movies.neo4j-browser-guide

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<article class="guide" ng-controller="AdLibDataController">
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        <h3>What is Cypher?</h3>
        <p class="lead">Information</p>
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    <h3>What is Cypher?</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>Cypher is a graph query language that is used to query the Neo4j Database. Just like you use SQL to query a MySQL database,
you would use Cypher to query the Neo4j Database.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A simple Cypher query can look something like this</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This content is only revealed when the user clicks the block title.</p>
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<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie)
WHERE m.released &gt; 2000
RETURN m LIMIT 5<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background: #5CA6D9EE; padding: 12px; color: white; border-radius: 2px">
Hint: You can click on the query above to populate it in the editor.
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Expected Result</strong>: The above query will return all the movies that were released after the year 2000 limiting the result to 5 items.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://guides.neo4j.com/sandbox/movies/img/5-movies.svg" alt="5 movies" width="100%">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Write a query to retrieve all the movies released after the year 2005.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie)
WHERE m.released &gt; 2005
RETURN m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Write a query to return the count of movies released after the year 2005. (Hint: you can use the <code>COUNT(m)</code> function to return the count)</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie)
WHERE m.released &gt; 2005
RETURN count(m)<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
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    <h3>Nodes and Relationships</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>Nodes and Relationships are the basic building blocks of a graph database.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Nodes</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Nodes represent entities. A node in graph database is similar to a row in a relational database.
In the picture below we can see 2 kinds of nodes - <code>Person</code> and <code>Movie</code>. In writing a Cypher query, a node is enclosed between a</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>parenthesis — like <code>(p:Person)</code> where <code>p</code> is a variable and <code>Person</code> is the type of node it is referring to.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://guides.neo4j.com/sandbox/movies/img/schema.svg" alt="schema" width="100%">
</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Relationship</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two nodes can be connected with a relationship. In the above image <code>ACTED_IN</code>, <code>REVIEWED</code>, <code>PRODUCED</code>, <code>WROTE</code> and <code>DIRECTED</code> are all
relationships connecting the corresponding types of nodes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In writing a cypher query, relationships are enclosed in square brackets - like <code>[w:WORKS_FOR]</code> where <code>w</code> is a variable and <code>WORKS_FOR</code> is
the type of relationship it is referring to.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two nodes can be connected with more than one relationships.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)-[d:DIRECTED]-(m:Movie)
WHERE m.released &gt; 2010
RETURN p,d,m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background: #5CA6D9EE; padding: 12px; color: white; border-radius: 2px">
Hint: You can click on the query above to populate it in the editor.
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Expected Result</strong>: The above query will return all Person nodes who directed a movie that was released after 2010.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://guides.neo4j.com/sandbox/movies/img/movies-after-2010.svg" alt="movies after 2010" width="100%">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Query to get all the people who acted in a movie that was released after 2010.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]-(m:Movie)
WHERE m.released &gt; 2010
RETURN p,r,m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
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    <h3>Labels</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>Labels is a name or identifier of a Node or a Relationship. In the image below <code>Movie</code> and <code>Person</code> are Node labels and <code>ACTED_IN</code>, <code>REVIEWED</code>, etc are Relationship types.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://guides.neo4j.com/sandbox/movies/img/schema.svg" alt="schema" width="100%">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In writing a Cypher query, Labels are prefixed with a colon - like <code>:Person</code> or <code>:ACTED_IN</code>. You can assign the node label to a variable by prefixing the syntax with the variable name. Like <code>(p:Person)</code> means <code>p</code> variable denoted <code>Person</code> labeled nodes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Labels are used when you want to perform operations only on a specific types of Nodes. Like</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)
RETURN p
LIMIT 20<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>will return only <code>Person</code> Nodes (limiting to 20 items) while</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (n)
RETURN n
LIMIT 20<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>will return all kinds of nodes (limiting to 20 items).</p>
</div>
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    <h3>Properties</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>Properties are name-value pairs that are used to add attributes to nodes and relationships.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To return specific properties of a node you can write</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie)
RETURN m.title, m.released<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://guides.neo4j.com/sandbox/movies/img/movies-properties.jpg" alt="movies properties" width="100%">
</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Expected Result</strong> - This will return Movie nodes but with only the <code>title</code> and <code>released</code> properties.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Write a query to get <code>name</code> and <code>born</code> properties of the Person node.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)
RETURN p.name, p.born<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
	</div>
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    <h3>Create a Node</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p><code>CREATE</code> clause can be used to create a new node or a relationship.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->CREATE (p:Person {name: 'John Doe'})
RETURN p<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The above statement will create a new <code>Person</code> node with property <code>name</code> having value <code>John Doe</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Create a new <code>Person</code> node with a property <code>name</code> having the value of your name.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->CREATE (p:Person {name: '&lt;Your Name&gt;'})
RETURN p<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
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    <h3>Finding Nodes with <strong>Match</strong> and <strong>Where</strong> Clause</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p><code>Match</code> clause is used to find nodes that match a particular pattern. This is the primary way of getting data from a Neo4j database.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In most cases, a <code>Match</code> is used along with certain conditions to narrow down the result.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person {name: 'Tom Hanks'})
RETURN p<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is one way of doing it. Although you can only do basic string match based filtering this way (without using <code>WHERE</code> clause).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Another way would be to use a <code>WHERE</code> clause which allows for more complex filtering including <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, <code>STARTS WITH</code>, <code>ENDS WITH</code>, etc</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)
WHERE p.name = "Tom Hanks"
RETURN p<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Both of the above queries will return the same results.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can read more about Where clause and list of all filters here - <a href="https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-manual/current/clauses/where/" class="bare">https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-manual/current/clauses/where/</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Find the movie with title "Cloud Atlas"</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie {title: "Cloud Atlas"})
RETURN m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Get all the movies that were released between 2010 and 2015.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie)
WHERE m.released &gt; 2010 AND m.released &lt; 2015
RETURN m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
	</div>
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</slide>



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    <h3>Merge Clause</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>MERGE</code> clause is used to either</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>match the existing nodes and bind them or</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>create new node(s) and bind them</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It is a combination of <code>MATCH</code> and <code>CREATE</code> and additionally allows to specify additional actions if the data was matched or created.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MERGE (p:Person {name: 'John Doe'})
ON CREATE SET p.createdAt = timestamp()
ON MATCH SET p.lastLoggedInAt = timestamp()
RETURN p<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The above statement will create the Person node if it does not exist. If the node already exists, then it will set the property <code>lastLoggedInAt</code> to the current timestamp. If the node did not exist and was newly created instead, then it will set the <code>createdAt</code> property to the current timestamp.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Write a query using Merge to create a movie node with title "Greyhound". If the node does not exist then set its <code>released</code> property to 2020 and <code>lastUpdatedAt</code> property to the current time stamp. If the node already exists, then only set <code>lastUpdatedAt</code> to the current time stamp. Return the movie node.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MERGE (m:Movie {title: 'Greyhound'})
ON CREATE SET m.released = "2020", m.lastUpdatedAt = timestamp()
ON MATCH SET m.lastUpdatedAt = timestamp()
RETURN m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
	</div>
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</slide>



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    <h3>Create a Relationship</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>A Relationship connects 2 nodes.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person), (m:Movie)
WHERE p.name = "Tom Hanks" AND m.title = "Cloud Atlas"

CREATE (p)-[w:WATCHED]-&gt;(m)
RETURN type(w)<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The above statement will create a relationship <code>:WATCHED</code> between the existing <code>Person</code> and <code>Movie</code> nodes and return the type of relationship (i.e <code>WATCHED</code>).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Create a relationship <code>:WATCHED</code> between the node you created for yourself previously in step 6 and the movie <strong>Cloud Atlas</strong> and then return the type of created relationship</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person), (m:Movie)
WHERE p.name = "&lt;Your Name&gt;" AND m.title = "Cloud Atlas"

CREATE (p)-[w:WATCHED]-&gt;(m)
RETURN type(w)<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
	</div>
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    <h3>Relationship Types</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>In Neo4j, there can be 2 kinds of relationships - <strong>incoming</strong> and <strong>outgoing</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://guides.neo4j.com/sandbox/movies/img/relationship-types.svg" alt="relationship types" width="400">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the above picture, the Tom Hanks node is said to have an outgoing relationship while the Cloud Atlas node is said to have an incoming relationship.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Relationships always have a direction. However, you only have to pay attention to the direction where it is useful.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To denote an outgoing or an incoming relationship in cypher, we use <code>&#8594;</code> or <code>&#8592;</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example -</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]-&gt;(m:Movie)
RETURN p,r,m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the above query, Person has an outgoing relationship and movie has an incoming relationship.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Although, in the case of the movies dataset, the direction of the relationship is not that important and
even without denoting the direction in the query, it will return the same result. So the query</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]-(m:Movie)
RETURN p,r,m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>will return the same reuslt as the above one.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Try</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Write a query to find the nodes <code>Person</code> and <code>Movie</code> which are connected by <code>REVIEWED</code> relationship and is outgoing from the <code>Person</code> node and incoming to the <code>Movie</code> node.</p>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)-[r:REVIEWED]-(m:Movie)
RETURN p,r,m<!--/code--></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
	</div>
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</slide>



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  <div class="col-sm-12">
    <h3>Advanced Cypher queries</h3>
    <br/>
    <div>
      <div class="paragraph">
<p>Let&#8217;s look at some questions that you can answer with Cypher queries.</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p><strong>Finding who directed Cloud Atlas movie</strong></p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (m:Movie {title: 'Cloud Atlas'})&lt;-[d:DIRECTED]-(p:Person)
RETURN p.name<!--/code--></pre>
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<p><strong>Finding all people who have co-acted with Tom Hanks in any movie</strong></p>
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<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (tom:Person {name: "Tom Hanks"})-[:ACTED_IN]-&gt;(:Movie)&lt;-[:ACTED_IN]-(p:Person)
RETURN p.name<!--/code--></pre>
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<p><strong>Finding all people related to the movie Cloud Atlas in any way</strong></p>
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<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person)-[relatedTo]-(m:Movie {title: "Cloud Atlas"})
RETURN p.name, type(relatedTo)<!--/code--></pre>
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<p>In the above query, we only used the variable <code>relatedTo</code> which will try to find all the relationships between any <code>Person</code> node and the movie node "Cloud Atlas"</p>
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<p>Finding Movies and Actors that are 3 hops away from Kevin Bacon.</p>
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<pre mode="cypher"  class="highlight pre-scrollable programlisting cm-s-neo code runnable standalone-example ng-binding" data-lang="cypher" lang="cypher"><!--code class="cypher language-cypher"-->MATCH (p:Person {name: 'Kevin Bacon'})-[*1..3]-(hollywood)
RETURN DISTINCT p, hollywood<!--/code--></pre>
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<p>Note: in the above query, <code>hollywood</code> refers to any node in the database (in this case <code>Person</code> and <code>Movie</code> nodes)</p>
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    <h3>Great Job!</h3>
    <br/>
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      <div class="paragraph">
<p>Now you know the basics of writing Cypher queries. You are on your way to becoming a graphista! Congratulations.</p>
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<p>Feel free to play around with the data by writing more Cypher queries. If you want to learn more about Cypher,</p>
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<p>you can use one of the below resources</p>
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<li>
<p><a href="https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-manual/">Cypher Manual</a> - detailed manual on Cypher syntax</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://graphacademy.neo4j.com/">Online Training - Introduction to Neo4j</a> - If you are new to Neo4j and like to learn through an online class, this is the best place to get started.</p>
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</ol>
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