XtermEngine.cpp

// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// Licensed under the MIT license.

#include "precomp.h"
#include "XtermEngine.hpp"
#include "../../types/inc/convert.hpp"
#pragma hdrstop
using namespace Microsoft::Console;
using namespace Microsoft::Console::Render;
using namespace Microsoft::Console::Types;

XtermEngine::XtermEngine(_In_ wil::unique_hfile hPipe,
                         const Viewport initialViewport,
                         const bool fUseAsciiOnly) :
    VtEngine(std::move(hPipe), initialViewport),
    _fUseAsciiOnly(fUseAsciiOnly),
    _needToDisableCursor(false),
    // GH#12401: Ensure a DECTCEM cursor show/hide sequence
    // is emitted on the first frame no matter what.
    _lastCursorIsVisible(Tribool::Invalid),
    _nextCursorIsVisible(true)
{
    // Set out initial cursor position to -1, -1. This will force our initial
    //      paint to manually move the cursor to 0, 0, not just ignore it.
    _lastText = VtEngine::INVALID_COORDS;
}

// Method Description:
// - Prepares internal structures for a painting operation. Turns the cursor
//      off, so we don't see it flashing all over the client's screen as we
//      paint the new contents.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - S_OK if we started to paint. S_FALSE if we didn't need to paint. HRESULT
//      error code if painting didn't start successfully, or we failed to write
//      the pipe.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::StartPaint() noexcept
{
    const auto hr = VtEngine::StartPaint();
    if (hr != S_OK)
    {
        // If _noFlushOnEnd was set, and we didn't return early, it would usually
        // have been reset in the EndPaint call. But since that's not going to
        // happen now, we need to reset it here, otherwise we may mistakenly skip
        // the flush on the next frame.
        if (!_noFlushOnEnd)
        {
            _Flush();
        }
        _noFlushOnEnd = false;
        return hr;
    }

    _trace.TraceLastText(_lastText);

    // Prep us to think that the cursor is not visible this frame. If it _is_
    // visible, then PaintCursor will be called, and we'll set this to true
    // during the frame.
    _nextCursorIsVisible = false;
    _startOfFrameBufferIndex = _buffer.size();

    // Do not perform synchronization clearing in passthrough mode.
    // In passthrough, the terminal leads and we follow what it is
    // handling from the client application.
    // (This is in contrast to full PTY mode where WE, the ConPTY, lead and
    //  it follows our state.)
    if (_passthrough)
    {
        _firstPaint = false;
    }

    if (_firstPaint)
    {
        // MSFT:17815688
        // If the caller requested to inherit the cursor, we shouldn't
        //      clear the screen on the first paint. Otherwise, we'll clear
        //      the screen on the first paint, just to make sure that the
        //      terminal's state is consistent with what we'll be rendering.
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_ClearScreen());
        _clearedAllThisFrame = true;
        _firstPaint = false;
    }
    else
    {
        std::span<const til::rect> dirty;
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(GetDirtyArea(dirty));

        // If we have 0 or 1 dirty pieces in the area, set as appropriate.
        auto dirtyView = dirty.empty() ? Viewport::Empty() : Viewport::FromExclusive(til::at(dirty, 0));

        // If there's more than 1, union them all up with the 1 we already have.
        for (size_t i = 1; i < dirty.size(); ++i)
        {
            dirtyView = Viewport::Union(dirtyView, Viewport::FromExclusive(til::at(dirty, i)));
        }
    }

    return S_OK;
}

// Routine Description:
// - EndPaint helper to perform the final rendering steps. Turn the cursor back
//      on.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - S_OK if we succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for failing to allocate or write.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::EndPaint() noexcept
{
    // If during the frame we determined that the cursor needed to be disabled,
    //      then insert a cursor off at the start of the buffer, and re-enable
    //      the cursor here.
    if (_needToDisableCursor)
    {
        // If the cursor was previously visible, let's hide it for this frame,
        // by prepending a cursor off.
        if (_lastCursorIsVisible != Tribool::False)
        {
            _buffer.insert(_startOfFrameBufferIndex, "\x1b[?25l");
            _lastCursorIsVisible = Tribool::False;
        }
        // If the cursor was NOT previously visible, then that's fine! we don't
        // need to worry, it's already off.
    }

    if (_lastCursorIsVisible != static_cast<Tribool>(_nextCursorIsVisible))
    {
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_nextCursorIsVisible ? _ShowCursor() : _HideCursor());
        _lastCursorIsVisible = static_cast<Tribool>(_nextCursorIsVisible);
    }

    RETURN_IF_FAILED(VtEngine::EndPaint());

    _needToDisableCursor = false;

    return S_OK;
}

// Routine Description:
// - Write a VT sequence to change the current colors of text. Only writes
//      16-color attributes.
// Arguments:
// - textAttributes - Text attributes to use for the colors and character rendition
// - renderSettings - The color table and modes required for rendering
// - pData - The interface to console data structures required for rendering
// - usingSoftFont - Whether we're rendering characters from a soft font
// - isSettingDefaultBrushes: indicates if we should change the background color of
//      the window. Unused for VT
// Return Value:
// - S_OK if we succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for failing to allocate or write.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::UpdateDrawingBrushes(const TextAttribute& textAttributes,
                                                        const RenderSettings& /*renderSettings*/,
                                                        const gsl::not_null<IRenderData*> /*pData*/,
                                                        const bool /*usingSoftFont*/,
                                                        const bool /*isSettingDefaultBrushes*/) noexcept
{
    // The base xterm mode only knows about 16 colors
    RETURN_IF_FAILED(VtEngine::_16ColorUpdateDrawingBrushes(textAttributes));

    // And the only supported meta attributes are reverse video and underline
    if (textAttributes.IsReverseVideo() != _lastTextAttributes.IsReverseVideo())
    {
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_SetReverseVideo(textAttributes.IsReverseVideo()));
        _lastTextAttributes.SetReverseVideo(textAttributes.IsReverseVideo());
    }
    if (textAttributes.IsUnderlined() != _lastTextAttributes.IsUnderlined())
    {
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_SetUnderlined(textAttributes.IsUnderlined()));
        _lastTextAttributes.SetUnderlineStyle(textAttributes.GetUnderlineStyle());
    }

    return S_OK;
}

// Routine Description:
// - Draws the cursor on the screen
// Arguments:
// - options - Options that affect the presentation of the cursor
// Return Value:
// - S_OK or suitable HRESULT error from writing pipe.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::PaintCursor(const CursorOptions& options) noexcept
{
    // PaintCursor is only called when the cursor is in fact visible in a single
    // frame. When this is called, mark _nextCursorIsVisible as true. At the end
    // of the frame, we'll decide to either turn the cursor on or not, based
    // upon the previous state.

    // When this method is not called during a frame, it's because the cursor
    // was not visible. In that case, at the end of the frame,
    // _nextCursorIsVisible will still be false (from when we set it during
    // StartPaint)
    _nextCursorIsVisible = true;

    // If we did a delayed EOL wrap because we actually wrapped the line here,
    // then don't PaintCursor. When we're at the EOL because we've wrapped, our
    // internal _lastText thinks the cursor is on the cell just past the right
    // of the viewport (ex { 120, 0 }). However, conhost thinks the cursor is
    // actually on the last cell of the row. So it'll tell us to paint the
    // cursor at { 119, 0 }. If we do that movement, then we'll break line
    // wrapping.
    // See GH#5113, GH#1245, GH#357
    const auto nextCursorPosition = options.coordCursor;
    // Only skip this paint when we think the cursor is in the cell
    // immediately off the edge of the terminal, and the actual cursor is in
    // the last cell of the row. We're in a deferred wrap, but the host
    // thinks the cursor is actually in-frame.
    // See ConptyRoundtripTests::DontWrapMoveCursorInSingleFrame
    const auto cursorIsInDeferredWrap = (nextCursorPosition.x == _lastText.x - 1) && (nextCursorPosition.y == _lastText.y);
    // If all three of these conditions are true, then:
    //   * cursorIsInDeferredWrap: The cursor is in a position where the line
    //     filled the last cell of the row, but the host tried to paint it in
    //     the last cell anyways
    //      - GH#5691 - If we're painting the frame because we circled the
    //        buffer, then the cursor might still be in the position it was
    //        before the text was written to the buffer to cause the buffer to
    //        circle. In that case, then we DON'T want to paint the cursor here
    //        either, because it'll cause us to manually break this line. That's
    //        okay though, the frame will be painted again, after the circling
    //        is complete.
    //   * _delayedEolWrap && _wrappedRow.has_value(): We think we've deferred
    //     the wrap of a line.
    // If they're all true, DON'T manually paint the cursor this frame.
    if (!((cursorIsInDeferredWrap || _circled) && _delayedEolWrap && _wrappedRow.has_value()))
    {
        return VtEngine::PaintCursor(options);
    }

    return S_OK;
}

// Routine Description:
// - Write a VT sequence to move the cursor to the specified coordinates. We
//      also store the last place we left the cursor for future optimizations.
//  If the cursor only needs to go to the origin, only write the home sequence.
//  If the new cursor is only down one line from the current, only write a newline
//  If the new cursor is only down one line and at the start of the line, write
//      a carriage return.
//  Otherwise just write the whole sequence for moving it.
// Arguments:
// - coord: location to move the cursor to.
// Return Value:
// - S_OK if we succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for failing to allocate or write.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::_MoveCursor(const til::point coord) noexcept
{
    auto hr = S_OK;
    const auto originalPos = _lastText;
    _trace.TraceMoveCursor(_lastText, coord);
    auto performedSoftWrap = false;
    if (coord.x != _lastText.x || coord.y != _lastText.y)
    {
        if (coord.x == 0 && coord.y == 0)
        {
            _needToDisableCursor = true;
            hr = _CursorHome();
        }
        else if (_resized && _resizeQuirk)
        {
            hr = _CursorPosition(coord);
        }
        else if (coord.x == 0 && coord.y == (_lastText.y + 1))
        {
            // Down one line, at the start of the line.

            // If the previous line wrapped, then the cursor is already at this
            //      position, we just don't know it yet. Don't emit anything.
            auto previousLineWrapped = false;
            if (_wrappedRow.has_value())
            {
                previousLineWrapped = coord.y == _wrappedRow.value() + 1;
            }

            if (previousLineWrapped)
            {
                performedSoftWrap = true;
                _trace.TraceWrapped();
                hr = S_OK;
            }
            else
            {
                std::string seq = "\r\n";
                hr = _Write(seq);
            }
        }
        else if (_delayedEolWrap)
        {
            // GH#1245, GH#357 - If we were in the delayed EOL wrap state, make
            // sure to _manually_ position the cursor now, with a full CUP
            // sequence, don't try and be clever with \b or \r or other control
            // sequences. Different terminals (conhost, gnome-terminal, wt) all
            // behave differently with how the cursor behaves at an end of line.
            // This is the only solution that works in all of them, and also
            // works wrapped lines emitted by conpty.
            //
            // Make sure to do this _after_ the possible \r\n branch above,
            // otherwise we might accidentally break wrapped lines (GH#405)
            hr = _CursorPosition(coord);
        }
        else if (coord.x == 0 && coord.y == _lastText.y)
        {
            // Start of this line
            std::string seq = "\r";
            hr = _Write(seq);
        }
        else if (coord.x == _lastText.x && coord.y == (_lastText.y + 1))
        {
            // Down one line, same X position
            std::string seq = "\n";
            hr = _Write(seq);
        }
        else if (coord.x == (_lastText.x - 1) && coord.y == (_lastText.y))
        {
            // Back one char, same Y position
            std::string seq = "\b";
            hr = _Write(seq);
        }
        else if (coord.y == _lastText.y && coord.x > _lastText.x)
        {
            // Same line, forward some distance
            auto distance = coord.x - _lastText.x;
            hr = _CursorForward(distance);
        }
        else
        {
            _needToDisableCursor = true;
            hr = _CursorPosition(coord);
        }

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            _lastText = coord;
        }
    }

    _deferredCursorPos = INVALID_COORDS;

    _wrappedRow = std::nullopt;
    _delayedEolWrap = false;

    return hr;
}

// Routine Description:
// - Scrolls the existing data on the in-memory frame by the scroll region
//      deltas we have collectively received through the Invalidate methods
//      since the last time this was called.
//  Move the cursor to the origin, and insert or delete rows as appropriate.
//      The inserted rows will be blank, but marked invalid by InvalidateScroll,
//      so they will later be written by PaintBufferLine.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - S_OK if we succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for failing to allocate or write.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::ScrollFrame() noexcept
try
{
    _trace.TraceScrollFrame(_scrollDelta);

    if (_scrollDelta.x != 0)
    {
        // No easy way to shift left-right. Everything needs repainting.
        return InvalidateAll();
    }
    if (_scrollDelta.y == 0)
    {
        // There's nothing to do here. Do nothing.
        return S_OK;
    }

    const auto dy = _scrollDelta.y;
    const auto absDy = abs(dy);

    // Save the old wrap state here. We're going to clear it so that
    // _MoveCursor will definitely move us to the right position. We'll
    // restore the state afterwards.
    const auto oldWrappedRow = _wrappedRow;
    const auto oldDelayedEolWrap = _delayedEolWrap;
    _delayedEolWrap = false;
    _wrappedRow = std::nullopt;

    if (dy < 0)
    {
        // TODO GH#5228 - We could optimize this by only doing this newline work
        // when there's more invalid than just the bottom line. If only the
        // bottom line is invalid, then the next thing the Renderer is going to
        // tell us to do is print the new line at the bottom of the viewport,
        // and _MoveCursor will automatically give us the newline we want.
        // When that's implemented, we'll probably want to make sure to add a
        //   _lastText.y += dy;
        // statement here.

        // Move the cursor to the bottom of the current viewport
        const auto bottom = _lastViewport.BottomInclusive();
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_MoveCursor({ 0, bottom }));
        // Emit some number of newlines to create space in the buffer.
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_Write(std::string(absDy, '\n')));
    }
    else if (dy > 0)
    {
        // If we've scrolled _down_, then move the cursor to the top of the
        // buffer, and insert some newlines using the InsertLines VT sequence
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_MoveCursor({ 0, 0 }));
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_InsertLine(absDy));
    }

    // Restore our wrap state.
    _wrappedRow = oldWrappedRow;
    _delayedEolWrap = oldDelayedEolWrap;

    // Shift our internal tracker of the last text position according to how
    // much we've scrolled. If we manually scroll the buffer right now, by
    // moving the cursor to the bottom row of the viewport and emitting a
    // newline, we'll cause any wrapped lines to get broken.
    //
    // Instead, we'll just update our internal tracker of where the buffer
    // contents are. On this frame, we'll then still move the cursor correctly
    // relative to the new frame contents. To do this, we'll shift our
    // coordinates we're tracking, like the row that we wrapped on and the
    // position we think we left the cursor.
    //
    // See GH#5113
    _trace.TraceLastText(_lastText);
    if (_wrappedRow.has_value())
    {
        _wrappedRow.value() += dy;
        _trace.TraceSetWrapped(_wrappedRow.value());
    }

    if (_delayedEolWrap && _wrappedRow.has_value())
    {
        // If we wrapped the last line, and we're in the middle of painting it,
        // then the newline we did above just manually broke the line. What
        // we're doing here is a hack: we're going to manually re-invalidate the
        // last character of the wrapped row. When the PaintBufferLine calls
        // come back through, we'll paint this last character again, causing us
        // to get into the wrapped state once again. This is the only way to
        // ensure that if a line was wrapped, and we painted the first line in
        // one frame, and the second line in another frame that included other
        // changes _above_ the wrapped line, that we maintain the wrap state in
        // the Terminal.
        const til::rect lastCellOfWrappedRow{
            til::point{ _lastViewport.RightInclusive(), _wrappedRow.value() },
            til::size{ 1, 1 }
        };
        _trace.TraceInvalidate(lastCellOfWrappedRow);
        _invalidMap.set(lastCellOfWrappedRow);
    }

    // If the entire viewport was invalidated this frame, don't mark the bottom
    // line as new. There are cases where this can cause visual artifacts - see
    // GH#5039 and ConptyRoundtripTests::ClearHostTrickeryTest
    const auto allInvalidated = _invalidMap.all();
    _newBottomLine = !allInvalidated;

    // GH#5502 - keep track of the BG color we had when we emitted this new
    // bottom line. If the color changes by the time we get to printing that
    // line, we'll need to make sure that we don't do any optimizations like
    // _removing spaces_, because the background color of the spaces will be
    // important information to send to the connected Terminal.
    if (_newBottomLine)
    {
        _newBottomLineBG = _lastTextAttributes.GetBackground();
    }

    return S_OK;
}
CATCH_RETURN();

// Routine Description:
// - Notifies us that the console is attempting to scroll the existing screen
//      area. Add the top or bottom rows to the invalid region, and update the
//      total scroll delta accumulated this frame.
// Arguments:
// - pcoordDelta - Pointer to character dimension (til::point) of the distance the
//      console would like us to move while scrolling.
// Return Value:
// - S_OK if we succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for safemath failure
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::InvalidateScroll(const til::point* const pcoordDelta) noexcept
try
{
    const auto delta{ *pcoordDelta };

    if (delta != til::point{ 0, 0 })
    {
        _trace.TraceInvalidateScroll(delta);

        // Scroll the current offset and invalidate the revealed area
        _invalidMap.translate(delta, true);

        _scrollDelta += delta;
    }

    return S_OK;
}
CATCH_RETURN();

// Routine Description:
// - Draws one line of the buffer to the screen. Writes the characters to the
//      pipe, encoded in UTF-8 or ASCII only, depending on the VtIoMode.
//      (See descriptions of both implementations for details.)
// Arguments:
// - clusters - text and column counts for each piece of text.
// - coord - character coordinate target to render within viewport
// - trimLeft - This specifies whether to trim one character width off the left
//      side of the output. Used for drawing the right-half only of a
//      double-wide character.
// - lineWrapped: true if this run we're painting is the end of a line that
//   wrapped. If we're not painting the last column of a wrapped line, then this
//   will be false.
// Return Value:
// - S_OK or suitable HRESULT error from writing pipe.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::PaintBufferLine(const std::span<const Cluster> clusters,
                                                   const til::point coord,
                                                   const bool /*trimLeft*/,
                                                   const bool lineWrapped) noexcept
{
    return _fUseAsciiOnly ?
               VtEngine::_PaintAsciiBufferLine(clusters, coord) :
               VtEngine::_PaintUtf8BufferLine(clusters, coord, lineWrapped);
}

// Method Description:
// - Wrapper for _Write. Write either an ascii-only, or a
//      proper utf-8 string, depending on our mode.
// Arguments:
// - wstr - wstring of text to be written
// - flush - set to true if the string should be flushed immediately
// Return Value:
// - S_OK or suitable HRESULT error from either conversion or writing pipe.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::WriteTerminalW(const std::wstring_view wstr, const bool flush) noexcept
{
    RETURN_IF_FAILED(_fUseAsciiOnly ?
                         VtEngine::_WriteTerminalAscii(wstr) :
                         VtEngine::_WriteTerminalUtf8(wstr));
    // GH#4106, GH#2011, GH#13710 - WriteTerminalW is only ever called by the
    // StateMachine, when we've encountered a string we don't understand. When
    // this happens, we will trigger a new frame in the renderer, and
    // immediately buffer this wstr (representing the sequence we didn't
    // understand). We won't immediately _Flush to the terminal - that might
    // cause flickering (where we've buffered some state but not the whole
    // "frame" as specified by the app). We'll just immediately buffer this
    // sequence, and flush it when the render thread comes around to paint the
    // frame normally, unless a flush has been explicitly requested.
    if (flush)
    {
        _flushImpl();
    }
    return S_OK;
}

// Method Description:
// - Sends a command to set the terminal's window to visible or hidden
// Arguments:
// - showOrHide - True if show; false if hide.
// Return Value:
// - S_OK or suitable HRESULT error from either conversion or writing pipe.
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::SetWindowVisibility(const bool showOrHide) noexcept
{
    if (showOrHide)
    {
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_Write("\x1b[1t"));
    }
    else
    {
        RETURN_IF_FAILED(_Write("\x1b[2t"));
    }
    _Flush();
    return S_OK;
}

// Method Description:
// - Updates the window's title string. Emits the VT sequence to SetWindowTitle.
// Arguments:
// - newTitle: the new string to use for the title of the window
// Return Value:
// - S_OK
[[nodiscard]] HRESULT XtermEngine::_DoUpdateTitle(const std::wstring_view newTitle) noexcept
{
    // inbox telnet uses xterm-ascii as its mode. If we're in ascii mode, don't
    //      do anything, to maintain compatibility.
    if (_fUseAsciiOnly)
    {
        return S_OK;
    }

    try
    {
        const auto converted = ConvertToA(CP_UTF8, newTitle);
        return VtEngine::_ChangeTitle(converted);
    }
    CATCH_RETURN();
}