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A01_game_loop_and_events.html
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<h2></h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Filename: A01_game_loop_and_events.py</span>
<span class="c1"># Written by: James D. Miller</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pygame</span>
<span class="c1"># PyGame Constants</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygame.locals</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygame.color</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">THECOLORS</span>
<span class="c1"># Initialize the Pygame environment.</span>
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Create a display surface to write to.</span>
<span class="n">display_surface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_mode</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">400</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Instantiate a clock to help control the framerate.</span>
<span class="n">myclock</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Clock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the intial color of the whole pygame window.</span>
<span class="n">display_surface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">THECOLORS</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"white"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Initialize some variables.</span>
<span class="n">framerate_limit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">120</span>
<span class="n">time_s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">key_e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"U"</span>
<span class="n">key_f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"U"</span>
<span class="n">user_done</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button_UD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"U"</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">user_done</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">dt_s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myclock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">framerate_limit</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">1e-3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#myclock.tick(framerate_limit)</span>
<span class="c1">#=====================================================</span>
<span class="c1"># Get user input</span>
<span class="c1">#=====================================================</span>
<span class="c1"># loop through the list of events in the event queue.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># This main "if" structure checks the event type of each event.</span>
<span class="c1"># Depending on the event type (QUIT, KEYDOWN, KEYUP, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN, or</span>
<span class="c1"># MOUSEBUTTONUP), addition checks are made to identify the characteristics of the</span>
<span class="c1"># event.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUIT</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">user_done</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">KEYDOWN</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_ESCAPE</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">user_done</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="n">K_e</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">key_e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="n">K_f</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">key_f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">KEYUP</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="n">K_e</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">key_e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'U'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="n">K_f</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">key_f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'U'</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOUSEBUTTONDOWN</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button_UD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span>
<span class="c1"># The get_pressed method returns T/F values in a tuple.</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">button1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">button3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mouse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_pressed</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">button1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">button2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">button3</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOUSEBUTTONUP</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">mouse_button_UD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'U'</span>
<span class="c1"># Get the cursor position: x,y. Return this as a tuple.</span>
<span class="n">mouse_xy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mouse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_pos</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#=====================================================</span>
<span class="c1"># End of user input collection</span>
<span class="c1">#=====================================================</span>
<span class="c1"># Erase the screen if the "d" key is pressed. Do this by filling the entire</span>
<span class="c1"># screen with grey color.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key_e</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">display_surface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">THECOLORS</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"grey"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Determine the color for the circle based on if a mouse button is up (U) or down (D).</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">mouse_button_UD</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mouse_button</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="n">circle_color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">THECOLORS</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"yellow"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">mouse_button_UD</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mouse_button</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="n">circle_color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">THECOLORS</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"red"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">circle_color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">THECOLORS</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"blue"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Draw the circle</span>
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">draw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display_surface</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">circle_color</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mouse_xy</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Add the incremental time to our time variable.</span>
<span class="n">time_s</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">dt_s</span>
<span class="c1"># Print to the command window.</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">time_s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dt_s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">myclock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_fps</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># If the "f" key is up (not Down), update the entire display window. </span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key_f</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flip</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
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