Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
353 lines (271 loc) · 14.2 KB

Search.md

File metadata and controls

353 lines (271 loc) · 14.2 KB
Raw

Search Bar

Search is a navigation pattern which provides a floating search field with a surface that allows product-specific branding and additional navigation icons.

search bar light

Contents

Using search components

Before you can use the Material Search components, you need to add a dependency to the Material Components for Android library. For more information, go to the Getting started page.

Note: Material Search is available starting from 1.8.0-alpha03. To use Material Search, make sure you're depending on library version 1.8.0-alpha03 or later.

Making Search Components accessible

You should set a content description on a search bar and search view components via the android:contentDescription attribute or setContentDescription method so that screen readers such as TalkBack are able to announce their purpose or action. Text rendered in these components are automatically provided to accessibility services, so additional content labels are usually unnecessary.

Search Bar

The SearchBar component provides an implementation of the floating search field. It extends Toolbar, so it supports a navigation icon, menu items, and any other Toolbar APIs. Additionally, the SearchBar comes with a hint TextView and supports nesting a centered branding element.

Since SearchBar extends Toolbar, you can set up your SearchBar as an ActionBar via AppCompatActivity#setSupportActionBar, and inflate a menu by overriding the onCreateOptionsMenu method. However, if using the default magnifying glass navigationIcon, you may need to set app:forceDefaultNavigationOnClickListener="true" on your SearchBar so that the search icon doesn't act as a back button due to the Activity's ActionBar setup flow.

Alternatively, you can choose to not set up your SearchBar as an ActionBar, and instead just use Toolbar's inflateMenu and setOnMenuItemClickListener methods:

searchBar.inflateMenu(R.menu.searchbar_menu);
searchBar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(
    menuItem -> {
      // Handle menuItem click.
      return true;
    });

Note: SearchBar aims to provide a consistent search bar across all apps, so it does not support setting a custom background via android:background.

Anatomy and key properties

The following is an anatomy diagram for the search bar:

Search bar anatomy diagram

  1. Container
  2. Leading icon button
  3. Supporting text
  4. Avatar or trailing icon (optional)

Attributes

The following attributes can be changed for SearchBar:

Element Attribute Related method(s) Default value
Min height android:minHeight setMinHeight
getMinHeight		 @dimen/m3_searchbar_height
Search text appearance android:textAppearance setTextAppearance
getTextAppearance		 @style/TextAppearance.Material3.SearchBar
Search text android:text setText
getText		 null
Search hint android:hint setHint
getHint		 null
Flag for default margins app:defaultMarginsEnabled -- true
Flag for navigation icon app:hideNavigationIcon -- false

Styles

Element Style
Search Bar Default style Widget.Material3.SearchBar

Default search bar style theme attribute: ?attr/materialSearchBarStyle.

Scrolling Behavior

The SearchBar can either be used as a fixed or scroll-away search field.

Fixed Mode

To set up the fixed mode, simply position the SearchBar on top of the rest of your layout's contents and do not set up any scrolling behaviors. It will remain in place as the content is scrolled beneath it.

Scroll-away Mode

To set up the scroll-away mode, use a top-level CoordinatorLayout and place the SearchBar within an AppBarLayout. Then, place the AppBarLayout below the scrolling view (usually a RecyclerView or NestedScrollView) in the CoordinatorLayout, and set app:layout_behavior="@string/searchbar_scrolling_view_behavior" on the scrolling view. This scrolling behavior makes the AppBarLayout transparent and not elevated so there are no undesirable shadows. It also adjusts the scrolling child so that the SearchBar will overlap the rest of your content and appear to be floating above it. See the XML usage section below for an example of how to set up this behavior.

Toolbar Transitions

The SearchBar component also provides transitions to and from a Toolbar, e.g., for a contextual multi-select flow. These transitions are implemented as expand and collapse animations, and can be started by calling SearchBar#expand and SearchBar#collapse, respectively. Additionally, if you are using an AppBarLayout in conjunction with the SearchBar, you may pass in a reference to your AppBarLayout to these methods so that its visibility and offset can be taken into account for the animations.

Lastly, make sure to add the following to your back pressed handling method, in order to collapse the contextual Toolbar into the SearchBar when the user presses the system back button:

if (searchBar.collapse(contextualToolbar, appBarLayout)) {
  // Clear selection.
  return;
}

API and source code

Search View

The SearchView component provides an implementation of a full-screen search view which can be used to display back navigation, a search hint and text, menu items, and search suggestions and results. It also comes with a clear text button that shows and hides depending on whether the user has entered text.

To set up a menu for your SearchView, you can use the inflateMenu and setOnMenuItemClickListener methods:

searchView.inflateMenu(R.menu.search_view_menu);
searchView.setOnMenuItemClickListener(
    menuItem -> {
      // Handle menuItem click.
      return true;
    });

Additionally, here is an example of how you can carry over the search text to the SearchBar, as well as hide the SearchView when the user finishes typing and presses enter:

searchView
    .getEditText()
    .setOnEditorActionListener(
        (v, actionId, event) -> {
          searchBar.setText(searchView.getText());
          searchView.hide();
          return false;
        });

Anatomy and key properties

The following is an anatomy diagram for the search view:

Search view anatomy diagram

  1. Container
  2. Header
  3. Leading icon button
  4. Supporting text
  5. Trailing icon button
  6. Input text
  7. Divider

Attributes

The following attributes can be changed for SearchView:

Element Attribute Related method(s) Default value
Search text appearance android:textAppearance setTextAppearance
getTextAppearance		 @style/TextAppearance.Material3.SearchBar
Search text android:text setText
getText		 null
Search hint android:hint setHint
getHint		 null
Flag for navigation icon app:hideNavigationIcon -- true
Flag for DrawerArrowDrawable app:useDrawerArrowDrawable -- false
Flag for soft keyboard app:autoShowKeyboard -- true

Styles

Element Style
Search View Default style Widget.Material3.SearchView

Default search view style theme attribute: ?attr/materialSearchViewStyle.

Expand and Collapse Animations

One of the biggest advantages of using the SearchView in conjunction with an SearchBar is that you will get the expand and collapse animations for free. If you are just using a standalone SearchView without an SearchBar, then showing or hiding the SearchView will result in slide up and slide down transitions.

Transition Listeners

If you want to get callbacks for when the SearchView transitions between its different animation states, you can add an SearchView.TransitionListener via the SearchView#addTransitionListener method. E.g.:

searchView.addTransitionListener(
    (searchView, previousState, newState) -> {
      if (newState == TransitionState.SHOWING) {
        // Handle search view opened.
      }
    });

Soft Input Modes

The recommended windowSoftInputMode when using an SearchBar and an SearchView is adjustNothing. There are a couple reasons for this:

  1. The adjustResize mode causes the screen to resize when the keyboard is shown, which can cause glitchiness during the expand and collapse animations. SearchView does address this by staggering the showing and hiding of the keyboard with the animations; however, the preferred approach is to use adjustNothing so the keyboard can be shown and hidden immediately.
  2. Resizing the screen is not usually helpful to the user during search. The user can either keep typing to see more results or start scrolling, in which case the SearchView will automatically dismiss the keyboard to show the rest of the screen.

On initial render, the SearchView will get the soft input mode from the Window, so that it can set up the above behavior. If you change the soft input mode at runtime, make sure to also invoke the SearchView#setSoftInputMode method so that the SearchView can adjust its behavior accordingly.

Lastly, if you don't want the soft keyboard to show automatically when the SearchView is shown, you can set app:autoShowKeyboard="false" on your SearchView.

Translucent Status Bar

SearchBar and SearchView come with support for a translucent status bar.

To make sure that the SearchBar doesn't appear underneath the translucent status bar, you can wrap it in a FrameLayout which has the android:fitsSystemWindows attribute set to true. For an example of how to set this up in XML, take a look at the [Search Bar Maps demo][search-bar-usage-maps].

Additionally, you should not set the android:fitsSystemWindows attribute on the SearchView. If you are using either FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS (android:windowTranslucentStatus) or FLAG_LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS, then the SearchView will automatically add an extra spacer surface so that it fills the space underneath the translucent status bar.

Menu to Back Arrow Animation

If you are using the SearchBar with a NavigationDrawer, you can set the app:useDrawerArrowDrawable attribute to true on your SearchView to enable the "hamburger" menu to back arrow icon animation. This animation will happen during the expand and collapse of the SearchView.

Search Prefix

If you would like to show some prefix text before the main search EditText, you can make use of the app:searchPrefixText attribute. For example, setting app:searchPrefixText="To:" on your SearchView will result in the fixed text label, "To:", being shown before the search EditText.

Additionally, with this pattern it is common to hide the back button to reduce clutter, as navigation can be handled outside of the search view. This can be accomplished by setting app:hideNavigationIcon="true" on your SearchView.

Putting it all together

Putting it all together and using the scroll-away mode, the SearchBar and SearchView widgets can be used in your layout as such:

<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

  <!-- NestedScrollingChild goes here (NestedScrollView, RecyclerView, etc.). -->
  <androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      app:layout_behavior="@string/searchbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
    <!-- Screen content goes here. -->
  </androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView>

  <com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <com.google.android.material.search.SearchBar
        android:id="@+id/search_bar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="@string/searchbar_hint" />
  </com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>

  <com.google.android.material.search.SearchView
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:hint="@string/searchbar_hint"
      app:layout_anchor="@id/search_bar">
    <!-- Search suggestions/results go here (ScrollView, RecyclerView, etc.). -->
  </com.google.android.material.search.SearchView>
</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

By placing the SearchBar and SearchView within a CoordinatorLayout and using the app:layout_anchor tag, they will get automatically hooked up. This sets up the behavior of showing the SearchView when the SearchBar is tapped, as well as the expand and collapse animations. If you can't use a CoordinatorLayout, instead you can call the SearchView#setUpWithSearchBar method to achieve the same result.

API and source code