class-page.md

class: Page

• extends: [EventEmitter]

Page provides methods to interact with a single tab in a [Browser], or an extension background page in Chromium. One [Browser] instance might have multiple [Page] instances.

This example creates a page, navigates it to a URL, and then saves a screenshot:

const { webkit } = require('playwright');  // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await webkit.launch();
  const context = await browser.newContext();
  const page = await context.newPage();
  await page.goto('https://example.com');
  await page.screenshot({path: 'screenshot.png'});
  await browser.close();
})();

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = await webkit.launch()
    context = await browser.new_context()
    page = await context.new_page()
    await page.goto("https://example.com")
    await page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png")
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = webkit.launch()
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")
    page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png")
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

The Page class emits various events (described below) which can be handled using any of Node's native EventEmitter methods, such as on, once or removeListener.

This example logs a message for a single page load event:

page.once('load', () => console.log('Page loaded!'));

page.once("load", lambda: print("page loaded!"))

To unsubscribe from events use the removeListener method:

function logRequest(interceptedRequest) {
  console.log('A request was made:', interceptedRequest.url());
}
page.on('request', logRequest);
// Sometime later...
page.removeListener('request', logRequest);

def log_request(intercepted_request):
    print("a request was made:", intercepted_request.url)
page.on("request", log_request)
# sometime later...
page.remove_listener("request", log_request)

event: Page.close

• type: <[Page]>

Emitted when the page closes.

event: Page.console

• type: <[ConsoleMessage]>

Emitted when JavaScript within the page calls one of console API methods, e.g. console.log or console.dir. Also emitted if the page throws an error or a warning.

The arguments passed into console.log appear as arguments on the event handler.

An example of handling console event:

page.on('console', msg => {
  for (let i = 0; i < msg.args().length; ++i)
    console.log(`${i}: ${await msg.args()[i].jsonValue()}`);
});
page.evaluate(() => console.log('hello', 5, {foo: 'bar'}));

async def print_args(msg):
    for arg in msg.args:
        print(await arg.json_value())

page.on("console", print_args)
await page.evaluate("console.log('hello', 5, {foo: 'bar'})")

def print_args(msg):
    for arg in msg.args:
        print(arg.json_value())

page.on("console", print_args)
page.evaluate("console.log('hello', 5, {foo: 'bar'})")

event: Page.crash

• type: <[Page]>

Emitted when the page crashes. Browser pages might crash if they try to allocate too much memory. When the page crashes, ongoing and subsequent operations will throw.

The most common way to deal with crashes is to catch an exception:

try {
  // Crash might happen during a click.
  await page.click('button');
  // Or while waiting for an event.
  await page.waitForEvent('popup');
} catch (e) {
  // When the page crashes, exception message contains 'crash'.
}

try:
    # crash might happen during a click.
    await page.click("button")
    # or while waiting for an event.
    await page.wait_for_event("popup")
except Error as e:
    # when the page crashes, exception message contains "crash".

try:
    # crash might happen during a click.
    page.click("button")
    # or while waiting for an event.
    page.wait_for_event("popup")
except Error as e:
    # when the page crashes, exception message contains "crash".

event: Page.dialog

• type: <[Dialog]>

Emitted when a JavaScript dialog appears, such as alert, prompt, confirm or beforeunload. Listener must either [method: Dialog.accept] or [method: Dialog.dismiss] the dialog - otherwise the page will freeze waiting for the dialog, and actions like click will never finish.

:::note When no [event: Page.dialog] listeners are present, all dialogs are automatically dismissed. :::

event: Page.DOMContentLoaded

• type: <[Page]>

Emitted when the JavaScript DOMContentLoaded event is dispatched.

event: Page.download

• type: <[Download]>

Emitted when attachment download started. User can access basic file operations on downloaded content via the passed [Download] instance.

:::note Browser context must be created with the [option: acceptDownloads] set to true when user needs access to the downloaded content. If [option: acceptDownloads] is not set, download events are emitted, but the actual download is not performed and user has no access to the downloaded files. :::

event: Page.fileChooser

• type: <[FileChooser]>

Emitted when a file chooser is supposed to appear, such as after clicking the <input type=file>. Playwright can respond to it via setting the input files using [method: FileChooser.setFiles] that can be uploaded after that.

page.on('filechooser', async (fileChooser) => {
  await fileChooser.setFiles('/tmp/myfile.pdf');
});

page.on("filechooser", lambda file_chooser: file_chooser.set_files("/tmp/myfile.pdf"))

event: Page.frameAttached

• type: <[Frame]>

Emitted when a frame is attached.

event: Page.frameDetached

• type: <[Frame]>

Emitted when a frame is detached.

event: Page.frameNavigated

• type: <[Frame]>

Emitted when a frame is navigated to a new url.

event: Page.load

• type: <[Page]>

Emitted when the JavaScript load event is dispatched.

event: Page.pageError

• type: <[Error]>

Emitted when an uncaught exception happens within the page.

event: Page.popup

• type: <[Page]>

Emitted when the page opens a new tab or window. This event is emitted in addition to the [event: BrowserContext.page], but only for popups relevant to this page.

The earliest moment that page is available is when it has navigated to the initial url. For example, when opening a popup with window.open('http://example.com'), this event will fire when the network request to "http://example.com" is done and its response has started loading in the popup.

const [popup] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForEvent('popup'),
  page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://example.com')),
]);
console.log(await popup.evaluate('location.href'));

async with page.expect_event("popup") as page_info:
    page.evaluate("window.open('https://example.com')")
popup = await page_info.value
print(await popup.evaluate("location.href"))

with page.expect_event("popup") as page_info:
    page.evaluate("window.open('https://example.com')")
popup = page_info.value
print(popup.evaluate("location.href"))

:::note Use [method: Page.waitForLoadState] to wait until the page gets to a particular state (you should not need it in most cases). :::

event: Page.request

• type: <[Request]>

Emitted when a page issues a request. The [request] object is read-only. In order to intercept and mutate requests, see [method: Page.route] or [method: BrowserContext.route].

event: Page.requestFailed

• type: <[Request]>

Emitted when a request fails, for example by timing out.

:::note HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with [event: Page.requestFinished] event and not with [event: Page.requestFailed]. :::

event: Page.requestFinished

• type: <[Request]>

Emitted when a request finishes successfully after downloading the response body. For a successful response, the sequence of events is request, response and requestfinished.

event: Page.response

• type: <[Response]>

Emitted when [response] status and headers are received for a request. For a successful response, the sequence of events is request, response and requestfinished.

event: Page.webSocket

• type: <[WebSocket]>

Emitted when <[WebSocket]> request is sent.

event: Page.worker

• type: <[Worker]>

Emitted when a dedicated WebWorker is spawned by the page.

property: Page.accessibility

• type: <[Accessibility]>

async method: Page.addInitScript

Adds a script which would be evaluated in one of the following scenarios:

• Whenever the page is navigated.
• Whenever the child frame is attached or navigated. In this case, the script is evaluated in the context of the newly attached frame.

The script is evaluated after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed Math.random.

An example of overriding Math.random before the page loads:

// preload.js
Math.random = () => 42;

// In your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same directory
await page.addInitScript({ path: './preload.js' });

# in your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same directory
await page.add_init_script(path="./preload.js")

# in your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same directory
page.add_init_script(path="./preload.js")

:::note The order of evaluation of multiple scripts installed via [method: BrowserContext.addInitScript] and [method: Page.addInitScript] is not defined. :::

param: Page.addInitScript.script

• script <[function]|[string]|[Object]>
  • path <[path]> Path to the JavaScript file. If path is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. Optional.
  • content <[string]> Raw script content. Optional.

Script to be evaluated in the page.

param: Page.addInitScript.arg

• langs: js

• arg <[Serializable]>

Optional argument to pass to [param: script] (only supported when passing a function).

async method: Page.addScriptTag

• returns: <[ElementHandle]>

Adds a <script> tag into the page with the desired url or content. Returns the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.addScriptTag].

option: Page.addScriptTag.url

• url <[string]>

URL of a script to be added.

option: Page.addScriptTag.path

• path <[path]>

Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If path is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory.

option: Page.addScriptTag.content

• content <[string]>

Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.

option: Page.addScriptTag.type

• type <[string]>

Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See script for more details.

async method: Page.addStyleTag

• returns: <[ElementHandle]>

Adds a <link rel="stylesheet"> tag into the page with the desired url or a <style type="text/css"> tag with the content. Returns the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.addStyleTag].

option: Page.addStyleTag.url

• url <[string]>

URL of the <link> tag.

option: Page.addStyleTag.path

• path <[path]>

Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If path is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory.

option: Page.addStyleTag.content

• content <[string]>

Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.

async method: Page.bringToFront

Brings page to front (activates tab).

async method: Page.check

This method checks an element matching [param: selector] by performing the following steps:

1. Find an element match matching [param: selector]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
2. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method rejects. If the element is already checked, this method returns immediately.
3. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless [option: force] option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
4. Scroll the element into view if needed.
5. Use [property: Page.mouse] to click in the center of the element.
6. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [option: noWaitAfter] option is set.
7. Ensure that the element is now checked. If not, this method rejects.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [option: timeout], this method rejects with a [TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.check].

param: Page.check.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.check.force = %%-input-force-%%

option: Page.check.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.check.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.click

This method clicks an element matching [param: selector] by performing the following steps:

1. Find an element match matching [param: selector]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless [option: force] option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
4. Use [property: Page.mouse] to click in the center of the element, or the specified [option: position].
5. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [option: noWaitAfter] option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [option: timeout], this method rejects with a [TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.click].

param: Page.click.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.click.button = %%-input-button-%%

option: Page.click.clickCount = %%-input-click-count-%%

option: Page.click.delay = %%-input-down-up-delay-%%

option: Page.click.position = %%-input-position-%%

option: Page.click.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%

option: Page.click.force = %%-input-force-%%

option: Page.click.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.click.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.close

If [option: runBeforeUnload] is false, does not run any unload handlers and waits for the page to be closed. If [option: runBeforeUnload] is true the method will run unload handlers, but will not wait for the page to close.

By default, page.close() does not run beforeunload handlers.

:::note if [option: runBeforeUnload] is passed as true, a beforeunload dialog might be summoned and should be handled manually via [event: Page.dialog] event. :::

option: Page.close.runBeforeUnload

• runBeforeUnload <[boolean]>

Defaults to false. Whether to run the before unload page handlers.

async method: Page.content

• returns: <[string]>

Gets the full HTML contents of the page, including the doctype.

method: Page.context

• returns: <[BrowserContext]>

Get the browser context that the page belongs to.

property: Page.coverage

• langs: js

• type: <[null]|[ChromiumCoverage]>

Browser-specific Coverage implementation, only available for Chromium atm. See ChromiumCoverage for more details.

async method: Page.dblclick

This method double clicks an element matching [param: selector] by performing the following steps:

1. Find an element match matching [param: selector]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless [option: force] option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
4. Use [property: Page.mouse] to double click in the center of the element, or the specified [option: position].
5. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [option: noWaitAfter] option is set. Note that if the first click of the dblclick() triggers a navigation event, this method will reject.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [option: timeout], this method rejects with a [TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

:::note page.dblclick() dispatches two click events and a single dblclick event. :::

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.dblclick].

param: Page.dblclick.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.dblclick.button = %%-input-button-%%

option: Page.dblclick.delay = %%-input-down-up-delay-%%

option: Page.dblclick.position = %%-input-position-%%

option: Page.dblclick.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%

option: Page.dblclick.force = %%-input-force-%%

option: Page.dblclick.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.dblclick.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.dispatchEvent

The snippet below dispatches the click event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the elment, click is dispatched. This is equivalend to calling element.click().

await page.dispatchEvent('button#submit', 'click');

await page.dispatch_event("button#submit", "click")

page.dispatch_event("button#submit", "click")

Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given [param: type], initializes it with [param: eventInit] properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are composed, cancelable and bubble by default.

Since [param: eventInit] is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:

• DragEvent
• FocusEvent
• KeyboardEvent
• MouseEvent
• PointerEvent
• TouchEvent
• Event

You can also specify JSHandle as the property value if you want live objects to be passed into the event:

// Note you can only create DataTransfer in Chromium and Firefox
const dataTransfer = await page.evaluateHandle(() => new DataTransfer());
await page.dispatchEvent('#source', 'dragstart', { dataTransfer });

# note you can only create data_transfer in chromium and firefox
data_transfer = await page.evaluate_handle("new DataTransfer()")
await page.dispatch_event("#source", "dragstart", { "dataTransfer": data_transfer })

# note you can only create data_transfer in chromium and firefox
data_transfer = page.evaluate_handle("new DataTransfer()")
page.dispatch_event("#source", "dragstart", { "dataTransfer": data_transfer })

param: Page.dispatchEvent.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.dispatchEvent.type

• type <[string]>

DOM event type: "click", "dragstart", etc.

param: Page.dispatchEvent.eventInit

• eventInit <[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional event-specific initialization properties.

option: Page.dispatchEvent.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.emulateMedia

await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches);
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches);
// → false

await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'print' });
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches);
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches);
// → true

await page.emulateMedia({});
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches);
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches);
// → false

await page.evaluate("matchMedia('screen').matches")
# → True
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('print').matches")
# → False

await page.emulate_media(media="print")
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('screen').matches")
# → False
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('print').matches")
# → True

await page.emulate_media()
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('screen').matches")
# → True
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('print').matches")
# → False

page.evaluate("matchMedia('screen').matches")
# → True
page.evaluate("matchMedia('print').matches")
# → False

page.emulate_media(media="print")
page.evaluate("matchMedia('screen').matches")
# → False
page.evaluate("matchMedia('print').matches")
# → True

page.emulate_media()
page.evaluate("matchMedia('screen').matches")
# → True
page.evaluate("matchMedia('print').matches")
# → False

await page.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' });
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches);
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches);
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches);
// → false

await page.emulate_media(color_scheme="dark")
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches")
# → True
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches")
# → False
await page.evaluate("matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches")
# → False

page.emulate_media(color_scheme="dark")
page.evaluate("matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches")
# → True
page.evaluate("matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches")
# → False
page.evaluate("matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches")

option: Page.emulateMedia.media

• media <null|[Media]<"screen"|"print">>

Changes the CSS media type of the page. The only allowed values are 'screen', 'print' and null. Passing null disables CSS media emulation.

option: Page.emulateMedia.colorScheme

• colorScheme <null|[ColorScheme]<"light"|"dark"|"no-preference">>

Emulates 'prefers-colors-scheme' media feature, supported values are 'light', 'dark', 'no-preference'. Passing null disables color scheme emulation.

async method: Page.evalOnSelector

• langs:
  • alias-python: eval_on_selector
  • alias-js: $eval

• returns: <[Serializable]>

The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the page and passes it as a first argument to [param: expression]. If no elements match the selector, the method throws an error. Returns the value of [param: expression].

If [param: expression] returns a [Promise], then [method: Page.evalOnSelector] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

Examples:

const searchValue = await page.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await page.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await page.$eval('.main-container', (e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix, 'hello');

search_value = await page.eval_on_selector("#search", "el => el.value")
preload_href = await page.eval_on_selector("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href")
html = await page.eval_on_selector(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outer_html + suffix", "hello")

search_value = page.eval_on_selector("#search", "el => el.value")
preload_href = page.eval_on_selector("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href")
html = page.eval_on_selector(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outer_html + suffix", "hello")

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.evalOnSelector].

param: Page.evalOnSelector.selector = %%-query-selector-%%

param: Page.evalOnSelector.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%

param: Page.evalOnSelector.arg

• arg <[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [param: expression].

async method: Page.evalOnSelectorAll

• langs:
  • alias-python: eval_on_selector_all
  • alias-js: $$eval

• returns: <[Serializable]>

The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the page and passes an array of matched elements as a first argument to [param: expression]. Returns the result of [param: expression] invocation.

If [param: expression] returns a [Promise], then [method: Page.evalOnSelectorAll] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

Examples:

const divCounts = await page.$$eval('div', (divs, min) => divs.length >= min, 10);

div_counts = await page.eval_on_selector_all("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10)

div_counts = page.eval_on_selector_all("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10)

param: Page.evalOnSelectorAll.selector = %%-query-selector-%%

param: Page.evalOnSelectorAll.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%

param: Page.evalOnSelectorAll.arg

• arg <[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [param: expression].

async method: Page.evaluate

• returns: <[Serializable]>

Returns the value of the [param: expression] invocation.

If the function passed to the [method: Page.evaluate] returns a [Promise], then [method: Page.evaluate] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

If the function passed to the [method: Page.evaluate] returns a non-[Serializable] value, then [method: Page.evaluate] resolves to undefined. Playwright also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON: -0, NaN, Infinity, -Infinity.

Passing argument to [param: expression]:

const result = await page.evaluate(([x, y]) => {
  return Promise.resolve(x * y);
}, [7, 8]);
console.log(result); // prints "56"

result = await page.evaluate("([x, y]) => Promise.resolve(x * y)", [7, 8])
print(result) # prints "56"

result = page.evaluate("([x, y]) => Promise.resolve(x * y)", [7, 8])
print(result) # prints "56"

A string can also be passed in instead of a function:

console.log(await page.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
const x = 10;
console.log(await page.evaluate(`1 + ${x}`)); // prints "11"

print(await page.evaluate("1 + 2")) # prints "3"
x = 10
print(await page.evaluate(f"1 + {x}")) # prints "11"

print(page.evaluate("1 + 2")) # prints "3"
x = 10
print(page.evaluate(f"1 + {x}")) # prints "11"

[ElementHandle] instances can be passed as an argument to the [method: Page.evaluate]:

const bodyHandle = await page.$('body');
const html = await page.evaluate(([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix, [bodyHandle, 'hello']);
await bodyHandle.dispose();

body_handle = await page.query_selector("body")
html = await page.evaluate("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", [body_handle, "hello"])
await body_handle.dispose()

body_handle = page.query_selector("body")
html = page.evaluate("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", [body_handle, "hello"])
body_handle.dispose()

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.evaluate].

param: Page.evaluate.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%

param: Page.evaluate.arg

• arg <[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [param: expression].

async method: Page.evaluateHandle

• returns: <[JSHandle]>

Returns the value of the [param: expression] invocation as a [JSHandle].

The only difference between [method: Page.evaluate] and [method: Page.evaluateHandle] is that [method: Page.evaluateHandle] returns [JSHandle].

If the function passed to the [method: Page.evaluateHandle] returns a [Promise], then [method: Page.evaluateHandle] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

const aWindowHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => Promise.resolve(window));
aWindowHandle; // Handle for the window object.

a_window_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("Promise.resolve(window)")
a_window_handle # handle for the window object.

a_window_handle = page.evaluate_handle("Promise.resolve(window)")
a_window_handle # handle for the window object.

A string can also be passed in instead of a function:

const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle('document'); // Handle for the 'document'

a_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("document") # handle for the "document"

a_handle = page.evaluate_handle("document") # handle for the "document"

[JSHandle] instances can be passed as an argument to the [method: Page.evaluateHandle]:

const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => document.body);
const resultHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(body => body.innerHTML, aHandle);
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue());
await resultHandle.dispose();

a_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("document.body")
result_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("body => body.innerHTML", a_handle)
print(await result_handle.json_value())
await result_handle.dispose()

a_handle = page.evaluate_handle("document.body")
result_handle = page.evaluate_handle("body => body.innerHTML", a_handle)
print(result_handle.json_value())
result_handle.dispose()

param: Page.evaluateHandle.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%

param: Page.evaluateHandle.arg

• arg <[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [param: expression].

async method: Page.exposeBinding

The method adds a function called [param: name] on the window object of every frame in this page. When called, the function executes [param: callback] and returns a [Promise] which resolves to the return value of [param: callback]. If the [param: callback] returns a [Promise], it will be awaited.

The first argument of the [param: callback] function contains information about the caller: { browserContext: BrowserContext, page: Page, frame: Frame }.

See [method: BrowserContext.exposeBinding] for the context-wide version.

:::note Functions installed via [method: Page.exposeBinding] survive navigations. :::

An example of exposing page URL to all frames in a page:

const { webkit } = require('playwright');  // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await webkit.launch({ headless: false });
  const context = await browser.newContext();
  const page = await context.newPage();
  await page.exposeBinding('pageURL', ({ page }) => page.url());
  await page.setContent(`
    <script>
      async function onClick() {
        document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.pageURL();
      }
    </script>
    <button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
    <div></div>
  `);
  await page.click('button');
})();

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = await webkit.launch(headless=false)
    context = await browser.new_context()
    page = await context.new_page()
    await page.expose_binding("pageURL", lambda source: source["page"].url)
    await page.set_content("""
    <script>
      async function onClick() {
        document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.pageURL();
      }
    </script>
    <button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
    <div></div>
    """)
    await page.click("button")

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = webkit.launch(headless=false)
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    page.expose_binding("pageURL", lambda source: source["page"].url)
    page.set_content("""
    <script>
      async function onClick() {
        document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.pageURL();
      }
    </script>
    <button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
    <div></div>
    """)
    page.click("button")

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

An example of passing an element handle:

await page.exposeBinding('clicked', async (source, element) => {
  console.log(await element.textContent());
}, { handle: true });
await page.setContent(`
  <script>
    document.addEventListener('click', event => window.clicked(event.target));
  </script>
  <div>Click me</div>
  <div>Or click me</div>
`);

async def print(source, element):
    print(await element.text_content())

await page.expose_binding("clicked", print, handle=true)
await page.set_content("""
  <script>
    document.addEventListener('click', event => window.clicked(event.target));
  </script>
  <div>Click me</div>
  <div>Or click me</div>
""")

def print(source, element):
    print(element.text_content())

page.expose_binding("clicked", print, handle=true)
page.set_content("""
  <script>
    document.addEventListener('click', event => window.clicked(event.target));
  </script>
  <div>Click me</div>
  <div>Or click me</div>
""")

param: Page.exposeBinding.name

• name <[string]>

Name of the function on the window object.

param: Page.exposeBinding.callback

• callback <[function]>

Callback function that will be called in the Playwright's context.

option: Page.exposeBinding.handle

• handle <[boolean]>

Whether to pass the argument as a handle, instead of passing by value. When passing a handle, only one argument is supported. When passing by value, multiple arguments are supported.

async method: Page.exposeFunction

The method adds a function called [param: name] on the window object of every frame in the page. When called, the function executes [param: callback] and returns a [Promise] which resolves to the return value of [param: callback].

If the [param: callback] returns a [Promise], it will be awaited.

See [method: BrowserContext.exposeFunction] for context-wide exposed function.

:::note Functions installed via [method: Page.exposeFunction] survive navigations. :::

An example of adding an sha1 function to the page:

const { webkit } = require('playwright');  // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.
const crypto = require('crypto');

(async () => {
  const browser = await webkit.launch({ headless: false });
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  await page.exposeFunction('sha1', text => crypto.createHash('sha1').update(text).digest('hex'));
  await page.setContent(`
    <script>
      async function onClick() {
        document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.sha1('PLAYWRIGHT');
      }
    </script>
    <button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
    <div></div>
  `);
  await page.click('button');
})();

import asyncio
import hashlib
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def sha1(text):
    m = hashlib.sha1()
    m.update(bytes(text, "utf8"))
    return m.hexdigest()


async def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = await webkit.launch(headless=False)
    page = await browser.new_page()
    await page.expose_function("sha1", sha1)
    await page.set_content("""
        <script>
          async function onClick() {
            document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.sha1('PLAYWRIGHT');
          }
        </script>
        <button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
        <div></div>
    """)
    await page.click("button")

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

import hashlib
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def sha1(text):
    m = hashlib.sha1()
    m.update(bytes(text, "utf8"))
    return m.hexdigest()


def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = webkit.launch(headless=False)
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.expose_function("sha1", sha1)
    page.set_content("""
        <script>
          async function onClick() {
            document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.sha1('PLAYWRIGHT');
          }
        </script>
        <button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
        <div></div>
    """)
    page.click("button")

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

param: Page.exposeFunction.name

• name <[string]>

Name of the function on the window object

param: Page.exposeFunction.callback

• callback <[function]>

Callback function which will be called in Playwright's context.

async method: Page.fill

This method waits for an element matching [param: selector], waits for actionability checks, focuses the element, fills it and triggers an input event after filling. If the element is inside the <label> element that has associated control, that control will be filled instead. If the element to be filled is not an <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element, this method throws an error. Note that you can pass an empty string to clear the input field.

To send fine-grained keyboard events, use [method: Page.type].

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.fill]

param: Page.fill.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.fill.value

• value <[string]>

Value to fill for the <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element.

option: Page.fill.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.fill.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.focus

This method fetches an element with [param: selector] and focuses it. If there's no element matching [param: selector], the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.focus].

param: Page.focus.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.focus.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

method: Page.frame

• returns: <[null]|[Frame]>

Returns frame matching the specified criteria. Either name or url must be specified.

const frame = page.frame('frame-name');

frame = page.frame(name="frame-name")

const frame = page.frame({ url: /.*domain.*/ });

frame = page.frame(url=r".*domain.*")

param: Page.frame.frameSelector

• langs: java, js

• frameSelector <[string]|[Object]>
  • name <[string]> Frame name specified in the iframe's name attribute. Optional.
  • url <[string]|[RegExp]|[function]([URL]):[boolean]> A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving frame's url as a [URL] object. Optional.

Frame name or other frame lookup options.

method: Page.frames

• returns: <[Array]<[Frame]>>

An array of all frames attached to the page.

async method: Page.getAttribute

• returns: <[null]|[string]>

Returns element attribute value.

param: Page.getAttribute.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.getAttribute.name

• name <[string]>

Attribute name to get the value for.

option: Page.getAttribute.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.goBack

• returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If can not go back, returns null.

Navigate to the previous page in history.

option: Page.goBack.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

option: Page.goBack.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%

async method: Page.goForward

• returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If can not go forward, returns null.

Navigate to the next page in history.

option: Page.goForward.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

option: Page.goForward.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%

async method: Page.goto

• langs:
  • alias-java: navigate

• returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.

page.goto will throw an error if:

• there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
• target URL is invalid.
• the [option: timeout] is exceeded during navigation.
• the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
• the main resource failed to load.

page.goto will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling [method: Response.status].

:::note page.goto either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to about:blank or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return null. :::

:::note Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the upstream issue. :::

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.goto]

param: Page.goto.url

• url <[string]>

URL to navigate page to. The url should include scheme, e.g. https://.

option: Page.goto.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

option: Page.goto.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%

option: Page.goto.referer

• referer <[string]>

Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by [method: Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders].

async method: Page.hover

This method hovers over an element matching [param: selector] by performing the following steps:

1. Find an element match matching [param: selector]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless [option: force] option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
4. Use [property: Page.mouse] to hover over the center of the element, or the specified [option: position].
5. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless noWaitAfter option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [option: timeout], this method rejects with a [TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.hover].

param: Page.hover.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.hover.position = %%-input-position-%%

option: Page.hover.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%

option: Page.hover.force = %%-input-force-%%

option: Page.hover.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.innerHTML

• returns: <[string]>

Returns element.innerHTML.

param: Page.innerHTML.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.innerHTML.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.innerText

• returns: <[string]>

Returns element.innerText.

param: Page.innerText.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.innerText.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.isChecked

• returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is checked. Throws if the element is not a checkbox or radio input.

param: Page.isChecked.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.isChecked.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

method: Page.isClosed

• returns: <[boolean]>

Indicates that the page has been closed.

async method: Page.isDisabled

• returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is disabled, the opposite of enabled.

param: Page.isDisabled.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.isDisabled.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.isEditable

• returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is editable.

param: Page.isEditable.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.isEditable.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.isEnabled

• returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is enabled.

param: Page.isEnabled.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.isEnabled.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.isHidden

• returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is hidden, the opposite of visible.

param: Page.isHidden.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.isHidden.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.isVisible

• returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is visible.

param: Page.isVisible.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.isVisible.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

property: Page.keyboard

• type: <[Keyboard]>

method: Page.mainFrame

• returns: <[Frame]>

The page's main frame. Page is guaranteed to have a main frame which persists during navigations.

property: Page.mouse

• type: <[Mouse]>

async method: Page.opener

• returns: <[null]|[Page]>

Returns the opener for popup pages and null for others. If the opener has been closed already the returns null.

async method: Page.pause

Pauses script execution. Playwright will stop executing the script and wait for the user to either press 'Resume' button in the page overlay or to call playwright.resume() in the DevTools console.

User can inspect selectors or perform manual steps while paused. Resume will continue running the original script from the place it was paused.

:::note This method requires Playwright to be started in a headed mode, with a falsy [options: headless] value in the [method: BrowserType.launch]. :::

async method: Page.pdf

• returns: <[Buffer]>

Returns the PDF buffer.

:::note Generating a pdf is currently only supported in Chromium headless. :::

page.pdf() generates a pdf of the page with print css media. To generate a pdf with screen media, call [method: Page.emulateMedia] before calling page.pdf():

:::note By default, page.pdf() generates a pdf with modified colors for printing. Use the -webkit-print-color-adjust property to force rendering of exact colors. :::

// Generates a PDF with 'screen' media type.
await page.emulateMedia({media: 'screen'});
await page.pdf({path: 'page.pdf'});

# generates a pdf with "screen" media type.
await page.emulate_media(media="screen")
await page.pdf(path="page.pdf")

# generates a pdf with "screen" media type.
page.emulate_media(media="screen")
page.pdf(path="page.pdf")

The [option: width], [option: height], and [option: margin] options accept values labeled with units. Unlabeled values are treated as pixels.

A few examples:

• page.pdf({width: 100}) - prints with width set to 100 pixels
• page.pdf({width: '100px'}) - prints with width set to 100 pixels
• page.pdf({width: '10cm'}) - prints with width set to 10 centimeters.

All possible units are:

• px - pixel
• in - inch
• cm - centimeter
• mm - millimeter

The [option: format] options are:

• Letter: 8.5in x 11in
• Legal: 8.5in x 14in
• Tabloid: 11in x 17in
• Ledger: 17in x 11in
• A0: 33.1in x 46.8in
• A1: 23.4in x 33.1in
• A2: 16.54in x 23.4in
• A3: 11.7in x 16.54in
• A4: 8.27in x 11.7in
• A5: 5.83in x 8.27in
• A6: 4.13in x 5.83in

:::note [option: headerTemplate] and [option: footerTemplate] markup have the following limitations: > 1. Script tags inside templates are not evaluated. > 2. Page styles are not visible inside templates. :::

option: Page.pdf.path

• path <[path]>

The file path to save the PDF to. If [option: path] is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. If no path is provided, the PDF won't be saved to the disk.

option: Page.pdf.scale

• scale <[float]>

Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to 1. Scale amount must be between 0.1 and 2.

option: Page.pdf.displayHeaderFooter

• displayHeaderFooter <[boolean]>

Display header and footer. Defaults to false.

option: Page.pdf.headerTemplate

• headerTemplate <[string]>

HTML template for the print header. Should be valid HTML markup with following classes used to inject printing values into them:

• 'date' formatted print date
• 'title' document title
• 'url' document location
• 'pageNumber' current page number
• 'totalPages' total pages in the document

option: Page.pdf.footerTemplate

• footerTemplate <[string]>

HTML template for the print footer. Should use the same format as the [option: headerTemplate].

option: Page.pdf.printBackground

• printBackground <[boolean]>

Print background graphics. Defaults to false.

option: Page.pdf.landscape

• landscape <[boolean]>

Paper orientation. Defaults to false.

option: Page.pdf.pageRanges

• pageRanges <[string]>

Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages.

option: Page.pdf.format

• format <[string]>

Paper format. If set, takes priority over [option: width] or [option: height] options. Defaults to 'Letter'.

option: Page.pdf.width

• width <[string]|[float]>

Paper width, accepts values labeled with units.

option: Page.pdf.height

• height <[string]|[float]>

Paper height, accepts values labeled with units.

option: Page.pdf.margin

• margin <[Object]>
  • top <[string]|[float]> Top margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to 0.
  • right <[string]|[float]> Right margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to 0.
  • bottom <[string]|[float]> Bottom margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to 0.
  • left <[string]|[float]> Left margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to 0.

Paper margins, defaults to none.

option: Page.pdf.preferCSSPageSize

• preferCSSPageSize <[boolean]>

Give any CSS @page size declared in the page priority over what is declared in [option: width] and [option: height] or [option: format] options. Defaults to false, which will scale the content to fit the paper size.

async method: Page.press

Focuses the element, and then uses [method: Keyboard.down] and [method: Keyboard.up].

[param: key] can specify the intended keyboardEvent.key value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the [param: key] values can be found here. Examples of the keys are:

F1 - F12, Digit0- Digit9, KeyA- KeyZ, Backquote, Minus, Equal, Backslash, Backspace, Tab, Delete, Escape, ArrowDown, End, Enter, Home, Insert, PageDown, PageUp, ArrowRight, ArrowUp, etc.

Following modification shortcuts are also supported: Shift, Control, Alt, Meta, ShiftLeft.

Holding down Shift will type the text that corresponds to the [param: key] in the upper case.

If [param: key] is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values a and A will generate different respective texts.

Shortcuts such as key: "Control+o" or key: "Control+Shift+T" are supported as well. When speficied with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.

const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://keycode.info');
await page.press('body', 'A');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'A.png' });
await page.press('body', 'ArrowLeft');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'ArrowLeft.png' });
await page.press('body', 'Shift+O');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'O.png' });
await browser.close();

page = await browser.new_page()
await page.goto("https://keycode.info")
await page.press("body", "A")
await page.screenshot(path="a.png")
await page.press("body", "ArrowLeft")
await page.screenshot(path="arrow_left.png")
await page.press("body", "Shift+O")
await page.screenshot(path="o.png")
await browser.close()

page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://keycode.info")
page.press("body", "A")
page.screenshot(path="a.png")
page.press("body", "ArrowLeft")
page.screenshot(path="arrow_left.png")
page.press("body", "Shift+O")
page.screenshot(path="o.png")
browser.close()

param: Page.press.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.press.key

• key <[string]>

Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as ArrowLeft or a.

option: Page.press.delay

• delay <[float]>

Time to wait between keydown and keyup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

option: Page.press.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.press.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.querySelector

• langs:
  • alias-python: query_selector
  • alias-js: $

• returns: <[null]|[ElementHandle]>

The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to null.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.querySelector].

param: Page.querySelector.selector = %%-query-selector-%%

async method: Page.querySelectorAll

• langs:
  • alias-python: query_selector_all
  • alias-js: $$

• returns: <[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>

The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to [].

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.querySelectorAll].

param: Page.querySelectorAll.selector = %%-query-selector-%%

async method: Page.reload

• returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.

option: Page.reload.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

option: Page.reload.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%

async method: Page.route

Routing provides the capability to modify network requests that are made by a page.

Once routing is enabled, every request matching the url pattern will stall unless it's continued, fulfilled or aborted.

:::note The handler will only be called for the first url if the response is a redirect. :::

An example of a naïve handler that aborts all image requests:

const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.route('**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}', route => route.abort());
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await browser.close();

page = await browser.new_page()
await page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", lambda route: route.abort())
await page.goto("https://example.com")
await browser.close()

page = browser.new_page()
page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", lambda route: route.abort())
page.goto("https://example.com")
browser.close()

or the same snippet using a regex pattern instead:

const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.route(/(\.png$)|(\.jpg$)/, route => route.abort());
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await browser.close();

page = await browser.new_page()
await page.route(re.compile(r"(\.png$)|(\.jpg$)"), lambda route: route.abort())
await page.goto("https://example.com")
await browser.close()

page = browser.new_page()
page.route(re.compile(r"(\.png$)|(\.jpg$)"), lambda route: route.abort())
page.goto("https://example.com")
browser.close()

Page routes take precedence over browser context routes (set up with [method: BrowserContext.route]) when request matches both handlers.

:::note Enabling routing disables http cache. :::

param: Page.route.url

• url <[string]|[RegExp]|[function]([URL]):[boolean]>

A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving [URL] to match while routing.

param: Page.route.handler

• langs: js, python

• handler <[function]([Route], [Request])>

handler function to route the request.

param: Page.route.handler

• langs: csharp, java

• handler <[function]([Route])>

handler function to route the request.

async method: Page.screenshot

• returns: <[Buffer]>

Returns the buffer with the captured screenshot.

:::note Screenshots take at least 1/6 second on Chromium OS X and Chromium Windows. See https://crbug.com/741689 for discussion. :::

option: Page.screenshot.path

• path <[path]>

The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If [option: path] is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.

option: Page.screenshot.type = %%-screenshot-type-%%

option: Page.screenshot.quality

• quality <[int]>

The quality of the image, between 0-100. Not applicable to png images.

option: Page.screenshot.fullPage

• fullPage <[boolean]>

When true, takes a screenshot of the full scrollable page, instead of the currently visible viewport. Defaults to false.

option: Page.screenshot.clip

• clip <[Object]>
  • x <[float]> x-coordinate of top-left corner of clip area
  • y <[float]> y-coordinate of top-left corner of clip area
  • width <[float]> width of clipping area
  • height <[float]> height of clipping area

An object which specifies clipping of the resulting image. Should have the following fields:

option: Page.screenshot.omitBackground

• omitBackground <[boolean]>

Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Not applicable to jpeg images. Defaults to false.

option: Page.screenshot.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.selectOption

• returns: <[Array]<[string]>>

Returns the array of option values that have been successfully selected.

Triggers a change and input event once all the provided options have been selected. If there's no <select> element matching [param: selector], the method throws an error.

Will wait until all specified options are present in the <select> element.

// single selection matching the value
page.selectOption('select#colors', 'blue');

// single selection matching the label
page.selectOption('select#colors', { label: 'Blue' });

// multiple selection
page.selectOption('select#colors', ['red', 'green', 'blue']);

# single selection matching the value
await page.select_option("select#colors", "blue")
# single selection matching the label
await page.select_option("select#colors", label="blue")
# multiple selection
await page.select_option("select#colors", value=["red", "green", "blue"])

# single selection matching the value
page.select_option("select#colors", "blue")
# single selection matching both the label
page.select_option("select#colors", label="blue")
# multiple selection
page.select_option("select#colors", value=["red", "green", "blue"])

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.selectOption]

param: Page.selectOption.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.selectOption.values = %%-select-options-values-%%

option: Page.selectOption.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.selectOption.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.setContent

param: Page.setContent.html

• html <[string]>

HTML markup to assign to the page.

option: Page.setContent.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

option: Page.setContent.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%

method: Page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout

This setting will change the default maximum navigation time for the following methods and related shortcuts:

• [method: Page.goBack]
• [method: Page.goForward]
• [method: Page.goto]
• [method: Page.reload]
• [method: Page.setContent]
• [method: Page.waitForNavigation]

:::note [method: Page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout] takes priority over [method: Page.setDefaultTimeout], [method: BrowserContext.setDefaultTimeout] and [method: BrowserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout]. :::

param: Page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout.timeout

• timeout <[float]>

Maximum navigation time in milliseconds

method: Page.setDefaultTimeout

This setting will change the default maximum time for all the methods accepting [param: timeout] option.

:::note [method: Page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout] takes priority over [method: Page.setDefaultTimeout]. :::

param: Page.setDefaultTimeout.timeout

• timeout <[float]>

Maximum time in milliseconds

async method: Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders

The extra HTTP headers will be sent with every request the page initiates.

:::note [method: Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders] does not guarantee the order of headers in the outgoing requests. :::

param: Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders.headers

• headers <[Object]<[string], [string]>>

An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.

async method: Page.setInputFiles

This method expects [param: selector] to point to an input element.

Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the filePaths are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the the current working directory. For empty array, clears the selected files.

param: Page.setInputFiles.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.setInputFiles.files = %%-input-files-%%

option: Page.setInputFiles.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.setInputFiles.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.setViewportSize

In the case of multiple pages in a single browser, each page can have its own viewport size. However, [method: Browser.newContext] allows to set viewport size (and more) for all pages in the context at once.

page.setViewportSize will resize the page. A lot of websites don't expect phones to change size, so you should set the viewport size before navigating to the page.

const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewportSize({
  width: 640,
  height: 480,
});
await page.goto('https://example.com');

page = await browser.new_page()
await page.set_viewport_size({"width": 640, "height": 480})
await page.goto("https://example.com")

page = browser.new_page()
page.set_viewport_size({"width": 640, "height": 480})
page.goto("https://example.com")

param: Page.setViewportSize.viewportSize

• viewportSize <[Object]>
  • width <[int]> page width in pixels.
  • height <[int]> page height in pixels.

async method: Page.tap

This method taps an element matching [param: selector] by performing the following steps:

1. Find an element match matching [param: selector]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless [option: force] option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
4. Use [property: Page.touchscreen] to tap the center of the element, or the specified [option: position].
5. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [option: noWaitAfter] option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [option: timeout], this method rejects with a [TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

:::note [method: Page.tap] requires that the [option: hasTouch] option of the browser context be set to true. :::

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.tap].

param: Page.tap.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.tap.position = %%-input-position-%%

option: Page.tap.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%

option: Page.tap.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.tap.force = %%-input-force-%%

option: Page.tap.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.textContent

• returns: <[null]|[string]>

Returns element.textContent.

param: Page.textContent.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.textContent.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.title

• returns: <[string]>

Returns the page's title. Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.title].

property: Page.touchscreen

• type: <[Touchscreen]>

async method: Page.type

Sends a keydown, keypress/input, and keyup event for each character in the text. page.type can be used to send fine-grained keyboard events. To fill values in form fields, use [method: Page.fill].

To press a special key, like Control or ArrowDown, use [method: Keyboard.press].

await page.type('#mytextarea', 'Hello'); // Types instantly
await page.type('#mytextarea', 'World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user

await page.type("#mytextarea", "hello") # types instantly
await page.type("#mytextarea", "world", delay=100) # types slower, like a user

page.type("#mytextarea", "hello") # types instantly
page.type("#mytextarea", "world", delay=100) # types slower, like a user

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.type].

param: Page.type.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

param: Page.type.text

• text <[string]>

A text to type into a focused element.

option: Page.type.delay

• delay <[float]>

Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

option: Page.type.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.type.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.uncheck

This method unchecks an element matching [param: selector] by performing the following steps:

1. Find an element match matching [param: selector]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
2. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method rejects. If the element is already unchecked, this method returns immediately.
3. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless [option: force] option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
4. Scroll the element into view if needed.
5. Use [property: Page.mouse] to click in the center of the element.
6. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [option: noWaitAfter] option is set.
7. Ensure that the element is now unchecked. If not, this method rejects.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [option: timeout], this method rejects with a [TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.uncheck].

param: Page.uncheck.selector = %%-input-selector-%%

option: Page.uncheck.force = %%-input-force-%%

option: Page.uncheck.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%

option: Page.uncheck.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.unroute

Removes a route created with [method: Page.route]. When [param: handler] is not specified, removes all routes for the [param: url].

param: Page.unroute.url

• url <[string]|[RegExp]|[function]([URL]):[boolean]>

A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving [URL] to match while routing.

param: Page.unroute.handler

• langs: js, python

• handler <[function]([Route], [Request])>

Optional handler function to route the request.

param: Page.unroute.handler

• langs: csharp, java

• handler <[function]([Route])>

Optional handler function to route the request.

method: Page.url

• returns: <[string]>

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.url].

method: Page.video

• returns: <[null]|[Video]>

Video object associated with this page.

method: Page.viewportSize

• returns: <[null]|[Object]>
  • width <[int]> page width in pixels.
  • height <[int]> page height in pixels.

method: Page.waitForClose

• langs: csharp, java

• returns: <[Page]>

Performs action and waits for the Page to close.

option: Page.waitForClose.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForConsoleMessage

• langs: csharp, java, python
  • alias-python: expect_console_message

• returns: <[ConsoleMessage]>

Performs action and waits for a [ConoleMessage] to be logged by in the page. If predicate is provided, it passes [ConsoleMessage] value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(message) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the console event is fired.

option: Page.waitForConsoleMessage.predicate =

• predicate <[function]([ConsoleMessage]):[bool]>

Receives the [ConsoleMessage] object and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.

option: Page.waitForConsoleMessage.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForDownload

• langs: csharp, java, python
  • alias-python: expect_download

• returns: <[Download]>

Performs action and waits for a new [Download]. If predicate is provided, it passes [Download] value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(download) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the download event is fired.

option: Page.waitForDownload.predicate =

• predicate <[function]([Download]):[bool]>

Receives the [Download] object and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.

option: Page.waitForDownload.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForEvent

• langs: csharp, js, python
  • alias-python: expect_event

• returns: <[any]>

Waits for event to fire and passes its value into the predicate function. Returns when the predicate returns truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the event is fired. Returns the event data value.

const [frame, _] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForEvent('framenavigated'),
  page.click('button')
]);

async with page.expect_event("framenavigated") as event_info:
    await page.click("button")
frame = await event_info.value

with page.expect_event("framenavigated") as event_info:
    page.click("button")
frame = event_info.value

param: Page.waitForEvent.event = %%-wait-for-event-event-%%

param: Page.waitForEvent.optionsOrPredicate

• langs: js

• optionsOrPredicate <[function]|[Object]>
  • predicate <[function]> receives the event data and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.
  • timeout <[float]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [method: BrowserContext.setDefaultTimeout].

Either a predicate that receives an event or an options object. Optional.

async method: Page.waitForFileChooser

• langs: csharp, java, python
  • alias-python: expect_file_chooser

• returns: <[FileChooser]>

Performs action and waits for a new [FileChooser] to be created. If predicate is provided, it passes [FileChooser] value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(fileChooser) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the file chooser is opened.

option: Page.waitForFileChooser.predicate =

• predicate <[function]([FileChooser]):[bool]>

Receives the [FileChooser] object and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.

option: Page.waitForFileChooser.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForFunction

• returns: <[JSHandle]>

Returns when the [param: expression] returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.

The [method: Page.waitForFunction] can be used to observe viewport size change:

const { webkit } = require('playwright');  // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await webkit.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  const watchDog = page.waitForFunction(() => window.innerWidth < 100);
  await page.setViewportSize({width: 50, height: 50});
  await watchDog;
  await browser.close();
})();

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = await webkit.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    await page.evaluate("window.x = 0; setTimeout(() => { window.x = 100 }, 1000);")
    await page.wait_for_function("() => window.x > 0")
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = webkit.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.evaluate("window.x = 0; setTimeout(() => { window.x = 100 }, 1000);")
    page.wait_for_function("() => window.x > 0")
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

To pass an argument to the predicate of [method: Page.waitForFunction] function:

const selector = '.foo';
await page.waitForFunction(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), selector);

selector = ".foo"
await page.wait_for_function("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector)

selector = ".foo"
page.wait_for_function("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector)

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.waitForFunction].

param: Page.waitForFunction.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%

param: Page.waitForFunction.arg

• arg <[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [param: expression].

option: Page.waitForFunction.polling

• polling <[float]|"raf">

If [option: polling] is 'raf', then [param: expression] is constantly executed in requestAnimationFrame callback. If [option: polling] is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Defaults to raf.

option: Page.waitForFunction.timeout = %%-wait-for-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForLoadState

Returns when the required load state has been reached.

This resolves when the page reaches a required load state, load by default. The navigation must have been committed when this method is called. If current document has already reached the required state, resolves immediately.

await page.click('button'); // Click triggers navigation.
await page.waitForLoadState(); // The promise resolves after 'load' event.

await page.click("button") # click triggers navigation.
await page.wait_for_load_state() # the promise resolves after "load" event.

page.click("button") # click triggers navigation.
page.wait_for_load_state() # the promise resolves after "load" event.

const [popup] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForEvent('popup'),
  page.click('button'), // Click triggers a popup.
])
await popup.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded'); // The promise resolves after 'domcontentloaded' event.
console.log(await popup.title()); // Popup is ready to use.

async with page.expect_popup() as page_info:
    await page.click("button") # click triggers a popup.
popup = await page_info.value
 # Following resolves after "domcontentloaded" event.
await popup.wait_for_load_state("domcontentloaded")
print(await popup.title()) # popup is ready to use.

with page.expect_popup() as page_info:
    page.click("button") # click triggers a popup.
popup = page_info.value
 # Following resolves after "domcontentloaded" event.
popup.wait_for_load_state("domcontentloaded")
print(popup.title()) # popup is ready to use.

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.waitForLoadState].

param: Page.waitForLoadState.state = %%-wait-for-load-state-state-%%

option: Page.waitForLoadState.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForNavigation

• langs:
  • alias-python: expect_navigation

• returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Waits for the main frame navigation and returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with null.

This resolves when the page navigates to a new URL or reloads. It is useful for when you run code which will indirectly cause the page to navigate. e.g. The click target has an onclick handler that triggers navigation from a setTimeout. Consider this example:

const [response] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForNavigation(), // The promise resolves after navigation has finished
  page.click('a.delayed-navigation'), // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
]);

async with page.expect_navigation():
    await page.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
# Resolves after navigation has finished

with page.expect_navigation():
    page.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
# Resolves after navigation has finished

:::note Usage of the History API to change the URL is considered a navigation. :::

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.waitForNavigation].

option: Page.waitForNavigation.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%

option: Page.waitForNavigation.url = %%-wait-for-navigation-url-%%

option: Page.waitForNavigation.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%

async method: Page.waitForPopup

• langs: csharp, java, python
  • alias-python: expect_popup

• returns: <[Page]>

Performs action and waits for a popup [Page]. If predicate is provided, it passes [Popup] value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(page) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the popup event is fired.

option: Page.waitForPopup.predicate =

• predicate <[function]([Page]):[bool]>

Receives the [Page] object and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.

option: Page.waitForPopup.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForRequest

• langs:
  • alias-python: expect_request

• returns: <[Request]>

Waits for the matching request and returns it.

const firstRequest = await page.waitForRequest('http://example.com/resource');
const finalRequest = await page.waitForRequest(request => request.url() === 'http://example.com' && request.method() === 'GET');
return firstRequest.url();

async with page.expect_request("http://example.com/resource") as first:
    await page.click('button')
first_request = await first.value

async with page.expect_request(lambda request: request.url == "http://example.com" and request.method == "get") as second:
    await page.click('img')
second_request = await second.value

with page.expect_request("http://example.com/resource") as first:
    page.click('button')
first_request = first.value

with page.expect_request(lambda request: request.url == "http://example.com" and request.method == "get") as second:
    page.click('img')
second_request = second.value

await page.waitForRequest(request => request.url().searchParams.get('foo') === 'bar' && request.url().searchParams.get('foo2') === 'bar2');

param: Page.waitForRequest.urlOrPredicate

• urlOrPredicate <[string]|[RegExp]|[function]([Request]):[boolean]>

Request URL string, regex or predicate receiving [Request] object.

option: Page.waitForRequest.timeout

• timeout <[float]>

Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [method: Page.setDefaultTimeout] method.

async method: Page.waitForResponse

• langs:
  • alias-python: expect_response

• returns: <[Response]>

Returns the matched response.

const firstResponse = await page.waitForResponse('https://example.com/resource');
const finalResponse = await page.waitForResponse(response => response.url() === 'https://example.com' && response.status() === 200);
return finalResponse.ok();

first_response = await page.wait_for_response("https://example.com/resource")
final_response = await page.wait_for_response(lambda response: response.url == "https://example.com" and response.status === 200)
return final_response.ok

first_response = page.wait_for_response("https://example.com/resource")
final_response = page.wait_for_response(lambda response: response.url == "https://example.com" and response.status === 200)
return final_response.ok

param: Page.waitForResponse.urlOrPredicate

• urlOrPredicate <[string]|[RegExp]|[function]([Response]):[boolean]>

Request URL string, regex or predicate receiving [Response] object.

option: Page.waitForResponse.timeout

• timeout <[float]>

Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [method: BrowserContext.setDefaultTimeout] or [method: Page.setDefaultTimeout] methods.

async method: Page.waitForSelector

• returns: <[null]|[ElementHandle]>

Returns when element specified by selector satisfies [option: state] option. Returns null if waiting for hidden or detached.

Wait for the [param: selector] to satisfy [option: state] option (either appear/disappear from dom, or become visible/hidden). If at the moment of calling the method [param: selector] already satisfies the condition, the method will return immediately. If the selector doesn't satisfy the condition for the [option: timeout] milliseconds, the function will throw.

This method works across navigations:

const { chromium } = require('playwright');  // Or 'firefox' or 'webkit'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await chromium.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  for (let currentURL of ['https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
    await page.goto(currentURL);
    const element = await page.waitForSelector('img');
    console.log('Loaded image: ' + await element.getAttribute('src'));
  }
  await browser.close();
})();

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = await chromium.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    for current_url in ["https://google.com", "https://bbc.com"]:
        await page.goto(current_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
        element = await page.wait_for_selector("img")
        print("Loaded image: " + str(await element.get_attribute("src")))
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    for current_url in ["https://google.com", "https://bbc.com"]:
        page.goto(current_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
        element = page.wait_for_selector("img")
        print("Loaded image: " + str(element.get_attribute("src")))
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

param: Page.waitForSelector.selector = %%-query-selector-%%

option: Page.waitForSelector.state = %%-wait-for-selector-state-%%

option: Page.waitForSelector.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForTimeout

Waits for the given [param: timeout] in milliseconds.

Note that page.waitForTimeout() should only be used for debugging. Tests using the timer in production are going to be flaky. Use signals such as network events, selectors becoming visible and others instead.

// wait for 1 second
await page.waitForTimeout(1000);

# wait for 1 second
await page.wait_for_timeout(1000)

# wait for 1 second
page.wait_for_timeout(1000)

Shortcut for main frame's [method: Frame.waitForTimeout].

param: Page.waitForTimeout.timeout

• timeout <[float]>

A timeout to wait for

async method: Page.waitForWebSocket

• langs: csharp, java

• returns: <[WebSocket]>

Performs action and waits for a new [WebSocket]. If predicate is provided, it passes [WebSocket] value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(webSocket) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the WebSocket event is fired.

option: Page.waitForWebSocket.predicate =

• predicate <[function]([WebSocket]):[bool]>

Receives the [WebSocket] object and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.

option: Page.waitForWebSocket.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

async method: Page.waitForWorker

• langs: csharp, java, python
  • alias-python: expect_worker

• returns: <[Worker]>

Performs action and waits for a new [Worker]. If predicate is provided, it passes [Worker] value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(worker) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the worker event is fired.

option: Page.waitForWorker.predicate =

• predicate <[function]([Worker]):[bool]>

Receives the [Worker] object and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.

option: Page.waitForWorker.timeout = %%-wait-for-event-timeout-%%

method: Page.workers

• returns: <[Array]<[Worker]>>

This method returns all of the dedicated WebWorkers associated with the page.

:::note This does not contain ServiceWorkers :::