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acountry.c
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acountry.c
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/*
*
* IP-address/hostname to country converter.
*
* Problem; you want to know where IP a.b.c.d is located.
*
* Use ares_gethostbyname ("d.c.b.a.zz.countries.nerd.dk")
* and get the CNAME (host->h_name). Result will be:
* CNAME = zz<CC>.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.x.y (ver 1) or
* CNAME = <a.b.c.d>.zz.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.x.y (ver 2)
*
* The 2 letter country code is in <CC> and the ISO-3166 country
* number is in x.y (number = x*256 + y). Version 2 of the protocol is missing
* the <CC> number.
*
* Ref: http://countries.nerd.dk/more.html
*
* Written by G. Vanem <gvanem@broadpark.no> 2006, 2007
*
* NB! This program may not be big-endian aware.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software and its documentation for any purpose and without
* fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
* notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
* notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
* documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in
* advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
* software without specific, written prior permission.
* M.I.T. makes no representations about the suitability of
* this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
* without express or implied warranty.
*/
#include "ares_setup.h"
#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
#include <strings.h>
#endif
#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(WATT32)
#include <winsock.h>
#else
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#endif
#include "ares.h"
#include "ares_getopt.h"
#include "ares_nowarn.h"
#ifndef HAVE_STRDUP
# include "ares_strdup.h"
# define strdup(ptr) ares_strdup(ptr)
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_STRCASECMP
# include "ares_strcasecmp.h"
# define strcasecmp(p1,p2) ares_strcasecmp(p1,p2)
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_STRNCASECMP
# include "ares_strcasecmp.h"
# define strncasecmp(p1,p2,n) ares_strncasecmp(p1,p2,n)
#endif
#ifndef INADDR_NONE
#define INADDR_NONE 0xffffffff
#endif
static const char *usage = "acountry [-vh?] {host|addr} ...\n";
static const char nerd_fmt[] = "%u.%u.%u.%u.zz.countries.nerd.dk";
static const char *nerd_ver1 = nerd_fmt + 14;
static const char *nerd_ver2 = nerd_fmt + 11;
static int verbose = 0;
#define TRACE(fmt) do { \
if (verbose > 0) \
printf fmt ; \
} WHILE_FALSE
static void wait_ares(ares_channel channel);
static void callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host);
static void callback2(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host);
static void find_country_from_cname(const char *cname, struct in_addr addr);
static void Abort(const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
ares_channel channel;
int ch, status;
#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(WATT32)
WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(USE_WINSOCK,USE_WINSOCK);
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
#endif
status = ares_library_init(ARES_LIB_INIT_ALL);
if (status != ARES_SUCCESS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ares_library_init: %s\n", ares_strerror(status));
return 1;
}
while ((ch = ares_getopt(argc, argv, "dvh?")) != -1)
switch (ch)
{
case 'd':
#ifdef WATT32
dbug_init();
#endif
break;
case 'v':
verbose++;
break;
case 'h':
case '?':
default:
Abort(usage);
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc < 1)
Abort(usage);
status = ares_init(&channel);
if (status != ARES_SUCCESS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ares_init: %s\n", ares_strerror(status));
return 1;
}
/* Initiate the queries, one per command-line argument. */
for ( ; *argv; argv++)
{
struct in_addr addr;
char buf[100];
/* If this fails, assume '*argv' is a host-name that
* must be resolved first
*/
if (ares_inet_pton(AF_INET, *argv, &addr) != 1)
{
ares_gethostbyname(channel, *argv, AF_INET, callback2, &addr);
wait_ares(channel);
if (addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
{
printf("Failed to lookup %s\n", *argv);
continue;
}
}
sprintf(buf, nerd_fmt,
(unsigned int)(addr.s_addr >> 24),
(unsigned int)((addr.s_addr >> 16) & 255),
(unsigned int)((addr.s_addr >> 8) & 255),
(unsigned int)(addr.s_addr & 255));
TRACE(("Looking up %s...", buf));
fflush(stdout);
ares_gethostbyname(channel, buf, AF_INET, callback, buf);
}
wait_ares(channel);
ares_destroy(channel);
ares_library_cleanup();
#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(WATT32)
WSACleanup();
#endif
return 0;
}
/*
* Wait for the queries to complete.
*/
static void wait_ares(ares_channel channel)
{
for (;;)
{
struct timeval *tvp, tv;
fd_set read_fds, write_fds;
int nfds;
FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
FD_ZERO(&write_fds);
nfds = ares_fds(channel, &read_fds, &write_fds);
if (nfds == 0)
break;
tvp = ares_timeout(channel, NULL, &tv);
nfds = select(nfds, &read_fds, &write_fds, NULL, tvp);
if (nfds < 0)
continue;
ares_process(channel, &read_fds, &write_fds);
}
}
/*
* This is the callback used when we have the IP-address of interest.
* Extract the CNAME and figure out the country-code from it.
*/
static void callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host)
{
const char *name = (const char*)arg;
const char *cname;
char buf[20];
(void)timeouts;
if (!host || status != ARES_SUCCESS)
{
printf("Failed to lookup %s: %s\n", name, ares_strerror(status));
return;
}
TRACE(("\nFound address %s, name %s\n",
ares_inet_ntop(AF_INET,(const char*)host->h_addr,buf,sizeof(buf)),
host->h_name));
cname = host->h_name; /* CNAME gets put here */
if (!cname)
printf("Failed to get CNAME for %s\n", name);
else
find_country_from_cname(cname, *(struct in_addr*)host->h_addr);
}
/*
* This is the callback used to obtain the IP-address of the host of interest.
*/
static void callback2(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host)
{
struct in_addr *addr = (struct in_addr*) arg;
(void)timeouts;
if (!host || status != ARES_SUCCESS)
memset(addr, INADDR_NONE, sizeof(*addr));
else
memcpy(addr, host->h_addr, sizeof(*addr));
}
struct search_list {
int country_number; /* ISO-3166 country number */
char short_name[3]; /* A2 short country code */
const char *long_name; /* normal country name */
};
static const struct search_list *list_lookup(int number, const struct search_list *list, int num)
{
while (num > 0 && list->long_name)
{
if (list->country_number == number)
return (list);
num--;
list++;
}
return (NULL);
}
/*
* Ref: ftp://ftp.ripe.net/iso3166-countrycodes.txt
*/
static const struct search_list country_list[] = {
{ 4, "af", "Afghanistan" },
{ 248, "ax", "Åland Island" },
{ 8, "al", "Albania" },
{ 12, "dz", "Algeria" },
{ 16, "as", "American Samoa" },
{ 20, "ad", "Andorra" },
{ 24, "ao", "Angola" },
{ 660, "ai", "Anguilla" },
{ 10, "aq", "Antarctica" },
{ 28, "ag", "Antigua & Barbuda" },
{ 32, "ar", "Argentina" },
{ 51, "am", "Armenia" },
{ 533, "aw", "Aruba" },
{ 36, "au", "Australia" },
{ 40, "at", "Austria" },
{ 31, "az", "Azerbaijan" },
{ 44, "bs", "Bahamas" },
{ 48, "bh", "Bahrain" },
{ 50, "bd", "Bangladesh" },
{ 52, "bb", "Barbados" },
{ 112, "by", "Belarus" },
{ 56, "be", "Belgium" },
{ 84, "bz", "Belize" },
{ 204, "bj", "Benin" },
{ 60, "bm", "Bermuda" },
{ 64, "bt", "Bhutan" },
{ 68, "bo", "Bolivia" },
{ 70, "ba", "Bosnia & Herzegowina" },
{ 72, "bw", "Botswana" },
{ 74, "bv", "Bouvet Island" },
{ 76, "br", "Brazil" },
{ 86, "io", "British Indian Ocean Territory" },
{ 96, "bn", "Brunei Darussalam" },
{ 100, "bg", "Bulgaria" },
{ 854, "bf", "Burkina Faso" },
{ 108, "bi", "Burundi" },
{ 116, "kh", "Cambodia" },
{ 120, "cm", "Cameroon" },
{ 124, "ca", "Canada" },
{ 132, "cv", "Cape Verde" },
{ 136, "ky", "Cayman Islands" },
{ 140, "cf", "Central African Republic" },
{ 148, "td", "Chad" },
{ 152, "cl", "Chile" },
{ 156, "cn", "China" },
{ 162, "cx", "Christmas Island" },
{ 166, "cc", "Cocos Islands" },
{ 170, "co", "Colombia" },
{ 174, "km", "Comoros" },
{ 178, "cg", "Congo" },
{ 180, "cd", "Congo" },
{ 184, "ck", "Cook Islands" },
{ 188, "cr", "Costa Rica" },
{ 384, "ci", "Cote d'Ivoire" },
{ 191, "hr", "Croatia" },
{ 192, "cu", "Cuba" },
{ 196, "cy", "Cyprus" },
{ 203, "cz", "Czech Republic" },
{ 208, "dk", "Denmark" },
{ 262, "dj", "Djibouti" },
{ 212, "dm", "Dominica" },
{ 214, "do", "Dominican Republic" },
{ 218, "ec", "Ecuador" },
{ 818, "eg", "Egypt" },
{ 222, "sv", "El Salvador" },
{ 226, "gq", "Equatorial Guinea" },
{ 232, "er", "Eritrea" },
{ 233, "ee", "Estonia" },
{ 231, "et", "Ethiopia" },
{ 238, "fk", "Falkland Islands" },
{ 234, "fo", "Faroe Islands" },
{ 242, "fj", "Fiji" },
{ 246, "fi", "Finland" },
{ 250, "fr", "France" },
{ 249, "fx", "France, Metropolitan" },
{ 254, "gf", "French Guiana" },
{ 258, "pf", "French Polynesia" },
{ 260, "tf", "French Southern Territories" },
{ 266, "ga", "Gabon" },
{ 270, "gm", "Gambia" },
{ 268, "ge", "Georgia" },
{ 276, "de", "Germany" },
{ 288, "gh", "Ghana" },
{ 292, "gi", "Gibraltar" },
{ 300, "gr", "Greece" },
{ 304, "gl", "Greenland" },
{ 308, "gd", "Grenada" },
{ 312, "gp", "Guadeloupe" },
{ 316, "gu", "Guam" },
{ 320, "gt", "Guatemala" },
{ 324, "gn", "Guinea" },
{ 624, "gw", "Guinea-Bissau" },
{ 328, "gy", "Guyana" },
{ 332, "ht", "Haiti" },
{ 334, "hm", "Heard & Mc Donald Islands" },
{ 336, "va", "Vatican City" },
{ 340, "hn", "Honduras" },
{ 344, "hk", "Hong kong" },
{ 348, "hu", "Hungary" },
{ 352, "is", "Iceland" },
{ 356, "in", "India" },
{ 360, "id", "Indonesia" },
{ 364, "ir", "Iran" },
{ 368, "iq", "Iraq" },
{ 372, "ie", "Ireland" },
{ 376, "il", "Israel" },
{ 380, "it", "Italy" },
{ 388, "jm", "Jamaica" },
{ 392, "jp", "Japan" },
{ 400, "jo", "Jordan" },
{ 398, "kz", "Kazakhstan" },
{ 404, "ke", "Kenya" },
{ 296, "ki", "Kiribati" },
{ 408, "kp", "Korea (north)" },
{ 410, "kr", "Korea (south)" },
{ 414, "kw", "Kuwait" },
{ 417, "kg", "Kyrgyzstan" },
{ 418, "la", "Laos" },
{ 428, "lv", "Latvia" },
{ 422, "lb", "Lebanon" },
{ 426, "ls", "Lesotho" },
{ 430, "lr", "Liberia" },
{ 434, "ly", "Libya" },
{ 438, "li", "Liechtenstein" },
{ 440, "lt", "Lithuania" },
{ 442, "lu", "Luxembourg" },
{ 446, "mo", "Macao" },
{ 807, "mk", "Macedonia" },
{ 450, "mg", "Madagascar" },
{ 454, "mw", "Malawi" },
{ 458, "my", "Malaysia" },
{ 462, "mv", "Maldives" },
{ 466, "ml", "Mali" },
{ 470, "mt", "Malta" },
{ 584, "mh", "Marshall Islands" },
{ 474, "mq", "Martinique" },
{ 478, "mr", "Mauritania" },
{ 480, "mu", "Mauritius" },
{ 175, "yt", "Mayotte" },
{ 484, "mx", "Mexico" },
{ 583, "fm", "Micronesia" },
{ 498, "md", "Moldova" },
{ 492, "mc", "Monaco" },
{ 496, "mn", "Mongolia" },
{ 500, "ms", "Montserrat" },
{ 504, "ma", "Morocco" },
{ 508, "mz", "Mozambique" },
{ 104, "mm", "Myanmar" },
{ 516, "na", "Namibia" },
{ 520, "nr", "Nauru" },
{ 524, "np", "Nepal" },
{ 528, "nl", "Netherlands" },
{ 530, "an", "Netherlands Antilles" },
{ 540, "nc", "New Caledonia" },
{ 554, "nz", "New Zealand" },
{ 558, "ni", "Nicaragua" },
{ 562, "ne", "Niger" },
{ 566, "ng", "Nigeria" },
{ 570, "nu", "Niue" },
{ 574, "nf", "Norfolk Island" },
{ 580, "mp", "Northern Mariana Islands" },
{ 578, "no", "Norway" },
{ 512, "om", "Oman" },
{ 586, "pk", "Pakistan" },
{ 585, "pw", "Palau" },
{ 275, "ps", "Palestinian Territory" },
{ 591, "pa", "Panama" },
{ 598, "pg", "Papua New Guinea" },
{ 600, "py", "Paraguay" },
{ 604, "pe", "Peru" },
{ 608, "ph", "Philippines" },
{ 612, "pn", "Pitcairn" },
{ 616, "pl", "Poland" },
{ 620, "pt", "Portugal" },
{ 630, "pr", "Puerto Rico" },
{ 634, "qa", "Qatar" },
{ 638, "re", "Reunion" },
{ 642, "ro", "Romania" },
{ 643, "ru", "Russia" },
{ 646, "rw", "Rwanda" },
{ 659, "kn", "Saint Kitts & Nevis" },
{ 662, "lc", "Saint Lucia" },
{ 670, "vc", "Saint Vincent" },
{ 882, "ws", "Samoa" },
{ 674, "sm", "San Marino" },
{ 678, "st", "Sao Tome & Principe" },
{ 682, "sa", "Saudi Arabia" },
{ 686, "sn", "Senegal" },
{ 891, "cs", "Serbia and Montenegro" },
{ 690, "sc", "Seychelles" },
{ 694, "sl", "Sierra Leone" },
{ 702, "sg", "Singapore" },
{ 703, "sk", "Slovakia" },
{ 705, "si", "Slovenia" },
{ 90, "sb", "Solomon Islands" },
{ 706, "so", "Somalia" },
{ 710, "za", "South Africa" },
{ 239, "gs", "South Georgia" },
{ 724, "es", "Spain" },
{ 144, "lk", "Sri Lanka" },
{ 654, "sh", "St. Helena" },
{ 666, "pm", "St. Pierre & Miquelon" },
{ 736, "sd", "Sudan" },
{ 740, "sr", "Suriname" },
{ 744, "sj", "Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands" },
{ 748, "sz", "Swaziland" },
{ 752, "se", "Sweden" },
{ 756, "ch", "Switzerland" },
{ 760, "sy", "Syrian Arab Republic" },
{ 626, "tl", "Timor-Leste" },
{ 158, "tw", "Taiwan" },
{ 762, "tj", "Tajikistan" },
{ 834, "tz", "Tanzania" },
{ 764, "th", "Thailand" },
{ 768, "tg", "Togo" },
{ 772, "tk", "Tokelau" },
{ 776, "to", "Tonga" },
{ 780, "tt", "Trinidad & Tobago" },
{ 788, "tn", "Tunisia" },
{ 792, "tr", "Turkey" },
{ 795, "tm", "Turkmenistan" },
{ 796, "tc", "Turks & Caicos Islands" },
{ 798, "tv", "Tuvalu" },
{ 800, "ug", "Uganda" },
{ 804, "ua", "Ukraine" },
{ 784, "ae", "United Arab Emirates" },
{ 826, "gb", "United Kingdom" },
{ 840, "us", "United States" },
{ 581, "um", "United States Minor Outlying Islands" },
{ 858, "uy", "Uruguay" },
{ 860, "uz", "Uzbekistan" },
{ 548, "vu", "Vanuatu" },
{ 862, "ve", "Venezuela" },
{ 704, "vn", "Vietnam" },
{ 92, "vg", "Virgin Islands (British)" },
{ 850, "vi", "Virgin Islands (US)" },
{ 876, "wf", "Wallis & Futuna Islands" },
{ 732, "eh", "Western Sahara" },
{ 887, "ye", "Yemen" },
{ 894, "zm", "Zambia" },
{ 716, "zw", "Zimbabwe" }
};
/*
* Check if start of 'str' is simply an IPv4 address.
*/
#define BYTE_OK(x) ((x) >= 0 && (x) <= 255)
static int is_addr(char *str, char **end)
{
int a0, a1, a2, a3, num, rc = 0, length = 0;
num = sscanf(str,"%3d.%3d.%3d.%3d%n",&a0,&a1,&a2,&a3,&length);
if( (num == 4) &&
BYTE_OK(a0) && BYTE_OK(a1) && BYTE_OK(a2) && BYTE_OK(a3) &&
length >= (3+4))
{
rc = 1;
*end = str + length;
}
return rc;
}
/*
* Find the country-code and name from the CNAME. E.g.:
* version 1: CNAME = zzno.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.2.66
* yields ccode_A" = "no" and cnumber 578 (2.66).
* version 2: CNAME = <a.b.c.d>.zz.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.2.66
* yields cnumber 578 (2.66). ccode_A is "";
*/
static void find_country_from_cname(const char *cname, struct in_addr addr)
{
const struct search_list *country;
char ccode_A2[3], *ccopy, *dot_4;
int cnumber, z0, z1, ver_1, ver_2;
unsigned long ip;
ip = ntohl(addr.s_addr);
z0 = TOLOWER(cname[0]);
z1 = TOLOWER(cname[1]);
ccopy = strdup(cname);
dot_4 = NULL;
ver_1 = (z0 == 'z' && z1 == 'z' && !strcasecmp(cname+4,nerd_ver1));
ver_2 = (is_addr(ccopy,&dot_4) && !strcasecmp(dot_4,nerd_ver2));
if (ver_1)
{
const char *dot = strchr(cname, '.');
if ((z0 != 'z' && z1 != 'z') || dot != cname+4)
{
printf("Unexpected CNAME %s (ver_1)\n", cname);
free(ccopy);
return;
}
}
else if (ver_2)
{
z0 = TOLOWER(dot_4[1]);
z1 = TOLOWER(dot_4[2]);
if (z0 != 'z' && z1 != 'z')
{
printf("Unexpected CNAME %s (ver_2)\n", cname);
free(ccopy);
return;
}
}
else
{
printf("Unexpected CNAME %s (ver?)\n", cname);
free(ccopy);
return;
}
if (ver_1)
{
ccode_A2[0] = (char)TOLOWER(cname[2]);
ccode_A2[1] = (char)TOLOWER(cname[3]);
ccode_A2[2] = '\0';
}
else
ccode_A2[0] = '\0';
cnumber = ip & 0xFFFF;
TRACE(("Found country-code `%s', number %d\n",
ver_1 ? ccode_A2 : "<n/a>", cnumber));
country = list_lookup(cnumber, country_list,
sizeof(country_list) / sizeof(country_list[0]));
if (!country)
printf("Name for country-number %d not found.\n", cnumber);
else
{
if (ver_1)
{
if ((country->short_name[0] != ccode_A2[0]) ||
(country->short_name[1] != ccode_A2[1]) ||
(country->short_name[2] != ccode_A2[2]))
printf("short-name mismatch; %s vs %s\n",
country->short_name, ccode_A2);
}
printf("%s (%s), number %d.\n",
country->long_name, country->short_name, cnumber);
}
free(ccopy);
}