RuntimeType.cs

//
// RuntimeType.cs
//
// Authors:
//	Marek Safar  <marek.safar@gmail.com>
//
// Copyright (C) 2015 Xamarin Inc (http://www.xamarin.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Globalization;
#if MONO_COM
using System.Reflection.Emit;
#endif
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.Security;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace System
{
	partial class RuntimeType
	{
		internal Object GenericCache;

		internal virtual MonoCMethod GetDefaultConstructor ()
		{
			// TODO: Requires MonoType
			throw new NotSupportedException ();
		}

		string GetDefaultMemberName ()
		{
			object [] att = GetCustomAttributes (typeof (DefaultMemberAttribute), true);
			return att.Length != 0 ? ((DefaultMemberAttribute) att [0]).MemberName : null;
		}

		RuntimeConstructorInfo m_serializationCtor;
		internal RuntimeConstructorInfo GetSerializationCtor()
		{
			if (m_serializationCtor == null) {
				var s_SICtorParamTypes = new Type[] { typeof(SerializationInfo), typeof(StreamingContext) };

				m_serializationCtor = GetConstructor(
					BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic,
					null,
					CallingConventions.Any,
					s_SICtorParamTypes,
					null) as RuntimeConstructorInfo;
			}

			return m_serializationCtor;
		}

		internal Object CreateInstanceSlow(bool publicOnly, bool skipCheckThis, bool fillCache, ref StackCrawlMark stackMark)
		{
			bool bNeedSecurityCheck = true;
			bool bCanBeCached = false;
			bool bSecurityCheckOff = false;

			if (!skipCheckThis)
				CreateInstanceCheckThis();

			if (!fillCache)
				bSecurityCheckOff = true;

			return CreateInstanceMono (!publicOnly);
		}

		object CreateInstanceMono (bool nonPublic)
		{
			var ctor = GetDefaultConstructor ();
			if (!nonPublic && ctor != null && !ctor.IsPublic) {
				ctor = null;
			}

			if (ctor == null) {
				Type elementType = this.GetRootElementType();
				if (ReferenceEquals (elementType, typeof (TypedReference)) || ReferenceEquals (elementType, typeof (RuntimeArgumentHandle)))
					throw new NotSupportedException (Environment.GetResourceString ("NotSupported_ContainsStackPtr"));

				if (IsValueType)
					return CreateInstanceInternal (this);

				throw new MissingMethodException (Locale.GetText ("Default constructor not found for type " + FullName));
			}

			// TODO: .net does more checks in unmanaged land in RuntimeTypeHandle::CreateInstance
			if (IsAbstract) {
				throw new MissingMethodException (Locale.GetText ("Cannot create an abstract class '{0}'.", FullName));
			}

			return ctor.InternalInvoke (null, null);
		}

		internal Object CheckValue (Object value, Binder binder, CultureInfo culture, BindingFlags invokeAttr)
		{
			bool failed = false;
			var res = TryConvertToType (value, ref failed);
			if (!failed)
				return res;

			if ((invokeAttr & BindingFlags.ExactBinding) == BindingFlags.ExactBinding)
				throw new ArgumentException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_ObjObjEx"), value.GetType(), this));

			if (binder != null && binder != Type.DefaultBinder)
				return binder.ChangeType (value, this, culture);

			throw new ArgumentException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_ObjObjEx"), value.GetType(), this));
		}

		object TryConvertToType (object value, ref bool failed)
		{
			if (IsInstanceOfType (value)) {
				return value;
			}

			if (IsByRef) {
				var elementType = GetElementType ();
				if (value == null || elementType.IsInstanceOfType (value)) {
					return value;
				}
			}

			if (value == null)
				return value;

			if (IsEnum) {
				var type = Enum.GetUnderlyingType (this);
				if (type == value.GetType ())
					return value;
				var res = IsConvertibleToPrimitiveType (value, this);
				if (res != null)
					return res;
			} else if (IsPrimitive) {
				var res = IsConvertibleToPrimitiveType (value, this);
				if (res != null)
					return res;
			} else if (IsPointer) {
				var vtype = value.GetType ();
				if (vtype == typeof (IntPtr) || vtype == typeof (UIntPtr))
					return value;
			}

			failed = true;
			return null;
		}

		// Binder uses some incompatible conversion rules. For example
		// int value cannot be used with decimal parameter but in other
		// ways it's more flexible than normal convertor, for example
		// long value can be used with int based enum
		static object IsConvertibleToPrimitiveType (object value, Type targetType)
		{
			var type = value.GetType ();
			if (type.IsEnum) {
				type = Enum.GetUnderlyingType (type);
				if (type == targetType)
					return value;
			}

			var from = Type.GetTypeCode (type);
			var to = Type.GetTypeCode (targetType);

			switch (to) {
				case TypeCode.Char:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (Char) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.Int16:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (Int16) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.SByte:
							return (Int16) (SByte) value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.UInt16:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (UInt16) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.Int32:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (Int32) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.SByte:
							return (Int32) (SByte) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return (Int32) (Char) value;
						case TypeCode.Int16:
							return (Int32) (Int16) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return (Int32) (UInt16) value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.UInt32:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (UInt32) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return (UInt32) (Char) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return (UInt32) (UInt16) value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.Int64:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (Int64) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.SByte:
							return (Int64) (SByte) value;
						case TypeCode.Int16:
							return (Int64) (Int16) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return (Int64) (Char) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return (Int64) (UInt16) value;
						case TypeCode.Int32:
							return (Int64) (Int32) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt32:
							return (Int64) (UInt32) value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.UInt64:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (UInt64) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return (UInt64) (Char) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return (UInt64) (UInt16) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt32:
							return (UInt64) (UInt32) value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.Single:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (Single) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.SByte:
							return (Single) (SByte) value;
						case TypeCode.Int16:
							return (Single) (Int16) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return (Single) (Char) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return (Single) (UInt16) value;
						case TypeCode.Int32:
							return (Single) (Int32) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt32:
							return (Single) (UInt32) value;
						case TypeCode.Int64:
							return (Single) (Int64) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt64:
							return (Single) (UInt64) value;
					}
					break;
				case TypeCode.Double:
					switch (from) {
						case TypeCode.Byte:
							return (Double) (Byte) value;
						case TypeCode.SByte:
							return (Double) (SByte) value;
						case TypeCode.Char:
							return (Double) (Char) value;
						case TypeCode.Int16:
							return (Double) (Int16) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt16:
							return (Double) (UInt16) value;
						case TypeCode.Int32:
							return (Double) (Int32) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt32:
							return (Double) (UInt32) value;
						case TypeCode.Int64:
							return (Double) (Int64) value;
						case TypeCode.UInt64:
							return (Double) (UInt64) value;
						case TypeCode.Single:
							return (Double) (Single) value;
					}
					break;
			}

			// Everything else is rejected
			return null;
		}

		string GetCachedName (TypeNameKind kind)
		{
			switch (kind) {
			case TypeNameKind.SerializationName:
				return ToString ();
			default:
				throw new NotImplementedException ();
			}
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern Type make_array_type (int rank);

		public override Type MakeArrayType ()
		{
			return make_array_type (0);
		}

		public override Type MakeArrayType (int rank)
		{
			if (rank < 1 || rank > 255)
				throw new IndexOutOfRangeException ();
			return make_array_type (rank);
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern Type make_byref_type ();

		public override Type MakeByRefType ()
		{
			if (IsByRef)
				throw new TypeLoadException ("Can not call MakeByRefType on a ByRef type");
			return make_byref_type ();
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		static extern Type MakePointerType (Type type);

		public override Type MakePointerType ()
		{
			return MakePointerType (this);
		}

		public override StructLayoutAttribute StructLayoutAttribute {
			get {
				return StructLayoutAttribute.GetCustomAttribute (this);
			}
		}

		public override bool ContainsGenericParameters {
			get {
				if (IsGenericParameter)
					return true;

				if (IsGenericType) {
					foreach (Type arg in GetGenericArguments ())
						if (arg.ContainsGenericParameters)
							return true;
				}

				if (HasElementType)
					return GetElementType ().ContainsGenericParameters;

				return false;
			}
		}

		public override Type[] GetGenericParameterConstraints()
		{
			if (!IsGenericParameter)
				throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_NotGenericParameter"));
			Contract.EndContractBlock();

			Type[] constraints = GetGenericParameterConstraints_impl ();

			if (constraints == null)
				constraints = EmptyArray<Type>.Value;

			return constraints;
		}

		internal static object CreateInstanceForAnotherGenericParameter (Type genericType, RuntimeType genericArgument)
		{
			var gt = (RuntimeType) MakeGenericType (genericType, new Type [] { genericArgument });
			var ctor = gt.GetDefaultConstructor ();
			return ctor.InternalInvoke (null, null);
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		static extern Type MakeGenericType (Type gt, Type [] types);

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		internal extern RuntimeMethodInfo[] GetMethodsByName (string name, BindingFlags bindingAttr, bool ignoreCase, Type reflected_type);

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern RuntimePropertyInfo[] GetPropertiesByName (string name, BindingFlags bindingAttr, bool icase, Type reflected_type);		

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern RuntimeConstructorInfo[] GetConstructors_internal (BindingFlags bindingAttr, Type reflected_type);

		public override InterfaceMapping GetInterfaceMap (Type ifaceType)
		{
			if (IsGenericParameter)
				throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_GenericParameter"));
		
			if ((object)ifaceType == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException("ifaceType");
			Contract.EndContractBlock();

			RuntimeType ifaceRtType = ifaceType as RuntimeType;

			if (ifaceRtType == null)
				throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_MustBeRuntimeType"), "ifaceType");

			InterfaceMapping res;
			if (!ifaceType.IsInterface)
				throw new ArgumentException (Locale.GetText ("Argument must be an interface."), "ifaceType");
			if (IsInterface)
				throw new ArgumentException ("'this' type cannot be an interface itself");
			res.TargetType = this;
			res.InterfaceType = ifaceType;
			GetInterfaceMapData (this, ifaceType, out res.TargetMethods, out res.InterfaceMethods);
			if (res.TargetMethods == null)
				throw new ArgumentException (Locale.GetText ("Interface not found"), "ifaceType");

			return res;
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		static extern void GetInterfaceMapData (Type t, Type iface, out MethodInfo[] targets, out MethodInfo[] methods);		

		public override Guid GUID {
			get {
				object[] att = GetCustomAttributes(typeof(System.Runtime.InteropServices.GuidAttribute), true);
				if (att.Length == 0)
					return Guid.Empty;
				return new Guid(((System.Runtime.InteropServices.GuidAttribute)att[0]).Value);
			}
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		internal extern void GetPacking (out int packing, out int size);

#if MONO_COM
		private static Dictionary<Guid, Type> clsid_types;
		private static AssemblyBuilder clsid_assemblybuilder;
#endif

		internal static Type GetTypeFromCLSIDImpl(Guid clsid, String server, bool throwOnError)
		{
#if MONO_COM
			Type result;

			if (clsid_types == null)
			{
				Dictionary<Guid, Type> new_clsid_types = new Dictionary<Guid, Type> ();
				Interlocked.CompareExchange<Dictionary<Guid, Type>>(
					ref clsid_types, new_clsid_types, null);
			}

			lock (clsid_types) {
				if (clsid_types.TryGetValue(clsid, out result))
					return result;

				if (clsid_assemblybuilder == null)
				{
					AssemblyName assemblyname = new AssemblyName ();
					assemblyname.Name = "GetTypeFromCLSIDDummyAssembly";
					clsid_assemblybuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly (
						assemblyname, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);
				}
				ModuleBuilder modulebuilder = clsid_assemblybuilder.DefineDynamicModule (
					clsid.ToString ());

				TypeBuilder typebuilder = modulebuilder.DefineType ("System.__ComObject",
					TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Class, typeof(System.__ComObject));

				Type[] guidattrtypes = new Type[] { typeof(string) };

				CustomAttributeBuilder customattr = new CustomAttributeBuilder (
					typeof(GuidAttribute).GetConstructor (guidattrtypes),
					new object[] { clsid.ToString () });

				typebuilder.SetCustomAttribute (customattr);

				customattr = new CustomAttributeBuilder (
					typeof(ComImportAttribute).GetConstructor (EmptyTypes),
					new object[0] {});

				typebuilder.SetCustomAttribute (customattr);

				result = typebuilder.CreateType ();

				clsid_types.Add(clsid, result);

				return result;
			}
#else
			throw new NotImplementedException ("Unmanaged activation removed");
#endif
		}

		protected override TypeCode GetTypeCodeImpl ()
		{
			return GetTypeCodeImplInternal (this);
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern static TypeCode GetTypeCodeImplInternal (Type type);		

		internal static Type GetTypeFromProgIDImpl(String progID, String server, bool throwOnError)
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ("Unmanaged activation is not supported");
		}

		public override string ToString()
		{
			return getFullName (false, false);
		}

		bool IsGenericCOMObjectImpl ()
		{
			return false;
		}

		[MethodImplAttribute (MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		static extern object CreateInstanceInternal (Type type);

		public extern override MethodBase DeclaringMethod {
			[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
			get;
		}		
		
		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		internal extern string getFullName(bool full_name, bool assembly_qualified);

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern Type[] GetGenericArgumentsInternal (bool runtimeArray);

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern GenericParameterAttributes GetGenericParameterAttributes ();

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern Type[] GetGenericParameterConstraints_impl ();

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern int GetGenericParameterPosition ();

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern RuntimeEventInfo[] GetEvents_internal (string name, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Type reflected_type);

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern RuntimeFieldInfo[] GetFields_internal (string name, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Type reflected_type);

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		public extern override Type[] GetInterfaces();

		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		extern RuntimeType[] GetNestedTypes_internal (string name, BindingFlags bindingAttr);		

		public override string AssemblyQualifiedName {
			get {
				return getFullName (true, true);
			}
		}

		public extern override Type DeclaringType {
			[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
			get;
		}

		public override string FullName {
			get {
				throw new NotImplementedException ();
			}
		}

		public extern override string Name {
			[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
			get;
		}

		public extern override string Namespace {
			[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
			get;
		}

#if MOBILE
		static int get_core_clr_security_level ()
		{
			return 1;
		}
#else
		//seclevel { transparent = 0, safe-critical = 1, critical = 2}
		[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
		public extern int get_core_clr_security_level ();

		public override bool IsSecurityTransparent {
			get { return get_core_clr_security_level () == 0; }
		}

		public override bool IsSecurityCritical {
			get { return get_core_clr_security_level () > 0; }
		}

		public override bool IsSecuritySafeCritical {
			get { return get_core_clr_security_level () == 1; }
		}
#endif
	}
}