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binaryop.cc
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binaryop.cc
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/*
This file is part of MADNESS.
Copyright (C) 2007,2010 Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
For more information please contact:
Robert J. Harrison
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
One Bethel Valley Road
P.O. Box 2008, MS-6367
email: harrisonrj@ornl.gov
tel: 865-241-3937
fax: 865-572-0680
$Id$
*/
/*!
\file examples/binaryop.cc
\brief Illustrates general composition of two functions
\defgroup examplebinop Illustrates general composition of two functions
\ingroup examples
The source is <a href=https://github.com/m-a-d-n-e-s-s/madness/blob/master/src/examples/binaryop.cc>here</a>.
\par Points of interest
- use of a binary operation to apply a complex operation to two functions
- use of asymptotic analysis to ensure good behavior in presence of numerical noise
\par Background
In nuclear physics density functional theory it is necessary to compute
functions of the form
\f[
U(r) = \frac{\Delta^2 (r)}{\rho^{2/3} (r)}
\f]
The functions \f$ \Delta \f$ and \f$ \rho \f$ are both expected to go to zero
at large \f$ r \f$ as is the ratio (i.e., \f$ \Delta \f$ goes to zero faster
than \f$ \rho \f$). Moreover, \f$ \rho \f$ should everywhere be positive
and is not expected to be zero in the interior region (for ground states only?).
\par Implementation
The first problem is how to compose this operation inside MADNESS.
One could square \f$ Delta \f$, use \c unaryop() to compute the
negative fractional power of \f$ \rho() \f$, and then multiply the
two. With care (see below) this should work. Easier, faster, and
more accurate is to do all of the above at once. This is accomplished
with a binary operation that acts upon the input function values and
returns the result.
The second and most significant problem is numerical noise in the
functions that can lead to \f$ \rho \f$ being zero and even negative
while \f$ Delta \f$ is non-zero. However, the expected asymptotics
tell us that if either \f$ Delta \f$ or \f$ \rho \f$ are so small
that noise is dominating, that the result of the binary operation
should be zero. [Aside. To accomplish the same using a unary
operation the operation that computes \f$ rho^{-2/3} \f$ should
return zero if \f$ rho \f$ is small. But this precludes us from
simultaneously using information about the size of \f$ \Delta \f$
and does not ensure that both are computed at the same level of
refinement.]
Analysis is necessary. The threshold at which to screen values to
their asymptotic form depends on the problem, the accuracy of
computation, and possibly the box size. In this problem we choose
\f[
\Delta(r) = exp(- | r | )
\f]
and
\f[
\rho(r) = exp(- 2 | r | ) = \Delta^2(r)
\f]
Thus, the exact result is
\f[
U(r) = \frac{\Delta^2 (r)}{\rho^{2/3} (r)} = exp( - 2 | r | / 3)
\f]
Note that the result has a smaller exponent than the two input
functions and is therefore significant at a longer range. Since we
cannot generate information we do not have, once the input functions
degenerate into numerical noise we must expect that the ratio is
also just noise. In the physical application, the potential \f$
U(r) \f$ is applied to another function that is also decaying
expoentially, which makes \em small noise at long range not
significant. By screening to the physically expected value of zero
we therefore ensure correct physics.
*/
#include <madness/mra/mra.h>
using namespace madness;
static const double L = 30; // Half box size
static const long k = 8; // wavelet order
static const double thresh = 1e-6; // precision
static const double small = thresh*1e-4;
double delta(const coord_3d& r) {
const double x=r[0], y=r[1], z=r[2];
return exp(-sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z+1e-6));
}
double uexact(const coord_3d& r) {
return pow(delta(r),2.0/3.0);
}
// This functor is used to perform the binary operation
struct Uop {
void operator()(const Key<3>& key,
real_tensor U,
const real_tensor& Delta,
const real_tensor& rho) const {
ITERATOR(U,
double d = Delta(IND);
double p = rho(IND);
if (p<small || d<small)
U(IND) = 0.0;
else
U(IND) = d*d/pow(p,2.0/3.0);
);
}
template <typename Archive>
void serialize(Archive& ar) {}
};
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
initialize(argc, argv);
World world(SafeMPI::COMM_WORLD);
startup(world, argc, argv);
std::cout.precision(6);
FunctionDefaults<3>::set_k(k);
FunctionDefaults<3>::set_thresh(thresh);
FunctionDefaults<3>::set_cubic_cell(-L, L);
FunctionDefaults<3>::set_initial_level(4);
real_function_3d Delta = real_factory_3d(world).f(delta);
Delta.truncate(); // Deliberately truncate to introduce numerical noise
real_function_3d rho = Delta*Delta;
rho.truncate(); // Deliberately truncate to introduce numerical noise
real_function_3d U = binary_op(Delta, rho, Uop());
double err = U.err(uexact);
if (world.rank() == 0) print("Estimated error norm is ", err);
// Make the exact result just for plotting
real_function_3d exact = real_factory_3d(world).f(uexact);
// Make a line plot from the origin along the x axis to examine the functions in detail
coord_3d lo(0), hi(0);
hi[0] = L;
plot_line("binaryop.dat", 1001, lo, hi, Delta, rho, U, exact);
finalize();
return 0;
}