main.go

// Copyright 2015 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// The main package for the Prometheus server executable.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/md5"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	_ "net/http/pprof" // Comment this line to disable pprof endpoint.
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-kit/kit/log"
	"github.com/go-kit/kit/log/level"
	"github.com/oklog/oklog/pkg/group"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
	"gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2"
	k8s_runtime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"

	"github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/promlog"
	promlogflag "github.com/prometheus/common/promlog/flag"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery"
	sd_config "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/config"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/notifier"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/retrieval"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/rules"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/remote"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/tsdb"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/strutil"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/web"
)

var (
	configSuccess = prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
		Namespace: "prometheus",
		Name:      "config_last_reload_successful",
		Help:      "Whether the last configuration reload attempt was successful.",
	})
	configSuccessTime = prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
		Namespace: "prometheus",
		Name:      "config_last_reload_success_timestamp_seconds",
		Help:      "Timestamp of the last successful configuration reload.",
	})
)

func init() {
	prometheus.MustRegister(version.NewCollector("prometheus"))
}

func main() {
	if os.Getenv("DEBUG") != "" {
		runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(20)
		runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(20)
	}

	cfg := struct {
		configFile string

		localStoragePath string
		notifier         notifier.Options
		notifierTimeout  model.Duration
		queryEngine      promql.EngineOptions
		web              web.Options
		tsdb             tsdb.Options
		lookbackDelta    model.Duration
		webTimeout       model.Duration
		queryTimeout     model.Duration

		prometheusURL string

		logLevel promlog.AllowedLevel
	}{
		notifier: notifier.Options{
			Registerer: prometheus.DefaultRegisterer,
		},
		queryEngine: promql.EngineOptions{
			Metrics: prometheus.DefaultRegisterer,
		},
	}

	a := kingpin.New(filepath.Base(os.Args[0]), "The Prometheus monitoring server")

	a.Version(version.Print("prometheus"))

	a.HelpFlag.Short('h')

	a.Flag("config.file", "Prometheus configuration file path.").
		Default("prometheus.yml").StringVar(&cfg.configFile)

	a.Flag("web.listen-address", "Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry.").
		Default("0.0.0.0:9090").StringVar(&cfg.web.ListenAddress)

	a.Flag("web.read-timeout",
		"Maximum duration before timing out read of the request, and closing idle connections.").
		Default("5m").SetValue(&cfg.webTimeout)

	a.Flag("web.max-connections", "Maximum number of simultaneous connections.").
		Default("512").IntVar(&cfg.web.MaxConnections)

	a.Flag("web.external-url",
		"The URL under which Prometheus is externally reachable (for example, if Prometheus is served via a reverse proxy). Used for generating relative and absolute links back to Prometheus itself. If the URL has a path portion, it will be used to prefix all HTTP endpoints served by Prometheus. If omitted, relevant URL components will be derived automatically.").
		PlaceHolder("<URL>").StringVar(&cfg.prometheusURL)

	a.Flag("web.route-prefix",
		"Prefix for the internal routes of web endpoints. Defaults to path of --web.external-url.").
		PlaceHolder("<path>").StringVar(&cfg.web.RoutePrefix)

	a.Flag("web.user-assets", "Path to static asset directory, available at /user.").
		PlaceHolder("<path>").StringVar(&cfg.web.UserAssetsPath)

	a.Flag("web.enable-lifecycle", "Enable shutdown and reload via HTTP request.").
		Default("false").BoolVar(&cfg.web.EnableLifecycle)

	a.Flag("web.enable-admin-api", "Enables API endpoints for admin control actions.").
		Default("false").BoolVar(&cfg.web.EnableAdminAPI)

	a.Flag("web.console.templates", "Path to the console template directory, available at /consoles.").
		Default("consoles").StringVar(&cfg.web.ConsoleTemplatesPath)

	a.Flag("web.console.libraries", "Path to the console library directory.").
		Default("console_libraries").StringVar(&cfg.web.ConsoleLibrariesPath)

	a.Flag("storage.tsdb.path", "Base path for metrics storage.").
		Default("data/").StringVar(&cfg.localStoragePath)

	a.Flag("storage.tsdb.min-block-duration", "Minimum duration of a data block before being persisted. For use in testing.").
		Hidden().Default("2h").SetValue(&cfg.tsdb.MinBlockDuration)

	a.Flag("storage.tsdb.max-block-duration",
		"Maximum duration compacted blocks may span. For use in testing. (Defaults to 10% of the retention period).").
		Hidden().PlaceHolder("<duration>").SetValue(&cfg.tsdb.MaxBlockDuration)

	a.Flag("storage.tsdb.retention", "How long to retain samples in the storage.").
		Default("15d").SetValue(&cfg.tsdb.Retention)

	a.Flag("storage.tsdb.no-lockfile", "Do not create lockfile in data directory.").
		Default("false").BoolVar(&cfg.tsdb.NoLockfile)

	a.Flag("alertmanager.notification-queue-capacity", "The capacity of the queue for pending alert manager notifications.").
		Default("10000").IntVar(&cfg.notifier.QueueCapacity)

	a.Flag("alertmanager.timeout", "Timeout for sending alerts to Alertmanager.").
		Default("10s").SetValue(&cfg.notifierTimeout)

	a.Flag("query.lookback-delta", "The delta difference allowed for retrieving metrics during expression evaluations.").
		Default("5m").SetValue(&cfg.lookbackDelta)

	a.Flag("query.timeout", "Maximum time a query may take before being aborted.").
		Default("2m").SetValue(&cfg.queryTimeout)

	a.Flag("query.max-concurrency", "Maximum number of queries executed concurrently.").
		Default("20").IntVar(&cfg.queryEngine.MaxConcurrentQueries)

	promlogflag.AddFlags(a, &cfg.logLevel)

	_, err := a.Parse(os.Args[1:])
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error parsing commandline arguments"))
		a.Usage(os.Args[1:])
		os.Exit(2)
	}

	cfg.web.ExternalURL, err = computeExternalURL(cfg.prometheusURL, cfg.web.ListenAddress)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "parse external URL %q", cfg.prometheusURL))
		os.Exit(2)
	}

	cfg.web.ReadTimeout = time.Duration(cfg.webTimeout)
	// Default -web.route-prefix to path of -web.external-url.
	if cfg.web.RoutePrefix == "" {
		cfg.web.RoutePrefix = cfg.web.ExternalURL.Path
	}
	// RoutePrefix must always be at least '/'.
	cfg.web.RoutePrefix = "/" + strings.Trim(cfg.web.RoutePrefix, "/")

	if cfg.tsdb.MaxBlockDuration == 0 {
		cfg.tsdb.MaxBlockDuration = cfg.tsdb.Retention / 10
	}

	promql.LookbackDelta = time.Duration(cfg.lookbackDelta)

	cfg.queryEngine.Timeout = time.Duration(cfg.queryTimeout)

	logger := promlog.New(cfg.logLevel)

	// XXX(fabxc): Kubernetes does background logging which we can only customize by modifying
	// a global variable.
	// Ultimately, here is the best place to set it.
	k8s_runtime.ErrorHandlers = []func(error){
		func(err error) {
			level.Error(log.With(logger, "component", "k8s_client_runtime")).Log("err", err)
		},
	}

	level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Starting Prometheus", "version", version.Info())
	level.Info(logger).Log("build_context", version.BuildContext())
	level.Info(logger).Log("host_details", Uname())
	level.Info(logger).Log("fd_limits", FdLimits())

	var (
		localStorage  = &tsdb.ReadyStorage{}
		remoteStorage = remote.NewStorage(log.With(logger, "component", "remote"), localStorage.StartTime)
		fanoutStorage = storage.NewFanout(logger, localStorage, remoteStorage)
	)

	cfg.queryEngine.Logger = log.With(logger, "component", "query engine")
	var (
		ctxWeb, cancelWeb = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		ctxRule           = context.Background()

		notifier               = notifier.New(&cfg.notifier, log.With(logger, "component", "notifier"))
		discoveryManagerScrape = discovery.NewManager(log.With(logger, "component", "discovery manager scrape"))
		discoveryManagerNotify = discovery.NewManager(log.With(logger, "component", "discovery manager notify"))
		scrapeManager          = retrieval.NewScrapeManager(log.With(logger, "component", "scrape manager"), fanoutStorage)
		queryEngine            = promql.NewEngine(fanoutStorage, &cfg.queryEngine)
		ruleManager            = rules.NewManager(&rules.ManagerOptions{
			Appendable:  fanoutStorage,
			QueryFunc:   rules.EngineQueryFunc(queryEngine),
			NotifyFunc:  sendAlerts(notifier, cfg.web.ExternalURL.String()),
			Context:     ctxRule,
			ExternalURL: cfg.web.ExternalURL,
			Registerer:  prometheus.DefaultRegisterer,
			Logger:      log.With(logger, "component", "rule manager"),
		})
	)

	cfg.web.Context = ctxWeb
	cfg.web.TSDB = localStorage.Get
	cfg.web.Storage = fanoutStorage
	cfg.web.QueryEngine = queryEngine
	cfg.web.ScrapeManager = scrapeManager
	cfg.web.RuleManager = ruleManager
	cfg.web.Notifier = notifier

	cfg.web.Version = &web.PrometheusVersion{
		Version:   version.Version,
		Revision:  version.Revision,
		Branch:    version.Branch,
		BuildUser: version.BuildUser,
		BuildDate: version.BuildDate,
		GoVersion: version.GoVersion,
	}

	cfg.web.Flags = map[string]string{}
	for _, f := range a.Model().Flags {
		cfg.web.Flags[f.Name] = f.Value.String()
	}

	// Depends on cfg.web.ScrapeManager so needs to be after cfg.web.ScrapeManager = scrapeManager
	webHandler := web.New(log.With(logger, "component", "web"), &cfg.web)

	// Monitor outgoing connections on default transport with conntrack.
	http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).DialContext = conntrack.NewDialContextFunc(
		conntrack.DialWithTracing(),
	)

	reloaders := []func(cfg *config.Config) error{
		remoteStorage.ApplyConfig,
		webHandler.ApplyConfig,
		// The Scrape and notifier managers need to reload before the Discovery manager as
		// they need to read the most updated config when receiving the new targets list.
		notifier.ApplyConfig,
		scrapeManager.ApplyConfig,
		func(cfg *config.Config) error {
			c := make(map[string]sd_config.ServiceDiscoveryConfig)
			for _, v := range cfg.ScrapeConfigs {
				c[v.JobName] = v.ServiceDiscoveryConfig
			}
			return discoveryManagerScrape.ApplyConfig(c)
		},
		func(cfg *config.Config) error {
			c := make(map[string]sd_config.ServiceDiscoveryConfig)
			for _, v := range cfg.AlertingConfig.AlertmanagerConfigs {
				// AlertmanagerConfigs doesn't hold an unique identifier so we use the config hash as the identifier.
				b, err := json.Marshal(v)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				c[fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(b))] = v.ServiceDiscoveryConfig
			}
			return discoveryManagerNotify.ApplyConfig(c)
		},
		func(cfg *config.Config) error {
			// Get all rule files matching the configuration oaths.
			var files []string
			for _, pat := range cfg.RuleFiles {
				fs, err := filepath.Glob(pat)
				if err != nil {
					// The only error can be a bad pattern.
					return fmt.Errorf("error retrieving rule files for %s: %s", pat, err)
				}
				files = append(files, fs...)
			}
			return ruleManager.Update(time.Duration(cfg.GlobalConfig.EvaluationInterval), files)
		},
	}

	prometheus.MustRegister(configSuccess)
	prometheus.MustRegister(configSuccessTime)

	// Start all components while we wait for TSDB to open but only load
	// initial config and mark ourselves as ready after it completed.
	dbOpen := make(chan struct{})

	// sync.Once is used to make sure we can close the channel at different execution stages(SIGTERM or when the config is loaded).
	type closeOnce struct {
		C     chan struct{}
		once  sync.Once
		Close func()
	}
	// Wait until the server is ready to handle reloading.
	reloadReady := &closeOnce{
		C: make(chan struct{}),
	}
	reloadReady.Close = func() {
		reloadReady.once.Do(func() {
			close(reloadReady.C)
		})
	}

	var g group.Group
	{
		term := make(chan os.Signal)
		signal.Notify(term, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
		cancel := make(chan struct{})
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				// Don't forget to release the reloadReady channel so that waiting blocks can exit normally.
				select {
				case <-term:
					level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "Received SIGTERM, exiting gracefully...")
					reloadReady.Close()

				case <-webHandler.Quit():
					level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "Received termination request via web service, exiting gracefully...")
				case <-cancel:
					reloadReady.Close()
					break
				}
				return nil
			},
			func(err error) {
				close(cancel)
			},
		)
	}
	{
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				err := discoveryManagerScrape.Run(ctx)
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Scrape discovery manager stopped")
				return err
			},
			func(err error) {
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Stopping scrape discovery manager...")
				cancel()
			},
		)
	}
	{
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				err := discoveryManagerNotify.Run(ctx)
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Notify discovery manager stopped")
				return err
			},
			func(err error) {
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Stopping notify discovery manager...")
				cancel()
			},
		)
	}
	{
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				// When the scrape manager receives a new targets list
				// it needs to read a valid config for each job.
				// It depends on the config being in sync with the discovery manager so
				// we wait until the config is fully loaded.
				select {
				case <-reloadReady.C:
					break
				}

				err := scrapeManager.Run(discoveryManagerScrape.SyncCh())
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Scrape manager stopped")
				return err
			},
			func(err error) {
				// Scrape manager needs to be stopped before closing the local TSDB
				// so that it doesn't try to write samples to a closed storage.
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Stopping scrape manager...")
				scrapeManager.Stop()
			},
		)
	}
	{
		// Make sure that sighup handler is registered with a redirect to the channel before the potentially
		// long and synchronous tsdb init.
		hup := make(chan os.Signal)
		signal.Notify(hup, syscall.SIGHUP)
		cancel := make(chan struct{})
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				select {
				case <-reloadReady.C:
					break
				}

				for {
					select {
					case <-hup:
						if err := reloadConfig(cfg.configFile, logger, reloaders...); err != nil {
							level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Error reloading config", "err", err)
						}
					case rc := <-webHandler.Reload():
						if err := reloadConfig(cfg.configFile, logger, reloaders...); err != nil {
							level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Error reloading config", "err", err)
							rc <- err
						} else {
							rc <- nil
						}
					case <-cancel:
						return nil
					}
				}

			},
			func(err error) {
				close(cancel)
			},
		)
	}
	{
		cancel := make(chan struct{})
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				select {
				case <-dbOpen:
					break
				// In case a shutdown is initiated before the dbOpen is released
				case <-cancel:
					reloadReady.Close()
					return nil
				}

				if err := reloadConfig(cfg.configFile, logger, reloaders...); err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("Error loading config %s", err)
				}

				reloadReady.Close()

				webHandler.Ready()
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Server is ready to receive web requests.")
				<-cancel
				return nil
			},
			func(err error) {
				close(cancel)
			},
		)
	}
	{
		cancel := make(chan struct{})
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Starting TSDB ...")
				db, err := tsdb.Open(
					cfg.localStoragePath,
					log.With(logger, "component", "tsdb"),
					prometheus.DefaultRegisterer,
					&cfg.tsdb,
				)
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("Opening storage failed %s", err)
				}
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "TSDB started")

				startTimeMargin := int64(2 * time.Duration(cfg.tsdb.MinBlockDuration).Seconds() * 1000)
				localStorage.Set(db, startTimeMargin)
				close(dbOpen)
				<-cancel
				return nil
			},
			func(err error) {
				if err := fanoutStorage.Close(); err != nil {
					level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Error stopping storage", "err", err)
				}
				close(cancel)
			},
		)
	}
	{
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				if err := webHandler.Run(ctxWeb); err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("Error starting web server: %s", err)
				}
				return nil
			},
			func(err error) {
				// Keep this interrupt before the ruleManager.Stop().
				// Shutting down the query engine before the rule manager will cause pending queries
				// to be canceled and ensures a quick shutdown of the rule manager.
				cancelWeb()
			},
		)
	}
	{
		// TODO(krasi) refactor ruleManager.Run() to be blocking to avoid using an extra blocking channel.
		cancel := make(chan struct{})
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				ruleManager.Run()
				<-cancel
				return nil
			},
			func(err error) {
				ruleManager.Stop()
				close(cancel)
			},
		)
	}
	{
		// Calling notifier.Stop() before ruleManager.Stop() will cause a panic if the ruleManager isn't running,
		// so keep this interrupt after the ruleManager.Stop().
		g.Add(
			func() error {
				// When the notifier manager receives a new targets list
				// it needs to read a valid config for each job.
				// It depends on the config being in sync with the discovery manager
				// so we wait until the config is fully loaded.
				select {
				case <-reloadReady.C:
					break
				}
				notifier.Run(discoveryManagerNotify.SyncCh())
				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Notifier manager stopped")
				return nil
			},
			func(err error) {
				notifier.Stop()
			},
		)
	}
	if err := g.Run(); err != nil {
		level.Error(logger).Log("err", err)
	}
	level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "See you next time!")
}

func reloadConfig(filename string, logger log.Logger, rls ...func(*config.Config) error) (err error) {
	level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Loading configuration file", "filename", filename)

	defer func() {
		if err == nil {
			configSuccess.Set(1)
			configSuccessTime.Set(float64(time.Now().Unix()))
		} else {
			configSuccess.Set(0)
		}
	}()

	conf, err := config.LoadFile(filename)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't load configuration (--config.file=%s): %v", filename, err)
	}

	failed := false
	for _, rl := range rls {
		if err := rl(conf); err != nil {
			level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Failed to apply configuration", "err", err)
			failed = true
		}
	}
	if failed {
		return fmt.Errorf("one or more errors occurred while applying the new configuration (--config.file=%s)", filename)
	}
	return nil
}

func startsOrEndsWithQuote(s string) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(s, "\"") || strings.HasPrefix(s, "'") ||
		strings.HasSuffix(s, "\"") || strings.HasSuffix(s, "'")
}

// computeExternalURL computes a sanitized external URL from a raw input. It infers unset
// URL parts from the OS and the given listen address.
func computeExternalURL(u, listenAddr string) (*url.URL, error) {
	if u == "" {
		hostname, err := os.Hostname()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(listenAddr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		u = fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:%s/", hostname, port)
	}

	if startsOrEndsWithQuote(u) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("URL must not begin or end with quotes")
	}

	eu, err := url.Parse(u)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ppref := strings.TrimRight(eu.Path, "/")
	if ppref != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(ppref, "/") {
		ppref = "/" + ppref
	}
	eu.Path = ppref

	return eu, nil
}

// sendAlerts implements a the rules.NotifyFunc for a Notifier.
// It filters any non-firing alerts from the input.
func sendAlerts(n *notifier.Notifier, externalURL string) rules.NotifyFunc {
	return func(ctx context.Context, expr string, alerts ...*rules.Alert) error {
		var res []*notifier.Alert

		for _, alert := range alerts {
			// Only send actually firing alerts.
			if alert.State == rules.StatePending {
				continue
			}
			a := &notifier.Alert{
				StartsAt:     alert.FiredAt,
				Labels:       alert.Labels,
				Annotations:  alert.Annotations,
				GeneratorURL: externalURL + strutil.TableLinkForExpression(expr),
			}
			if !alert.ResolvedAt.IsZero() {
				a.EndsAt = alert.ResolvedAt
			}
			res = append(res, a)
		}

		if len(alerts) > 0 {
			n.Send(res...)
		}
		return nil
	}
}