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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>[django]使用 nginx + fastcgi 部署 django - Mozillazg's Blog</title>
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<meta name="description" content="本文测试环境：linux mint，python 2.7，django 1.4 安装依赖 安装 flup: $ sudo pip install flup 安装 nginx $ sudo apt-get install nginx 设置 django 本例中项目名为 bbs: $ pwd /var/www/bbs $ tree . -d . |-- bb # 应用 |-- bbs # settings.py wsgi.py |-- static # 静态文件 | `-- css `-- templates # TEMPLATE_DIRS 配置 settings： TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( '/var/www/bbs ..." />
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[django]使用 nginx + fastcgi 部署 django
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2013-01-31
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<a href="https://mozillazg.com/category/django.html">django</a>
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<p>本文测试环境：linux mint，python 2.7，django 1.4</p>
<h2 id="_1">安装依赖</h2>
<p>安装 flup:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> sudo pip install flup
</pre></div>
<p>安装 nginx</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> sudo apt-get install nginx
</pre></div>
<h2 id="django">设置 django</h2>
<p>本例中项目名为 bbs:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">pwd</span>
<span class="go">/var/www/bbs</span>
<span class="gp">$</span> tree . -d
<span class="go">.</span>
<span class="go">|-- bb # 应用</span>
<span class="go">|-- bbs # settings.py wsgi.py</span>
<span class="go">|-- static # 静态文件</span>
<span class="go">| `-- css</span>
<span class="go">`-- templates # TEMPLATE_DIRS</span>
</pre></div>
<p>配置 settings：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="n">TEMPLATE_DIRS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">'/var/www/bbs/templates'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># 这里要是绝对路径</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">STATIC_ROOT</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'/var/www/bbs/static'</span>
</pre></div>
<p>配置 wsgi.py:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/var/www/bbs/'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># 项目目录的绝对路径</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"bbs.settings"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>本例中使用 /var/www/bbs/static/ 保存静态文件，使用命令
<code>python manage.py collectstatic</code> 收集静态文件。</p>
<p>最终 /var/www/bbs/static/ 目录结构应该类似（admin 目录及其目录下文件一定要有）：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> tree static -d
<span class="go">static</span>
<span class="go">|-- admin</span>
<span class="go">| |-- css</span>
<span class="go">| |-- img</span>
<span class="go">| | `-- gis</span>
<span class="go">| `-- js</span>
<span class="go">| `-- admin</span>
<span class="go">`-- css</span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="nginx">配置 nginx</h2>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.conf
<span class="go">server {</span>
<span class="go"> listen 80;</span>
<span class="go"> server_name bbs.com;</span>
<span class="go"> access_log /var/log/nginx/bbs.access.log;</span>
<span class="go"> error_log /var/log/nginx/bbs.error.log;</span>
<span class="go"> location / {</span>
<span class="go"> # host and port to fastcgi server</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8081; # host:port</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_pass_header Authorization;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_intercept_errors off;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;</span>
<span class="go"> fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;</span>
<span class="go"> }</span>
<span class="go"> location /static/ { # STATIC_URL</span>
<span class="go"> alias /var/www/bbs/static/; # STATIC_ROOT </span>
<span class="go"> }</span>
<span class="go"> location /meida/ { # MEDIA_URL</span>
<span class="go"> alias /var/www/bbs/media/; # MEDIA_ROOT </span>
<span class="go"> }</span>
<span class="go"> # 如果 admin 文件夹在 static 目录下，可以不配置下面项</span>
<span class="go"> location /static/admin/ { # admin static file</span>
<span class="go"> alias /var/www/bbs/static/admin/;</span>
<span class="go"> }</span>
<span class="go">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>以 fastcgi 的形式运行 django 项目（注意：这里的 host 及 port 要与上面配置的一样）：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> python manage.py runfcgi <span class="nv">host</span><span class="o">=</span>127.0.0.1 <span class="nv">port</span><span class="o">=</span>8081
</pre></div>
<p>终止 fastcgi 话，查看相关进程然后结束掉即可：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ps aux | grep cgi
<span class="go">mzg 2500 0.0 5.0 34860 12480 ? S 15:43 0:00 python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8081</span>
<span class="go">mzg 2501 0.0 4.7 34860 11784 ? S 15:43 0:00 python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8081</span>
<span class="go">mzg 2502 0.0 4.7 34860 11788 ? S 15:43 0:00 python manage.py runfcgi host=127.0.0.1 port=8081</span>
<span class="gp">$</span> sudo <span class="nb">kill </span>2500
<span class="gp">$</span> ps aux | grep cgi
<span class="go">mzg 2745 0.0 0.3 5128 876 pts/1 S+ 16:05 0:00 grep --colour=auto cgi</span>
</pre></div>
<p>测试环境的话，由于域名是虚构的，所以要配置 /etc/hosts 添加 <code>127.0.0.1 bbs.com</code>：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> sudo vim /etc/hosts
<span class="gp">$</span> tail /etc/hosts
<span class="go">127.0.0.1 bbs.com</span>
</pre></div>
<p>更改目录权限：</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/bbs -R
</pre></div>
<p>启动 nginx 服务</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> service nginx restart
</pre></div>
<p>结果：</p>
<p><img alt="前台" src="/static/images/2013-1-django-deploying-nginx-01.png" /></p>
<p><img alt="后台" src="/static/images/2013-1-django-deploying-nginx-02.png" /></p>
<p>后续 linux 相关的工作暂且不表：</p>
<ul>
<li><del>配置项目目录访问权限</del></li>
<li>配置 iptables ，开放 80 端口</li>
</ul>
<p>测试项目及配置文件可以从 <a href="https://github.com/mozillazg/django-simple-projects/tree/master/projects/bbs">这个代码仓库</a> 中获取。</p>
<h2 id="_2">参考</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/fastcgi/">How to use Django with FastCGI, SCGI, or AJP | Django documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.dmclaughlin.com/2008/11/03/complete-guide-to-deploying-django-on-ubuntu-with-nginx-fastcgi-and-mysql/">David McLaughlin » Complete guide to deploying django on Ubuntu with nginx, FastCGI and MySQL</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /.entry-content -->
<section class="well" id="related-posts">
<p>Related Posts:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://mozillazg.com/2013/06/django-south-rename-model-or-table.html">[django]使用 South 重命名 model 名称</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mozillazg.com/2013/02/django-typeerror-decod-argument-1-must-be-string-not-none.html">[django] 创建后台超级用户时出现 TypeError: decode() argument 1 must be string, not None 错误</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mozillazg.com/2013/10/django-TypeError-delete-got-an-unexpected-keyword-argument-using.html">[django]修复 "TypeError: delete() got an unexpected keyword argument 'using'"</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mozillazg.com/2013/04/django-custom-model-display-name-on-admin-pages.html">[django]自定义 model 在后台显示的名称</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mozillazg.com/2014/03/django-save-uploaded-file-with-utf8-encoding-by-custom-model-field.html">[django]通过自定义 Model Field 的方式将上传的文本文件按 UTF-8 编码保存</a></li>
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