notebooks/topojson.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "from topojson import Topology\n",
    "import geopandas as gpd\n",
    "\n",
    "africa = gpd.read_file(gpd.datasets.get_path(\"naturalearth_lowres\")).query('continent == \"Africa\"')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comparison simplification without Topology and with Topology"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
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       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.HConcatChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = Topology(\n",
    "    data=africa, \n",
    "    topology=False\n",
    ").toposimplify(4).to_alt().properties(title='WITHOUT Topology')\n",
    "r = Topology(\n",
    "    data=africa, \n",
    "    topology=True\n",
    ").toposimplify(4).to_alt().properties(title='WITH Topology')\n",
    "l | r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comparison no Topoquantization and with Topoquantization"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
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       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
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       "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-7005ff5339314e87a176f4700c76cf53\") {\n",
       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-7005ff5339314e87a176f4700c76cf53\");\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@5.2.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
       "    };\n",
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       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
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       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"5.2.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"hconcat\": [{\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-6e795af67051feac13dd4a7606cff570\", \"format\": {\"mesh\": \"data\", \"type\": \"topojson\"}}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"geoshape\", \"filled\": false}, \"projection\": {\"reflectY\": true, \"type\": \"identity\"}, \"title\": \"NO Topoquantization\", \"width\": 300}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-fdc16405bf3194da99b3015c46e2a254\", \"format\": {\"mesh\": \"data\", \"type\": \"topojson\"}}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"geoshape\", \"filled\": false}, \"projection\": {\"reflectY\": true, \"type\": \"identity\"}, \"title\": \"WITH Topoquantization\", \"width\": 300}], \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v5.2.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-6e795af67051feac13dd4a7606cff570\": \"{\\\"type\\\":\\\"Topology\\\",\\\"objects\\\":{\\\"data\\\":{\\\"geometries\\\":[{\\\"properties\\\":{\\\"pop_est\\\":53950935,\\\"continent\\\":\\\"Africa\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Tanzania\\\",\\\"iso_a3\\\":\\\"TZA\\\",\\\"gdp_md_est\\\":150600.0},\\\"type\\\":\\\"Polygon\\\",\\\"arcs\\\":[[-6,0,-84,-82,-77,-3,-100,-140,-137]],\\\"id\\\":1},{\\\"properties\\\":{\\\"pop_est\\\":603253,\\\"continent\\\":\\\"Africa\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"W. 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{\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.HConcatChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = Topology(africa).to_alt().properties(title='NO Topoquantization')\n",
    "r = Topology(africa).topoquantize(100).to_alt().properties(title='WITH Topoquantization')\n",
    "l | r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comparison between Douglas-Peucker simplification and Visvalingam-Whyatt simplification"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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{\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.HConcatChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "topo = Topology(africa) \n",
    "\n",
    "l = topo.toposimplify(\n",
    "    epsilon=4, \n",
    "    simplify_with='shapely', \n",
    "    simplify_algorithm='dp'\n",
    ").to_alt().properties(title=['Douglas-Peucker simplification'])\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "r = topo.toposimplify(\n",
    "    epsilon=4, \n",
    "    simplify_with='simplification', \n",
    "    simplify_algorithm='vw'\n",
    ").to_alt().properties(title='Visvalingam-Whyatt simplification')\n",
    "l | r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comparison datasize of raw GeoJSON and optimized TopoJSON"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "africa.to_file('africa.geo.json', driver='GeoJSON')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "topo = Topology(\n",
    "    data=africa, \n",
    "    simplify_with='simplification', \n",
    "    simplify_algorithm='vw', \n",
    "    toposimplify=4, \n",
    "    topoquantize=200\n",
    ")\n",
    "topo.to_json('africa.topo.json')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "africa.geo.json: 102.724 KB\n",
      "africa.topo.json: 11.916 KB\n",
      "factor smaller: 8.620678079892581 X\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "size_geojson = os.stat('africa.geo.json').st_size\n",
    "size_topojson = os.stat('africa.topo.json').st_size\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'africa.geo.json: {size_geojson/1000} KB')\n",
    "print(f'africa.topo.json: {size_topojson/1000} KB')\n",
    "print(f'factor smaller: {size_geojson/size_topojson} X')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-727975ca874949bbac88bae4d6acbb76\");\n",
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       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@5.2.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
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       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
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       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"5.2.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
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       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.HConcatChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = Topology(\n",
    "    data=africa, \n",
    "    topology=False, \n",
    "    prequantize=False\n",
    ").to_alt().properties(title=['Raw GeoJSON', '102.72 KB'])\n",
    "r = topo.to_alt().properties(\n",
    "    title=['Optimized TopoJSON', f'{size_topojson/1000} KB ({round(size_geojson/size_topojson, 2)}X smaller)']\n",
    ")\n",
    "l | r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Showcase multi-layer Topology"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"5.2.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
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\"format\": {\"mesh\": \"africa_continent\", \"type\": \"topojson\"}}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"geoshape\", \"filled\": false}, \"projection\": {\"reflectY\": true, \"type\": \"identity\"}, \"title\": \"Object `africa_continent`\", \"width\": 300}], \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v5.2.0.json\"}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.HConcatChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "continent = africa.dissolve(by='continent', as_index=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "a = Topology(\n",
    "    data=[africa, continent],  \n",
    "    object_name=['africa_countries', 'africa_continent']\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "l = a.toposimplify(1).to_alt(object_name='africa_countries').properties(title='Object `africa_countries`')\n",
    "r = a.toposimplify(1).to_alt(object_name='africa_continent').properties(title='Object `africa_continent`')\n",
    "\n",
    "import altair as alt\n",
    "alt.data_transformers.consolidate_datasets = False\n",
    "l | r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Showcase computing Topology using Jupyter Widgets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
       "model_id": "6a5ea2b9b99942c1b85c007e87fd0a89",
       "version_major": 2,
       "version_minor": 0
      },
      "text/plain": [
       "interactive(children=(FloatSlider(value=0.01, description='Toposimplify Factor', max=10.0, step=0.01, style=Sl…"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<function topojson.utils.toposimpquant(epsilon, quant, algo, topo)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = Topology(africa, prevent_oversimplify=False)\n",
    "t.to_widget()"
   ]
  }
 ],
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