setup.py

from setuptools import setup, Extension, distutils, Command, find_packages
import setuptools.command.build_ext
import setuptools.command.install
import setuptools.command.develop
import setuptools.command.build_py
import distutils.unixccompiler
import distutils.command.build
import distutils.command.clean
import platform
import subprocess
import shutil
import sys
import os

from tools.setup_helpers.env import check_env_flag
from tools.setup_helpers.cuda import WITH_CUDA, CUDA_HOME, CUDA_VERSION
from tools.setup_helpers.cudnn import WITH_CUDNN, CUDNN_LIB_DIR, CUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR
from tools.setup_helpers.nccl import WITH_NCCL, WITH_SYSTEM_NCCL, NCCL_LIB_DIR, \
    NCCL_INCLUDE_DIR, NCCL_ROOT_DIR, NCCL_SYSTEM_LIB
from tools.setup_helpers.nnpack import WITH_NNPACK, NNPACK_LIB_PATHS, \
    NNPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS
from tools.setup_helpers.split_types import split_types

DEBUG = check_env_flag('DEBUG')
WITH_DISTRIBUTED = not check_env_flag('NO_DISTRIBUTED')
WITH_DISTRIBUTED_MW = WITH_DISTRIBUTED and check_env_flag('WITH_DISTRIBUTED_MW')


################################################################################
# Workaround setuptools -Wstrict-prototypes warnings
# I lifted this code from https://stackoverflow.com/a/29634231/23845
################################################################################
import distutils.sysconfig
cfg_vars = distutils.sysconfig.get_config_vars()
for key, value in cfg_vars.items():
    if type(value) == str:
        cfg_vars[key] = value.replace("-Wstrict-prototypes", "")

################################################################################
# Monkey-patch setuptools to compile in parallel
################################################################################
original_link = distutils.unixccompiler.UnixCCompiler.link


def parallelCCompile(self, sources, output_dir=None, macros=None,
                     include_dirs=None, debug=0, extra_preargs=None,
                     extra_postargs=None, depends=None):
    # those lines are copied from distutils.ccompiler.CCompiler directly
    macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = self._setup_compile(
        output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs)
    cc_args = self._get_cc_args(pp_opts, debug, extra_preargs)

    # compile using a thread pool
    import multiprocessing.pool

    def _single_compile(obj):
        src, ext = build[obj]
        self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
    num_jobs = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
    max_jobs = os.getenv("MAX_JOBS")
    if max_jobs is not None:
        num_jobs = min(num_jobs, int(max_jobs))
    multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool(num_jobs).map(_single_compile, objects)

    return objects


def patched_link(self, *args, **kwargs):
    _cxx = self.compiler_cxx
    self.compiler_cxx = None
    result = original_link(self, *args, **kwargs)
    self.compiler_cxx = _cxx
    return result


distutils.ccompiler.CCompiler.compile = parallelCCompile
distutils.unixccompiler.UnixCCompiler.link = patched_link

################################################################################
# Custom build commands
################################################################################

dep_libs = [
    'nccl', 'ATen',
    'libshm', 'gloo', 'THD', 'nanopb',
]


def build_libs(libs):
    for lib in libs:
        assert lib in dep_libs, 'invalid lib: {}'.format(lib)
    build_libs_cmd = ['bash', 'torch/lib/build_libs.sh']
    my_env = os.environ.copy()
    my_env["PYTORCH_PYTHON"] = sys.executable
    if WITH_SYSTEM_NCCL:
        my_env["NCCL_ROOT_DIR"] = NCCL_ROOT_DIR
    if WITH_CUDA:
        my_env["CUDA_BIN_PATH"] = CUDA_HOME
        build_libs_cmd += ['--with-cuda']

    if subprocess.call(build_libs_cmd + libs, env=my_env) != 0:
        sys.exit(1)

    if 'ATen' in libs:
        from tools.nnwrap import generate_wrappers as generate_nn_wrappers
        generate_nn_wrappers()


class build_deps(Command):
    user_options = []

    def initialize_options(self):
        pass

    def finalize_options(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        libs = []
        if WITH_NCCL and not WITH_SYSTEM_NCCL:
            libs += ['nccl']
        libs += ['ATen', 'libshm', 'nanopb']
        if WITH_DISTRIBUTED:
            if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
                libs += ['gloo']
            libs += ['THD']
        build_libs(libs)


build_dep_cmds = {}

for lib in dep_libs:
    # wrap in function to capture lib
    class build_dep(build_deps):
        description = 'Build {} external library'.format(lib)

        def run(self):
            build_libs([self.lib])
    build_dep.lib = lib
    build_dep_cmds['build_' + lib.lower()] = build_dep


class build_module(Command):
    user_options = []

    def initialize_options(self):
        pass

    def finalize_options(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        self.run_command('build_py')
        self.run_command('build_ext')


class build_py(setuptools.command.build_py.build_py):

    def run(self):
        self.create_version_file()
        setuptools.command.build_py.build_py.run(self)

    @staticmethod
    def create_version_file():
        global version, cwd
        print('-- Building version ' + version)
        version_path = os.path.join(cwd, 'torch', 'version.py')
        with open(version_path, 'w') as f:
            f.write("__version__ = '{}'\n".format(version))
            # NB: This is not 100% accurate, because you could have built the
            # library code with DEBUG, but csrc without DEBUG (in which case
            # this would claim to be a release build when it's not.)
            f.write("debug = {}\n".format(repr(DEBUG)))
            f.write("cuda = {}\n".format(repr(CUDA_VERSION)))


class develop(setuptools.command.develop.develop):

    def run(self):
        build_py.create_version_file()
        setuptools.command.develop.develop.run(self)


def monkey_patch_THD_link_flags():
    '''
    THD's dynamic link deps are not determined until after build_deps is run
    So, we need to monkey-patch them in later
    '''
    # read tmp_install_path/THD_deps.txt for THD's dynamic linkage deps
    with open(tmp_install_path + '/THD_deps.txt', 'r') as f:
        thd_deps_ = f.read()
    thd_deps = []
    # remove empty lines
    for l in thd_deps_.split(';'):
        if l != '':
            thd_deps.append(l)

    C.extra_link_args += thd_deps


class build_ext(setuptools.command.build_ext.build_ext):

    def run(self):
        # Print build options
        if WITH_NUMPY:
            print('-- Building with NumPy bindings')
        else:
            print('-- NumPy not found')
        if WITH_CUDNN:
            print('-- Detected cuDNN at ' + CUDNN_LIB_DIR + ', ' + CUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR)
        else:
            print('-- Not using cuDNN')
        if WITH_CUDA:
            print('-- Detected CUDA at ' + CUDA_HOME)
        else:
            print('-- Not using CUDA')
        if WITH_NCCL and WITH_SYSTEM_NCCL:
            print('-- Using system provided NCCL library at ' +
                  NCCL_SYSTEM_LIB + ', ' + NCCL_INCLUDE_DIR)
        elif WITH_NCCL:
            print('-- Building NCCL library')
        else:
            print('-- Not using NCCL')
        if WITH_DISTRIBUTED:
            print('-- Building with distributed package ')
            monkey_patch_THD_link_flags()
        else:
            print('-- Building without distributed package')

        # Do we actually need this here?
        if WITH_NNPACK:
            nnpack_dir = NNPACK_LIB_PATHS[0]
            print('-- Detected NNPACK at ' + nnpack_dir)
        else:
            print('-- Not using NNPACK')
        # cwrap depends on pyyaml, so we can't import it earlier
        from tools.cwrap import cwrap
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.THPPlugin import THPPlugin
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.ArgcountSortPlugin import ArgcountSortPlugin
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.AutoGPU import AutoGPU
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.BoolOption import BoolOption
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.KwargsPlugin import KwargsPlugin
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.NullableArguments import NullableArguments

        from tools.cwrap.plugins.CuDNNPlugin import CuDNNPlugin
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.WrapDim import WrapDim
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.AssertNDim import AssertNDim

        from tools.cwrap.plugins.Broadcast import Broadcast
        from tools.cwrap.plugins.ProcessorSpecificPlugin import ProcessorSpecificPlugin
        from tools.autograd.gen_variable_type import gen_variable_type
        from tools.jit.gen_jit_dispatch import gen_jit_dispatch
        thp_plugin = THPPlugin()

        cwrap('torch/csrc/generic/TensorMethods.cwrap', plugins=[
            ProcessorSpecificPlugin(), BoolOption(), thp_plugin,
            AutoGPU(condition='IS_CUDA'), ArgcountSortPlugin(), KwargsPlugin(),
            AssertNDim(), WrapDim(), Broadcast()
        ])
        cwrap('torch/csrc/cudnn/cuDNN.cwrap', plugins=[
            CuDNNPlugin(), NullableArguments()
        ])
        # Build ATen based Variable classes
        autograd_gen_dir = 'torch/csrc/autograd/generated'
        jit_gen_dir = 'torch/csrc/jit/generated'
        for d in (autograd_gen_dir, jit_gen_dir):
            if not os.path.exists(d):
                os.mkdir(d)
        gen_variable_type(
            'torch/lib/tmp_install/share/ATen/Declarations.yaml',
            autograd_gen_dir)
        gen_jit_dispatch(
            'torch/lib/tmp_install/share/ATen/Declarations.yaml',
            jit_gen_dir)

        # It's an old-style class in Python 2.7...
        setuptools.command.build_ext.build_ext.run(self)


class build(distutils.command.build.build):
    sub_commands = [
        ('build_deps', lambda self: True),
    ] + distutils.command.build.build.sub_commands


class install(setuptools.command.install.install):

    def run(self):
        if not self.skip_build:
            self.run_command('build_deps')
        setuptools.command.install.install.run(self)


class clean(distutils.command.clean.clean):

    def run(self):
        import glob
        with open('.gitignore', 'r') as f:
            ignores = f.read()
            for wildcard in filter(bool, ignores.split('\n')):
                for filename in glob.glob(wildcard):
                    try:
                        os.remove(filename)
                    except OSError:
                        shutil.rmtree(filename, ignore_errors=True)

        # It's an old-style class in Python 2.7...
        distutils.command.clean.clean.run(self)


################################################################################
# Configure compile flags
################################################################################

include_dirs = []
library_dirs = []
extra_link_args = []
extra_compile_args = ['-std=c++11', '-Wno-write-strings',
                      # Python 2.6 requires -fno-strict-aliasing, see
                      # http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3123/
                      '-fno-strict-aliasing',
                      # Clang has an unfixed bug leading to spurious missing
                      # braces warnings, see
                      # https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=21629
                      '-Wno-missing-braces']

cwd = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
lib_path = os.path.join(cwd, "torch", "lib")


# Check if you remembered to check out submodules
def check_file(f):
    if not os.path.exists(f):
        print("Could not find {}".format(f))
        print("Did you run 'git submodule update --init'?")
        sys.exit(1)
check_file(os.path.join(lib_path, "gloo", "CMakeLists.txt"))
check_file(os.path.join(lib_path, "nanopb", "CMakeLists.txt"))
check_file(os.path.join(lib_path, "pybind11", "CMakeLists.txt"))

tmp_install_path = lib_path + "/tmp_install"
include_dirs += [
    cwd,
    os.path.join(cwd, "torch", "csrc"),
    lib_path + "/pybind11/include",
    tmp_install_path + "/include",
    tmp_install_path + "/include/TH",
    tmp_install_path + "/include/THNN",
    tmp_install_path + "/include/ATen",
]

library_dirs.append(lib_path)

# we specify exact lib names to avoid conflict with lua-torch installs
ATEN_LIB = os.path.join(lib_path, 'libATen.so.1')
THD_LIB = os.path.join(lib_path, 'libTHD.a')
NCCL_LIB = os.path.join(lib_path, 'libnccl.so.1')
if platform.system() == 'Darwin':
    ATEN_LIB = os.path.join(lib_path, 'libATen.1.dylib')
    NCCL_LIB = os.path.join(lib_path, 'libnccl.1.dylib')

# static library only
NANOPB_STATIC_LIB = os.path.join(lib_path, 'libprotobuf-nanopb.a')

main_compile_args = ['-D_THP_CORE']
main_libraries = ['shm']
main_link_args = [ATEN_LIB, NANOPB_STATIC_LIB]
main_sources = [
    "torch/csrc/PtrWrapper.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/Module.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/Generator.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/Size.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/Exceptions.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/Storage.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/DynamicTypes.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/assertions.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/byte_order.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/utils.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/expand_utils.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/utils/invalid_arguments.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/utils/object_ptr.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/utils/python_arg_parser.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/utils/tensor_geometry.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/utils/tuple_parser.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/allocators.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/serialization.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/init.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/ir.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/python_ir.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/test_jit.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/tracer.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/python_tracer.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/interned_strings.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/type.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/export.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/python_arg_flatten.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/passes/graph_fuser.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/passes/onnx.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/passes/dead_code_elimination.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/passes/common_subexpression_elimination.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/passes/peephole.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/passes/onnx/peephole.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/jit/generated/aten_dispatch.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/init.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/engine.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/function.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/variable.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/saved_variable.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/input_buffer.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/profiler.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/python_function.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/python_cpp_function.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/python_variable.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/python_engine.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/python_hook.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/jit_closure.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/generated/VariableType.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/generated/Functions.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/generated/python_variable_methods.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/generated/python_functions.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/generated/python_nn_functions.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/batch_normalization.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/convolution.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/basic_ops.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/tensor.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/accumulate_grad.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/special.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/utils.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/init.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/onnx/convolution.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/onnx/batch_normalization.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/autograd/functions/onnx/basic_ops.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/onnx/onnx.pb.cpp",
    "torch/csrc/onnx/onnx.cpp",
]
main_sources += split_types("torch/csrc/Tensor.cpp")

try:
    import numpy as np
    include_dirs += [np.get_include()]
    extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_NUMPY']
    WITH_NUMPY = True
except ImportError:
    WITH_NUMPY = False

if WITH_DISTRIBUTED:
    extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_DISTRIBUTED']
    main_sources += [
        "torch/csrc/distributed/Module.cpp",
    ]
    if WITH_DISTRIBUTED_MW:
        main_sources += [
            "torch/csrc/distributed/Tensor.cpp",
            "torch/csrc/distributed/Storage.cpp",
        ]
        extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_DISTRIBUTED_MW']
    include_dirs += [tmp_install_path + "/include/THD"]
    main_link_args += [THD_LIB]

if WITH_CUDA:
    cuda_lib_dirs = ['lib64', 'lib']
    cuda_include_path = os.path.join(CUDA_HOME, 'include')
    for lib_dir in cuda_lib_dirs:
        cuda_lib_path = os.path.join(CUDA_HOME, lib_dir)
        if os.path.exists(cuda_lib_path):
            break
    include_dirs.append(cuda_include_path)
    include_dirs.append(tmp_install_path + "/include/THCUNN")
    library_dirs.append(cuda_lib_path)
    extra_link_args.append('-Wl,-rpath,' + cuda_lib_path)
    extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_CUDA']
    extra_compile_args += ['-DCUDA_LIB_PATH=' + cuda_lib_path]
    main_libraries += ['cudart', 'nvToolsExt']
    main_sources += [
        "torch/csrc/cuda/Module.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cuda/Storage.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cuda/Stream.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cuda/AutoGPU.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cuda/utils.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cuda/expand_utils.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cuda/serialization.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/jit/fusion_compiler.cpp",
    ]
    main_sources += split_types("torch/csrc/cuda/Tensor.cpp")

if WITH_NCCL:
    if WITH_SYSTEM_NCCL:
        main_link_args += [NCCL_SYSTEM_LIB]
        include_dirs.append(NCCL_INCLUDE_DIR)
    else:
        main_link_args += [NCCL_LIB]
    extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_NCCL']
    main_sources += [
        "torch/csrc/cuda/nccl.cpp",
    ]
if WITH_CUDNN:
    main_libraries += ['cudnn']
    library_dirs.append(CUDNN_LIB_DIR)
    # NOTE: these are at the front, in case there's another cuDNN in CUDA path
    include_dirs.insert(0, CUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR)
    extra_link_args.insert(0, '-Wl,-rpath,' + CUDNN_LIB_DIR)
    main_sources += [
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/BatchNorm.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/Conv.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/cuDNN.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/GridSampler.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/AffineGridGenerator.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/Types.cpp",
        "torch/csrc/cudnn/Handles.cpp",
    ]
    extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_CUDNN']

if WITH_NNPACK:
    include_dirs.extend(NNPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS)
    main_link_args.extend(NNPACK_LIB_PATHS)
    main_sources += [
        "torch/csrc/nnpack/NNPACK.cpp",
    ]
    extra_compile_args += ['-DWITH_NNPACK']

if DEBUG:
    extra_compile_args += ['-O0', '-g']
    extra_link_args += ['-O0', '-g']

if os.getenv('PYTORCH_BINARY_BUILD') and platform.system() == 'Linux':
    print('PYTORCH_BINARY_BUILD found. Static linking libstdc++ on Linux')
    # get path of libstdc++ and link manually.
    # for reasons unknown, -static-libstdc++ doesn't fully link some symbols
    CXXNAME = os.getenv('CXX', 'g++')
    STDCPP_LIB = subprocess.check_output([CXXNAME, '-print-file-name=libstdc++.a'])
    STDCPP_LIB = STDCPP_LIB[:-1]
    if type(STDCPP_LIB) != str:  # python 3
        STDCPP_LIB = STDCPP_LIB.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
    main_link_args += [STDCPP_LIB]
    version_script = os.path.abspath("tools/pytorch.version")
    extra_link_args += ['-Wl,--version-script=' + version_script]


def make_relative_rpath(path):
    if platform.system() == 'Darwin':
        return '-Wl,-rpath,@loader_path/' + path
    else:
        return '-Wl,-rpath,$ORIGIN/' + path

################################################################################
# Declare extensions and package
################################################################################

extensions = []
packages = find_packages(exclude=('tools', 'tools.*',))
C = Extension("torch._C",
              libraries=main_libraries,
              sources=main_sources,
              language='c++',
              extra_compile_args=main_compile_args + extra_compile_args,
              include_dirs=include_dirs,
              library_dirs=library_dirs,
              extra_link_args=extra_link_args + main_link_args + [make_relative_rpath('lib')],
              )
extensions.append(C)

DL = Extension("torch._dl",
               sources=["torch/csrc/dl.c"],
               language='c',
               )
extensions.append(DL)

THNN = Extension("torch._thnn._THNN",
                 sources=['torch/csrc/nn/THNN.cpp'],
                 language='c++',
                 extra_compile_args=extra_compile_args,
                 include_dirs=include_dirs,
                 extra_link_args=extra_link_args + [
                     ATEN_LIB,
                     make_relative_rpath('../lib'),
                 ]
                 )
extensions.append(THNN)

if WITH_CUDA:
    thnvrtc_link_flags = extra_link_args + [make_relative_rpath('lib')]
    if platform.system() == 'Linux':
        thnvrtc_link_flags = ['-Wl,--no-as-needed'] + thnvrtc_link_flags
    THNVRTC = Extension("torch._nvrtc",
                        libraries=['nvrtc', 'cuda'],
                        sources=['torch/csrc/nvrtc.cpp'],
                        language='c++',
                        include_dirs=include_dirs,
                        library_dirs=library_dirs + [cuda_lib_path + '/stubs'],
                        extra_link_args=thnvrtc_link_flags,
                        )
    extensions.append(THNVRTC)

    THCUNN = Extension("torch._thnn._THCUNN",
                       sources=['torch/csrc/nn/THCUNN.cpp'],
                       language='c++',
                       extra_compile_args=extra_compile_args,
                       include_dirs=include_dirs,
                       extra_link_args=extra_link_args + [
                           ATEN_LIB,
                           make_relative_rpath('../lib'),
                       ]
                       )
    extensions.append(THCUNN)

version = '0.2.0'
if os.getenv('PYTORCH_BUILD_VERSION'):
    assert os.getenv('PYTORCH_BUILD_NUMBER') is not None
    version = os.getenv('PYTORCH_BUILD_VERSION') \
        + '_' + os.getenv('PYTORCH_BUILD_NUMBER')
else:
    try:
        sha = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], cwd=cwd).decode('ascii').strip()
        version += '+' + sha[:7]
    except Exception:
        pass

cmdclass = {
    'build': build,
    'build_py': build_py,
    'build_ext': build_ext,
    'build_deps': build_deps,
    'build_module': build_module,
    'develop': develop,
    'install': install,
    'clean': clean,
}
cmdclass.update(build_dep_cmds)


setup(name="torch", version=version,
      description="Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration",
      ext_modules=extensions,
      cmdclass=cmdclass,
      packages=packages,
      package_data={'torch': [
          'lib/*.so*', 'lib/*.dylib*',
          'lib/torch_shm_manager',
          'lib/*.h',
          'lib/include/TH/*.h', 'lib/include/TH/generic/*.h',
          'lib/include/THC/*.h', 'lib/include/THC/generic/*.h',
          'lib/include/ATen/*.h',
      ]},
      install_requires=['pyyaml', 'numpy'],
      )