Towards Practical and Efficient Image-to-Speech Captioning with Vision-Language Pre-training and Multi-modal Tokens

This repository contains the PyTorch implementation of the following paper:

Towards Practical and Efficient Image-to-Speech Captioning with Vision-Language Pre-training and Multi-modal Tokens
Minsu Kim, Jeongsoo Choi, Soumi Maiti, Jeong Hun Yeo, Shinji Watanabe, and Yong Man Ro
[Paper] [Project]

Requirements

• python 3.8
• pytorch 1.12~
• ffmpeg
• tensorboard
• opencv-python
• pillow
• librosa
• editdistance
• transformers
• timm
• einops 0.3.0
• fairseq
• https://github.com/thuanz123/enhancing-transformers

Datasets Download

SpokenCOCO dataset

• https://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls/downloads/placesaudio/index.cgi

Flickr8k Audio dataset

• https://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls/downloads/flickraudio/

COCO2014 dataset

• https://cocodataset.org/

Flickr8k dataset

• https://github.com/jbrownlee/Datasets/blob/master/Flickr8k_Dataset.names

Karpathy split

• https://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/deepimagesent/

Directory structure

COCO_2014
├── annotations
|   └── *.json
├── train2014
|   └── *.jpg
├── val2014
└── test2014

SpokenCOCO
├── *.json
└── Hubert_units
    ├── train
    |   └── *
    |       └── *.unit
    └── val

Flickr8k
├── Images
|   └── *.jpg
└── captions.txt

Flickr8k_audio
└── Hubert_units
    └── *.unit

Extracting Speech Unit

We directly utilized the pre-trained K-means cluster model of link. Please refer to the repository to extract speech unit (HuBERT Base + KM200). We use different output format with the repository, we save each speech unit by using

feat = FR.get_feature(file)
pred = kmeans_model.predict(feat)
pred = np.asarray(pred, dtype=np.int64)
torch.save(pred, out_path)

Please put the extracted units as the above directory structure.

Image Unit Extractor

Please download SeiT_weights.tar from SeiT github and extract it. Put tokenizer.ckpt and codebook.ckpt in ./pretrained/ directory.

Unit-based Vocoder

Please download pre-trained unit-based vocoder CKPT and CFG. Put g_00950000 and config.json in ./Vocoder/ directory.

Testing the Model

To test the model, modify some argument in test_Im_Sp.sh and test_Im_Sp_unit.sh.
Please refer below for the argument information. After properly setting the argument, run following command:

# test example
sh test_Im_Sp.sh

Descriptions of important argument:

• ROOT: The output directory
• DEVICE_ID: GPU number
• REF: data dir path to COCO2014 (assuming the directory contains 'annotations/captions_val2014.json')
• CKPT: Model checkpoint
• Fairseq_path: The path for fairseq installed
• Image_path_co: data dir path to COCO2014 ('dir_to/COCO_2014')
• Speech_path_co: data dir path to Speech unit of SpokenCOCO ('dir_to/SpokenCOCO/Hubert_units')
• Split_path_co: data dir path to SpokenCOCO ('dir_to/SpokenCOCO', assuming the directory contains json files)
• Image_path_fl: data dir path to Flickr8k ('dir_to/Flickr8k/Images')
• Speech_path_fl: data dir path to Speech unit of Flickr8k ('dir_to/Flickr8k_audio/Hubert_units')
• Split_path_kp: data dir path to Karpathy split ('dir_to/Karpathy_split')

Pre-trained model checkpoints

The pre-trained models are available.

Model	Dataset	BLEU-4 (COCO)	BLEU-4 (Flickr 8k)	Link
Image to Speech	COCO & Flickr8k	25.9	20.6	Link
Image unit to Speech	COCO & Flickr8k	20.1	16.7	Link

Training the Model

If you set project which will be the project name of wandb, you should have the wandb account and login. To train the model, run following command:

# Distributed training example using 4 GPUs
torchrun --standalone --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=4 \
train_Im_Sp.py \
--image_path_co dir_to/COCO_2014 \
--speech_unit_path_co dir_to/SpokenCOCO/Hubert_units \
--split_path_co dir_to/SpokenCOCO \
--image_path_fl dir_to/Flickr8k/Images \
--speech_unit_path_fl dir_to/Flickr8k_audio/Hubert_units \
--split_path_karpathy dir_to/Karpathy_split \
--checkpoint_dir ./data/checkpoints/IM_Speech \
--temp_dir ./tmp_eval/IM_Speech \
--project IM_Speech \
--architecture git-large-coco \
--batch_size 16 \
--eval_step 5000 \
--lr 5e-5 \
--gpu 0,1,2,3 \
--update_frequency 1 \
--start_epoch 0 \
--vit_fix \
--warmup \
--warmup_iteration 10000 \
--tot_iters 100000 \
--distributed \

Descriptions of training parameters are as follows:

• --checkpoint_dir: directory for saving checkpoints
• --checkpoint : saved checkpoint where the training is resumed from
• --batch_size: batch size
• --eval_step: steps to perform evaluation
• --dataparallel: Use DataParallel
• --gpu: gpu number for training
• --lr: learning rate
• --update_frequency: gradient accumulation steps
• --vit_fix: image encoder freeze
• Refer to train_Im_Sp.py for the other training parameters

The evaluation during training is performed for a subset of the validation dataset due to the heavy inference time.
In order to evaluate the entire performance of the trained model run the test code (refer to "Testing the Model" section).

Citation

If you find this work useful in your research, please cite the paper:

@inproceedings{kim2023towards,
  title={Towards Practical and Efficient Image-to-Speech Captioning with Vision-Language Pre-training and Multi-modal Tokens},
  author={Kim, Minsu and Choi, Jeongsoo and Maiti, Soumi and Yeo, Jeong Hun and Watanabe, Shinji and Ro, Yong Man},
  booktitle={2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  year={2024},
  organization={IEEE}
}