra = substr $stream, $segstart;
last;
}
warn "WARNING: Segment past EOF at byte $segstart, $len\n"
if $i+$len > length $stream;
my $data = substr $stream, $i, $len;
$end = $start + (length $data) - 1;
$i += $len;
layer($state, $start, $end, $data);
label($state);
enter($state);
if ($start == 0x2E0) {
$run = unpack "v", $data;
info(sprintf "RUN: %X\n", $run);
$run_caller = "run_segment$state->{segnum}";
} elsif ($start == 0x2E2) {
my $ini = unpack "v", $data;
info(sprintf "INI: %X\n", $ini);
trace($state, $ini, "ini_segment$state->{segnum}");
}
push @segments, [$start, $end, $data, copy($state), $ffff];
}
trace($state, $run, $run_caller) if defined $run;
trace($state, $segments[0][0], "COM") if not $state->{traced} and @segments;
$state->{segnum} = 0;
enter($state);
for my $segment (@segments) {
my ($start, $end, $data, $state, $ffff) = @$segment;
if ($state->{segnum}) {
print " ;-------------------------\n";
print " ; Segment $state->{segnum}\n";
print " ;-------------------------\n";
}
my $header = sub {
return unless $ffff and $state->{segnum} > 1;
printf " opt h-\n";
printf " dta a(\$FFFF)\t; Segment header\n";
printf " opt h+\n";
};
if ($start == 0x2E0 and $end == 0x2E1) {
$header->();
printf " run %s\n", runini($opts, $state, 0x2E0);
} elsif ($start == 0x2E2 and $end == 0x2E3) {
$header->();
printf " ini %s\n", runini($opts, $state, 0x2E2);
} else {
my $f = $ffff ? "f:" : "";
printf " org $f\$%04X\t\t; end %04X\n", $start, $end;
dis($state, $start, $end, $opts);
}
}
if ($extra) {
print " ; Corrupted segment\n";
print " opt h-\n";
printf " dta \$%02X\n", ord($_) for split //, $extra;
}
extern($opts, $state);
}
sub sap {
my ($stream, $opts) = @_;
$stream =~ /(SAP\x0D\x0A.*?)(\xFF\xFF.*)/s or
die "ERROR: Not a SAP file\n";
my $header = $1;
my $binary = $2;
my %attr;
print " opt h-\n";
while ($header =~ /(.*?)(?: (.*?))?\x0D\x0A/gs) {
my ($key, $value) = ($1, $2);
if (defined $value) {
$attr{$key} = $value;
$value =~ s/'/',c"'",c'/g;
print " dta c'$key $value',13,10\n";
} else {
$attr{$key} = 1;
print " dta c'$key',13,10\n";
}
}
print " opt h+\n";
if ($attr{TYPE} eq "C") {
my $player = hex($attr{PLAYER}||0);
push @{$opts->{code}}, sprintf "%X", $player+3;
push @{$opts->{code}}, sprintf "%X", $player+6;
} else {
push @{$opts->{code}}, map "$_=$attr{$_}",
grep defined $attr{$_}, qw(INIT PLAYER);
}
xex($binary, $opts);
}
sub prg {
my ($stream, $opts) = @_;
my $start = unpack "v", substr $stream, 0, 2;
my $end = $start + (length $stream) - 3;
if ($stream =~ /^......\x9E *(\d+)/s) {
push @{$opts->{code}}, sprintf "%X", $1;
}
printf " opt h-\n";
printf " dta a(\$%04X)\t; PRG Header\n", $start;
$opts->{org} = sprintf "%X", $start;
raw((substr $stream, 2), $opts);
}
sub raw {
my ($stream, $opts) = @_;
my $start = hex($opts->{org}||0);
my $end = $start + (length $stream) - 1;
printf " opt h-\n" unless $opts->{headers};
printf " org \$%04X\n", $start;
my $state = state();
layer($state, $start, $end, $stream);
labels($state, $opts);
enter($state);
dis($state, $start, $end, $opts);
extern($opts, $state);
}
sub arg {
my ($opts, $args, $file) = @_;
return if grep $file eq $_, $opts->{arg};
open my $fh, $file or die "ERROR: Cannot open $file: $!\n";
my %args = map { /(\w+)/; my $a = $1; $a => [/=s/, /@/] } @$args;
while (<$fh>) {
s/;.*//;
next if /^\s*$/;
chomp;
my ($arg, $value) = split " ", $_;
$args{$arg} or die "ERROR: Unknown option $_ in $file\n";
if ($args{$arg}[0] and not defined $value) {
die "ERROR: $arg requires a parameter in $file\n";
}
if ($args{$arg}[1]) {
push @{$opts->{$arg}}, $value;
} else {
$opts->{$arg} = $value;
}
arg($opts, $args, $value) if $arg eq "arg";
}
}
sub dump_args {
my ($opts, $args) = @_;
for my $arg (@$args) {
$arg =~ /(\w+)/ or next;
my $opt = $1;
next if $opt eq "dump";
my $value = $opts->{$opt};
if (ref $value) {
print "$opt $_\n" for @$value;
} elsif (defined $value) {
print "$opt $value\n";
}
}
}
sub usage {
die "Usage: dis [options] file...\n",
" -c L=XXXX Code entry point(s)\n",
" -d L=XXXX Data location(s) - Disallow tracing as code\n",
" -C L=XXXX Constant value(s)\n",
" -v L=XXXX Vector(s), e.g. FFFA\n",
" -o L=XXXX Origin for raw files\n",
" -l Create labels\n",
" -i Emit illegal opcodes\n",
" -t TYPE Dissasseble as TYPE\n",
" xex - Atari executable (-x)\n",
" sap - Atari SAP file\n",
" prg - Commodore 64 executable (-p)\n",
" raw - raw memory\n",
" -comment Emit comments\n",
" -call Emit callers\n",
" -access Emit accessors\n",
" -extern Emit labels for out-of-range addresses\n",
" -rangelabels Emit labels for ranges instead of base+offset\n",
" -verbose Print info to STDERR\n",
" -dump Print options in format for -a\n",
" -a FILE Read options from FILE. Lines are: OPTION VALUE\n",
"\n",
" Addresses may include a range, e.g. table=\$300+F\n",
" Addresses may include xex segment number, e.g. 3:1FAE\n",
;
}
sub main {
my @args = qw(
code|c=s@
data|d=s@
constant|C=s@
vector|v=s@
rangelabels!
org|o=s
labels|l!
illegal|i!
help|h!
type|t=s
xex|x!
prg|p!
comment!
call!
access!
extern!
headers!
verbose!
dump!
arg|a=s@
);
my %opts = (comment => 1, call => 1, access => 1, extern => 1);
GetOptions(\%opts, @args) or usage();
usage() if $opts{help};
usage() if not @ARGV and -t STDOUT;
usage() if @ARGV > 1;
arg(\%opts, \@args, $_) for @{[@{$opts{arg}||[]}]};
if ($opts{dump}) {
dump_args(\%opts, \@args);
return;
}
init($opts{illegal});
$verbose = $opts{verbose};
$opts{type} = "xex" if $opts{xex};
$opts{type} = "prg" if $opts{prg};
$opts{type} ||= "raw";
my $in = $ARGV[0] || \*STDIN;
open my $fh, $in or die "ERROR: Cannot open $in: $!\n";
binmode $fh;
read $fh, my $stream, 1<<20;
if (not eof $fh) {
warn "WARNING: Truncating file at 1M\n";
}
if ($opts{extern} and open my $pipe, "-|") {
$_ = do { local $/; <$pipe> };
s/(.*)##EXTERN##\n(.*)/$2$1/s;
print;
exit 0;
}
if ($opts{type} eq "xex") {
xex($stream, \%opts);
} elsif ($opts{type} eq "prg") {
prg($stream, \%opts);
} elsif ($opts{type} eq "sap") {
sap($stream, \%opts);
} elsif ($opts{type} eq "raw") {
raw($stream, \%opts);
} else {
die "ERROR: Unknown type $opts{type}\n";
}
info("DONE\n");
}
main();
__DATA__
# Opcode table taken from C= Hacking Issue 1
# http://www.ffd2.com/fridge/chacking/
# http://codebase64.org/doku.php?id=magazines:chacking1#opcodes_and_quasi-opcodes
# Changes:
# - Corrected opcode $46
# - Added missing opcode $5E
Std Mnemonic Hex Value Description Addressing Mode Bytes/Time
* BRK $00 Stack <- PC, PC <- ($fffe) (Immediate) 1/7
* ORA $01 A <- (A) V M (Ind,X) 2/6
JAM $02 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
SLO $03 M <- (M >> 1) + A + C (Ind,X) 2/8
NOP $04 [no operation] (Z-Page) 2/3
* ORA $05 A <- (A) V M (Z-Page) 2/3
* ASL $06 C <- A7, A <- (A) << 1 (Z-Page) 2/5
SLO $07 M <- (M >> 1) + A + C (Z-Page) 2/5
* PHP $08 Stack <- (P) (Implied) 1/3
* ORA $09 A <- (A) V M (Immediate) 2/2
* ASL $0A C <- A7, A <- (A) << 1 (Accumulator) 1/2
ANC $0B A <- A /\ M, C=~A7 (Immediate) 1/2
NOP $0C [no operation] (Absolute) 3/4
* ORA $0D A <- (A) V M (Absolute) 3/4
* ASL $0E C <- A7, A <- (A) << 1 (Absolute) 3/6
SLO $0F M <- (M >> 1) + A + C (Absolute) 3/6
* BPL $10 if N=0, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* ORA $11 A <- (A) V M ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $12 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
SLO $13 M <- (M >. 1) + A + C ((Ind),Y) 2/8'5
NOP $14 [no operation] (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* ORA $15 A <- (A) V M (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* ASL $16 C <- A7, A <- (A) << 1 (Z-Page,X) 2/6
SLO $17 M <- (M >> 1) + A + C (Z-Page,X) 2/6
* CLC $18 C <- 0 (Implied) 1/2
* ORA $19 A <- (A) V M (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
NOP $1A [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
SLO $1B M <- (M >> 1) + A + C (Absolute,Y) 3/7
NOP $1C [no operation] (Absolute,X) 2/4'1
* ORA $1D A <- (A) V M (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* ASL $1E C <- A7, A <- (A) << 1 (Absolute,X) 3/7
SLO $1F M <- (M >> 1) + A + C (Absolute,X) 3/7
* JSR $20 Stack <- PC, PC <- Address (Absolute) 3/6
* AND $21 A <- (A) /\ M (Ind,X) 2/6
JAM $22 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
RLA $23 M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) (Ind,X) 2/8
* BIT $24 Z <- ~(A /\ M) N<-M7 V<-M6 (Z-Page) 2/3
* AND $25 A <- (A) /\ M (Z-Page) 2/3
* ROL $26 C <- A7 & A <- A << 1 + C (Z-Page) 2/5
RLA $27 M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) (Z-Page) 2/5'5
* PLP $28 A <- (Stack) (Implied) 1/4
* AND $29 A <- (A) /\ M (Immediate) 2/2
* ROL $2A C <- A7 & A <- A << 1 + C (Accumulator) 1/2
ANC $2B A <- A /\ M, C <- ~A7 (Immediate) 1/2
* BIT $2C Z <- ~(A /\ M) N<-M7 V<-M6 (Absolute) 3/4
* AND $2D A <- (A) /\ M (Absolute) 3/4
* ROL $2E C <- A7 & A <- A << 1 + C (Absolute) 3/6
RLA $2F M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) (Absolute) 3/6'5
* BMI $30 if N=1, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* AND $31 A <- (A) /\ M ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $32 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
RLA $33 M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) ((Ind),Y) 2/8'5
NOP $34 [no operation] (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* AND $35 A <- (A) /\ M (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* ROL $36 C <- A7 & A <- A << 1 + C (Z-Page,X) 2/6
RLA $37 M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) (Z-Page,X) 2/6'5
* SEC $38 C <- 1 (Implied) 1/2
* AND $39 A <- (A) /\ M (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
NOP $3A [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
RLA $3B M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) (Absolute,Y) 3/7'5
NOP $3C [no operation] (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* AND $3D A <- (A) /\ M (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* ROL $3E C <- A7 & A <- A << 1 + C (Absolute,X) 3/7
RLA $3F M <- (M << 1) /\ (A) (Absolute,X) 3/7'5
* RTI $40 P <- (Stack), PC <-(Stack) (Implied) 1/6
* EOR $41 A <- (A) \-/ M (Ind,X) 2/6
JAM $42 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
SRE $43 M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A (Ind,X) 2/8
NOP $44 [no operation] (Z-Page) 2/3
* EOR $45 A <- (A) \-/ M (Z-Page) 2/3
* LSR $46 C <- A0, A <- (A) >> 1 (Z-Page) 2/5
SRE $47 M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A (Z-Page) 2/5
* PHA $48 Stack <- (A) (Implied) 1/3
* EOR $49 A <- (A) \-/ M (Immediate) 2/2
* LSR $4A C <- A0, A <- (A) >> 1 (Accumulator) 1/2
ASR $4B A <- [(A /\ M) >> 1] (Immediate) 1/2
* JMP $4C PC <- Address (Absolute) 3/3
* EOR $4D A <- (A) \-/ M (Absolute) 3/4
* LSR $4E C <- A0, A <- (A) >> 1 (Absolute) 3/6
SRE $4F M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A (Absolute) 3/6
* BVC $50 if V=0, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* EOR $51 A <- (A) \-/ M ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $52 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
SRE $53 M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A ((Ind),Y) 2/8
NOP $54 [no operation] (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* EOR $55 A <- (A) \-/ M (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* LSR $56 C <- A0, A <- (A) >> 1 (Z-Page,X) 2/6
SRE $57 M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A (Z-Page,X) 2/6
* CLI $58 I <- 0 (Implied) 1/2
* EOR $59 A <- (A) \-/ M (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
NOP $5A [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
SRE $5B M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A (Absolute,Y) 3/7
NOP $5C [no operation] (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* EOR $5D A <- (A) \-/ M (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* LSR $5E C <- A0, A <- (A) >> 1 (Absolute,X) 3/7
SRE $5F M <- (M >> 1) \-/ A (Absolute,X) 3/7
* RTS $60 PC <- (Stack) (Implied) 1/6
* ADC $61 A <- (A) + M + C (Ind,X) 2/6
JAM $62 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
RRA $63 M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C (Ind,X) 2/8'5
NOP $64 [no operation] (Z-Page) 2/3
* ADC $65 A <- (A) + M + C (Z-Page) 2/3
* ROR $66 C<-A0 & A<- (A7=C + A>>1) (Z-Page) 2/5
RRA $67 M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C (Z-Page) 2/5'5
* PLA $68 A <- (Stack) (Implied) 1/4
* ADC $69 A <- (A) + M + C (Immediate) 2/2
* ROR $6A C<-A0 & A<- (A7=C + A>>1) (Accumulator) 1/2
ARR $6B A <- [(A /\ M) >> 1] (Immediate) 1/2'5
* JMP $6C PC <- Address (Indirect) 3/5
* ADC $6D A <- (A) + M + C (Absolute) 3/4
* ROR $6E C<-A0 & A<- (A7=C + A>>1) (Absolute) 3/6
RRA $6F M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C (Absolute) 3/6'5
* BVS $70 if V=1, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* ADC $71 A <- (A) + M + C ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $72 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
RRA $73 M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C ((Ind),Y) 2/8'5
NOP $74 [no operation] (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* ADC $75 A <- (A) + M + C (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* ROR $76 C<-A0 & A<- (A7=C + A>>1) (Z-Page,X) 2/6
RRA $77 M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C (Z-Page,X) 2/6'5
* SEI $78 I <- 1 (Implied) 1/2
* ADC $79 A <- (A) + M + C (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
NOP $7A [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
RRA $7B M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C (Absolute,Y) 3/7'5
NOP $7C [no operation] (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* ADC $7D A <- (A) + M + C (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* ROR $7E C<-A0 & A<- (A7=C + A>>1) (Absolute,X) 3/7
RRA $7F M <- (M >> 1) + (A) + C (Absolute,X) 3/7'5
NOP $80 [no operation] (Immediate) 2/2
* STA $81 M <- (A) (Ind,X) 2/6
NOP $82 [no operation] (Immediate) 2/2
SAX $83 M <- (A) /\ (X) (Ind,X) 2/6
* STY $84 M <- (Y) (Z-Page) 2/3
* STA $85 M <- (A) (Z-Page) 2/3
* STX $86 M <- (X) (Z-Page) 2/3
SAX $87 M <- (A) /\ (X) (Z-Page) 2/3
* DEY $88 Y <- (Y) - 1 (Implied) 1/2
NOP $89 [no operation] (Immediate) 2/2
* TXA $8A A <- (X) (Implied) 1/2
ANE $8B M <-[(A)\/$EE] /\ (X)/\(M) (Immediate) 2/2^4
* STY $8C M <- (Y) (Absolute) 3/4
* STA $8D M <- (A) (Absolute) 3/4
* STX $8E M <- (X) (Absolute) 3/4
SAX $8F M <- (A) /\ (X) (Absolute) 3/4
* BCC $90 if C=0, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* STA $91 M <- (A) ((Ind),Y) 2/6
JAM $92 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
SHA $93 M <- (A) /\ (X) /\ (PCH+1) (Absolute,X) 3/6'3
* STY $94 M <- (Y) (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* STA $95 M <- (A) (Z-Page,X) 2/4
SAX $97 M <- (A) /\ (X) (Z-Page,Y) 2/4
* STX $96 M <- (X) (Z-Page,Y) 2/4
* TYA $98 A <- (Y) (Implied) 1/2
* STA $99 M <- (A) (Absolute,Y) 3/5
* TXS $9A S <- (X) (Implied) 1/2
SHS $9B X <- (A) /\ (X), S <- (X) (Absolute,Y) 3/5
M <- (X) /\ (PCH+1)
SHY $9C M <- (Y) /\ (PCH+1) (Absolute,Y) 3/5'3
* STA $9D M <- (A) (Absolute,X) 3/5
SHX $9E M <- (X) /\ (PCH+1) (Absolute,X) 3/5'3
SHA $9F M <- (A) /\ (X) /\ (PCH+1) (Absolute,Y) 3/5'3
* LDY $A0 Y <- M (Immediate) 2/2
* LDA $A1 A <- M (Ind,X) 2/6
* LDX $A2 X <- M (Immediate) 2/2
LAX $A3 A <- M, X <- M (Ind,X) 2/6
* LDY $A4 Y <- M (Z-Page) 2/3
* LDA $A5 A <- M (Z-Page) 2/3
* LDX $A6 X <- M (Z-Page) 2/3
LAX $A7 A <- M, X <- M (Z-Page) 2/3
* TAY $A8 Y <- (A) (Implied) 1/2
* LDA $A9 A <- M (Immediate) 2/2
* TAX $AA X <- (A) (Implied) 1/2
LXA $AB X04 <- (X04) /\ M04 (Immediate) 1/2
A04 <- (A04) /\ M04
* LDY $AC Y <- M (Absolute) 3/4
* LDA $AD A <- M (Absolute) 3/4
* LDX $AE X <- M (Absolute) 3/4
LAX $AF A <- M, X <- M (Absolute) 3/4
* BCS $B0 if C=1, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* LDA $B1 A <- M ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $B2 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
LAX $B3 A <- M, X <- M ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
* LDY $B4 Y <- M (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* LDA $B5 A <- M (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* LDX $B6 X <- M (Z-Page,Y) 2/4
LAX $B7 A <- M, X <- M (Z-Page,Y) 2/4
* CLV $B8 V <- 0 (Implied) 1/2
* LDA $B9 A <- M (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
* TSX $BA X <- (S) (Implied) 1/2
LAE $BB X,S,A <- (S /\ M) (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
* LDY $BC Y <- M (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* LDA $BD A <- M (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* LDX $BE X <- M (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
LAX $BF A <- M, X <- M (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
* CPY $C0 (Y - M) -> NZC (Immediate) 2/2
* CMP $C1 (A - M) -> NZC (Ind,X) 2/6
NOP $C2 [no operation] (Immediate) 2/2
DCP $C3 M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC (Ind,X) 2/8
* CPY $C4 (Y - M) -> NZC (Z-Page) 2/3
* CMP $C5 (A - M) -> NZC (Z-Page) 2/3
* DEC $C6 M <- (M) - 1 (Z-Page) 2/5
DCP $C7 M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC (Z-Page) 2/5
* INY $C8 Y <- (Y) + 1 (Implied) 1/2
* CMP $C9 (A - M) -> NZC (Immediate) 2/2
* DEX $CA X <- (X) - 1 (Implied) 1/2
SBX $CB X <- (X)/\(A) - M (Immediate) 2/2
* CPY $CC (Y - M) -> NZC (Absolute) 3/4
* CMP $CD (A - M) -> NZC (Absolute) 3/4
* DEC $CE M <- (M) - 1 (Absolute) 3/6
DCP $CF M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC (Absolute) 3/6
* BNE $D0 if Z=0, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* CMP $D1 (A - M) -> NZC ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $D2 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
DCP $D3 M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC ((Ind),Y) 2/8
NOP $D4 [no operation] (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* CMP $D5 (A - M) -> NZC (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* DEC $D6 M <- (M) - 1 (Z-Page,X) 2/6
DCP $D7 M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC (Z-Page,X) 2/6
* CLD $D8 D <- 0 (Implied) 1/2
* CMP $D9 (A - M) -> NZC (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
NOP $DA [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
DCP $DB M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC (Absolute,Y) 3/7
NOP $DC [no operation] (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* CMP $DD (A - M) -> NZC (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* DEC $DE M <- (M) - 1 (Absolute,X) 3/7
DCP $DF M <- (M)-1, (A-M) -> NZC (Absolute,X) 3/7
* CPX $E0 (X - M) -> NZC (Immediate) 2/2
* SBC $E1 A <- (A) - M - ~C (Ind,X) 2/6
NOP $E2 [no operation] (Immediate) 2/2
ISB $E3 M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C (Ind,X) 3/8'1
* CPX $E4 (X - M) -> NZC (Z-Page) 2/3
* SBC $E5 A <- (A) - M - ~C (Z-Page) 2/3
* INC $E6 M <- (M) + 1 (Z-Page) 2/5
ISB $E7 M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C (Z-Page) 2/5
* INX $E8 X <- (X) +1 (Implied) 1/2
* SBC $E9 A <- (A) - M - ~C (Immediate) 2/2
* NOP $EA [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
SBC $EB A <- (A) - M - ~C (Immediate) 1/2
* SBC $ED A <- (A) - M - ~C (Absolute) 3/4
* CPX $EC (X - M) -> NZC (Absolute) 3/4
* INC $EE M <- (M) + 1 (Absolute) 3/6
ISB $EF M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C (Absolute) 3/6
* BEQ $F0 if Z=1, PC = PC + offset (Relative) 2/2'2
* SBC $F1 A <- (A) - M - ~C ((Ind),Y) 2/5'1
JAM $F2 [locks up machine] (Implied) 1/-
ISB $F3 M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C ((Ind),Y) 2/8
NOP $F4 [no operation] (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* SBC $F5 A <- (A) - M - ~C (Z-Page,X) 2/4
* INC $F6 M <- (M) + 1 (Z-Page,X) 2/6
ISB $F7 M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C (Z-Page,X) 2/6
* SED $F8 D <- 1 (Implied) 1/2
* SBC $F9 A <- (A) - M - ~C (Absolute,Y) 3/4'1
NOP $FA [no operation] (Implied) 1/2
ISB $FB M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C (Absolute,Y) 3/7
NOP $FC [no operation] (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* SBC $FD A <- (A) - M - ~C (Absolute,X) 3/4'1
* INC $FE M <- (M) + 1 (Absolute,X) 3/7
ISB $FF M <- (M) - 1,A <- (A)-M-~C (Absolute,X) 3/7
'1 - Add one if address crosses a page boundry.
'2 - Add 1 if branch succeeds, or 2 if into another page.
'3 - If page boundry crossed then PCH+1 is just PCH
'4 - Sources disputed on exact operation, or sometimes does not work.
'5 - Full eight bit rotation (with carry)
Sources:
Programming the 6502, Rodney Zaks, (c) 1983 Sybex
Paul Ojala, Post to Comp.Sys.Cbm (po87553@cs.tut.fi / albert@cc.tut.fi)
D John Mckenna, Post to Comp.Sys.Cbm (gudjm@uniwa.uwa.oz.au)
Compiled by Craig Taylor (duck@pembvax1.pembroke.edu)