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Chapter 2 Arrays and Structure

Contents

  1. Arrays
  2. Dynamically Allocated Arrays
  3. Structure and Unions
  4. Examples

1. Arrays

2. Dynamically Allocated Arrays

3. Structure and Unions

4. Examples

Polynomials

Implementation

Sparse Matrices

Implementation

String

Pattern Matching: KMP Algorithm

Implementation

Identifier

Identifier is a name we give to each variables.

c.f.

  • Start with english or underscore( _ ; usually for system variables)
  • Use only english, numbers and under score
  • Upper and lower case are different
  • Can be consist maximum 63 characters
  • Can not use keywords such as double, int, switch, if, else, return, static etc.

Types

Type is a set of values and a set of operations that can be applied on those values.

i.e. There are mainly four types.

  • void: literally empty type, meaning undefined.
  • integral
    • boolean: gets only two values - 0,1 - which represents true and false.
    • character: gets only one character as ASCII code (i.e. 1 byte; 0~255(2^8))
    • integer: gets integer numbers and this varies from short to long long integer. Each type varies in the size(size can be checked with the function 'sizeof( )') of the memory.
  • floating-point
    • real: varies from float to long double with different size.
    • imaginary
    • complex
  • derived
    • pointer
    • enumerated type
    • union
    • array
    • structure

Variables and Constants

Variables are the space that gets value, while constant is the number that does not alter along the program.

const float pi=3.141592 //constants
bool fact;
short maxItems;
long long national_debt;
float payRate=0; //variable initialization (this stage is indispensable if we use the same variable repeatedly) 
char code, kind;
int a, b;

Others

There are three more things to note-Literal Constants, Defined Constants, Memory Contstants.

i.e. There are three types of constant

  • Literal Constant: Non-named constants. This is generated if we just type a number.
a=b*5; //5 is literal constant
  • Defined Constant: The constant that does not varies alond the program; Defined before the main function starts.
#define SALES_TAX_RATE .0825
  • Memory Constant: The constant that does not varies alond the program; Defined after the main function.
const float Pi=3.141592;