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pathlib.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Using the pathlib module — Practice and theory of brain imaging</title>
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<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html">
Practice and theory of brain imaging
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">The neuroimaging problem</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="the_problem.html">The problem and the plan</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">The tools</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="to_code.html">Ode to code</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="surviving_computers.html">Surviving the computer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="the_software.html">Our tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="using_jupyter.html">Using Jupyter notebooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="more_on_jupyter.html">More on the Jupyter notebook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="brisk_python.html">Brisk introduction to Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installation.html">Installing on your computer</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Images and code and images</span></p>
<ul class="current nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1 current active"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib</span></code> module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="what_is_an_image.html">What is an image?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="numpy_intro.html">Introduction to Numpy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="boolean_arrays.html">Boolean arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reshape_and_2d.html">Two-dimensions, reshaping</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="arrays_and_images.html">Arrays as images, images as arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="arrays_3d.html">Three-dimensional arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="images_3d.html">Three-dimensional images, NIfTI</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reshape_and_3d.html">Reshaping and three-dimensional arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="boolean_indexing.html">Indexing with Boolean arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="boolean_indexing_nd.html">Boolean indexing with more than one dimension</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="intro_to_4d.html">Working with four dimensional images, masks and functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reshape_and_4d.html">Reshaping, 4D to 2D</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="voxels_by_time.html">Voxels and time</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Working reproducibly</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="on_modules.html">Modules and scripts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sys_path.html">Where does Python look for modules?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="assert.html">Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">assert</span></code> for testing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="coding_style.html">Python coding style</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="docstrings.html">Docstrings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="module_directories.html">Module directories</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="on_testing.html">On testing</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Detecting activation</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="voxel_time_courses.html">Correlating with voxel time courses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="on_convolution.html">Convolution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="convolution_background.html">Convolving with the hemodyamic response function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="on_regression.html">Introducing regression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="regress_one_voxel.html">Regression for a single voxel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="regression_notation.html">Notation for regression models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="glm_intro.html">Introduction to the general linear model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mean_test_example.html">A worked example of the general linear model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="model_one_voxel.html">Modeling a single voxel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="multi_multiply.html">Estimation for many voxels at the same time</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hypothesis_tests.html">Hypothesis testing with the general linear model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="test_one_voxel.html">Testing a single voxel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="non_tr_onsets.html">Using onsets that do not start on a TR</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="whole_image_statistics.html">Whole-brain t tests and p values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bonferroni_correction.html">Notes on the Bonferroni threshold</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Spatial processing</span></p>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="slice_timing.html">Slice timing correction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="optimizing_space.html">Calculating transformations between images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="diagonal_zooms.html">Encoding zooms (scaling) with a diagonal matrix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="nibabel_affines.html">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nibabel.affines</span></code> module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="nibabel_apply_affine.html">Applying coordinate transforms with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nibabel.affines.apply_affine</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="map_coordinates.html">General resampling between images with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.ndimage.map_coordinates</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="image_header_and_affine.html">The image header and affine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="images_and_affines.html">Images and affines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="rotation_2d_3d.html">Rotations and rotation matrices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="resampling_with_ndimage.html">Resampling with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.ndimage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dipy_registration.html">Registration with dipy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="anterior_cingulate.html">Anterior cingulate</a></li>
</ul>
<p aria-level="2" class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Notes on arrays and plots</span></p>
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<h1>Using the pathlib module</h1>
<!-- Table of contents -->
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<h2> Contents </h2>
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<ul class="visible nav section-nav flex-column">
<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#listing-files-in-a-directory">Listing files in a directory</a><ul class="nav section-nav flex-column">
<li class="toc-h3 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#selecting-files-with-glob">Selecting files with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toc-h3 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#list-around-the-output-of-glob"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> around the output of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code></a></li>
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<section class="tex2jax_ignore mathjax_ignore" id="using-the-pathlib-module">
<h1>Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib</span></code> module<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-pathlib-module" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib</span></code> module is one of two ways of manipulating and using file paths in
Python. See the <a class="reference internal" href="path_manipulation.html"><span class="doc std std-doc">path manipulation</span></a> page for more
discussion, and <a class="reference internal" href="os_path.html"><span class="doc std std-doc">os.path</span></a> page for a tutorial on an alternative
approach.</p>
<p>The primary documentation for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib</span></code> is
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html">https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html</a>.</p>
<p>The standard way to use the Pathlib module is to import the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> class from the module:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pathlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Path</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>In Jupyter or IPython, you can tab complete on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> to list the methods (functions) and attributes attached to it.</p>
<p>An object (value) of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> represents a pathname. As you <a class="reference internal" href="path_manipulation.html"><span class="doc std std-doc">remember
</span></a>, a pathname is a string that identifies a
particular file or directory on a computer filesystem.</p>
<p>Let us start by making a default object from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> class, like this:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">p</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('.')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>By default, the path object, here <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p</span></code>, refers to our current working directory, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> for short. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> is a <em>relative path</em>, meaning that we specify where we are relative to our current directory. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> means we are exactly in our current directory.</p>
<p>Because the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> is a <em>relative path</em>, it does not tell us where we are in
the filesystem, only where we are relative to the current directory.</p>
<p>Path objects have an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">absolute</span></code> function attached to them. Another way of
saying this is that Path objects have an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">absolute</span></code> <em>method</em>. Calling
this method gives us the <em>absolute</em> location of the path, meaning, the
filesystem position relative to the base location of the disk the file is
on.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">abs_p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">absolute</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">abs_p</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('/home/runner/work/textbook/textbook')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Notice the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> in front of the absolute filename (on Unix), meaning the
base location for all files. You will see a drive location like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C:</span></code> or
similar, at the front of the absolute path, if you are on Windows.</p>
<p>We can always convert the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> object to a simple string, using the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> function. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code> converts anything to a string, if it can:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># The path, as a string</span>
<span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">abs_p</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>'/home/runner/work/textbook/textbook'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Sometimes we want to get a path referring the directory <em>containing</em> a path.
The Path object has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parent</span></code> attribute attached to it (an attribute is data
attached to an object). The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parent</span></code> attribute is a Path object for the
containing directory:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">abs_p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parent</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('/home/runner/work/textbook')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parent</span></code> attribute of the Path object gives the directory name from a
full file path. It works correctly for Unix paths on Unix machines, and
Windows paths on Windows machines.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># On Unix</span>
<span class="n">a_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/a/full/path/then_filename.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Show the directory containing the file.</span>
<span class="n">a_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parent</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('/a/full/path')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parent</span></code> also works for relative paths.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># On Unix</span>
<span class="n">rel_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'relative/path/then_filename.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rel_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parent</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('relative/path')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> attribute of the Path object to get the filename rather
than the directory name:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># On Unix</span>
<span class="n">rel_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>'then_filename.txt'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Sometimes you want to join one or more directory names with a filename to get a
path. Path objects have a clever way of doing this, by <em>overriding</em> the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>
(division) operator.</p>
<p>To remind you about operator overloading, remember that addition means different things for numbers and strings. For numbers, addition means arithmetic addition:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Addition for numbers</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>4
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>For strings, addition means concatenation — sticking the strings together:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Addition for strings.</span>
<span class="s2">"first"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"second"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>'firstsecond'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Path objects use the division operator <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> to mean “stick the path fragments
together to make a new path, where the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> separates directories”.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># On Unix</span>
<span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'relative'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="s1">'path'</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="s1">'then_filename.txt'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('relative/path/then_filename.txt')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This also works on Windows and Unix in the same way.</p>
<p>Sometimes you want to get the filename extension. Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">suffix</span></code> attribute for this:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rel_path</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('relative/path/then_filename.txt')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rel_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">suffix</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>'.txt'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You will often find yourself wanting to replace the file extension. You can do this with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with_suffix</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rel_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">with_suffix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.md'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('relative/path/then_filename.md')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Path objects also have methods that allow you to read and write text characters and raw bytes.</p>
<p>Let us make a new path to point to a file we will write in the current directory.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">new_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="s1">'a_test_file.txt'</span>
<span class="n">new_path</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>PosixPath('a_test_file.txt')
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>We can write text characters (strings) to this file, with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write_text</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">a_multiline_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"""Some text.</span>
<span class="s2">More text.</span>
<span class="s2">Last text."""</span>
<span class="n">new_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a_multiline_string</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>32
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>We can read the text out of a file using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read_text</span></code>:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">new_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>'Some text.\nMore text.\nLast text.'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Similarly, we can write and read raw byte data, using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write_bytes</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read_bytes</span></code>.</p>
<p>It is often useful to read in a text file, and split the result into lines. We
do this with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read_text</span></code>, and then we use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitlines</span></code> method of string
object to split the read text into lines.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">new_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitlines</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>['Some text.', 'More text.', 'Last text.']
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section id="listing-files-in-a-directory">
<h2>Listing files in a directory<a class="headerlink" href="#listing-files-in-a-directory" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>We can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code> method of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Path</span></code> object to give a list of all, or
some files in a directory.</p>
<p>For example, to see all files in the current directory, we could do this:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cwd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cwd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[PosixPath('arrays_and_images.Rmd'),
PosixPath('my_image_again.nii'),
PosixPath('packages_namespaces.Rmd'),
PosixPath('coding_style.md'),
PosixPath('saving_images.Rmd'),
PosixPath('mean_test_example.Rmd'),
PosixPath('dot_outer.Rmd'),
PosixPath('slice_timing.Rmd'),
PosixPath('the_software.md'),
PosixPath('git_walk_through.Rmd'),
PosixPath('numpy_transpose.Rmd'),
PosixPath('a_test_file.txt'),
PosixPath('regress_one_voxel.Rmd'),
PosixPath('whole_image_statistics.Rmd'),
PosixPath('git_workflow_exercises.md'),
PosixPath('git_videos.md'),
PosixPath('dipy_registration.py'),
PosixPath('truthiness.Rmd'),
PosixPath('validating_data.Rmd'),
PosixPath('list_comprehensions.Rmd'),
PosixPath('my_script.py'),
PosixPath('printing_floating.Rmd'),
PosixPath('rotation_2d_3d.md'),
PosixPath('classes.md'),
PosixPath('numpy_logical.Rmd'),
PosixPath('my_pair_image.img'),
PosixPath('test_one_voxel.Rmd'),
PosixPath('nibabel_apply_affine.Rmd'),
PosixPath('github_pca_homework.md'),
PosixPath('logistics.md'),
PosixPath('plot_lines.Rmd'),
PosixPath('participate.md'),
PosixPath('mymodule.py'),
PosixPath('reading_text.Rmd'),
PosixPath('test_rdmodule.py'),
PosixPath('convolution_background.Rmd'),
PosixPath('participate_grading.md'),
PosixPath('on_loops.Rmd'),
PosixPath('voxels_by_time.Rmd'),
PosixPath('data'),
PosixPath('arange.Rmd'),
PosixPath('my_image.nii'),
PosixPath('numpy_meshgrid.Rmd'),
PosixPath('boolean_indexing_nd.Rmd'),
PosixPath('subtract_mean_math.md'),
PosixPath('keyword_arguments.Rmd'),
PosixPath('multi_multiply.Rmd'),
PosixPath('CNAME'),
PosixPath('os_path.Rmd'),
PosixPath('model_one_voxel.Rmd'),
PosixPath('_todo.md'),
PosixPath('path_manipulation.Rmd'),
PosixPath('reshape_and_4d.Rmd'),
PosixPath('_toc.yml'),
PosixPath('numpy_squeeze.Rmd'),
PosixPath('installation_on_mac.md'),
PosixPath('Makefile'),
PosixPath('convolution_matrices.Rmd'),
PosixPath('slicing_with_booleans.Rmd'),
PosixPath('rdmodule.py'),
PosixPath('using_jupyter.Rmd'),
PosixPath('why_mse_correlation.Rmd'),
PosixPath('more_on_jupyter.Rmd'),
PosixPath('reshape_and_3d.Rmd'),
PosixPath('nibabel_affines.Rmd'),
PosixPath('subtract_means.Rmd'),
PosixPath('_build'),
PosixPath('syllabus.md'),
PosixPath('hypothesis_tests.Rmd'),
PosixPath('nans.Rmd'),
PosixPath('string_literals.Rmd'),
PosixPath('numpy_random.Rmd'),
PosixPath('otsu_threshold.Rmd'),
PosixPath('subplots.Rmd'),
PosixPath('rotations.py'),
PosixPath('allclose.Rmd'),
PosixPath('to_code.md'),
PosixPath('images_3d.Rmd'),
PosixPath('glm_intro.Rmd'),
PosixPath('_config.yml'),
PosixPath('.gitignore'),
PosixPath('dot_and_outer.md'),
PosixPath('images'),
PosixPath('brisk_python.Rmd'),
PosixPath('another_example.py'),
PosixPath('pathlib.Rmd'),
PosixPath('anterior_cingulate.md'),
PosixPath('non_tr_onsets.Rmd'),
PosixPath('intro_to_4d.Rmd'),
PosixPath('sequence_unpacking.Rmd'),
PosixPath('map_coordinates.Rmd'),
PosixPath('comparing_arrays.Rmd'),
PosixPath('installation_on_linux.md'),
PosixPath('newaxis.Rmd'),
PosixPath('floating_in_text.Rmd'),
PosixPath('project_grading.md'),
PosixPath('bonferroni_correction.Rmd'),
PosixPath('example_module.py'),
PosixPath('methods_vs_functions.Rmd'),
PosixPath('ds114_sub009_t2r1_conv.txt'),
PosixPath('example_data.md'),
PosixPath('bib'),
PosixPath('on_modules.Rmd'),
PosixPath('images_and_memory.Rmd'),
PosixPath('.github'),
PosixPath('reshape_and_2d.Rmd'),
PosixPath('.git'),
PosixPath('regression_notation.Rmd'),
PosixPath('assert.Rmd'),
PosixPath('numpy_intro.Rmd'),
PosixPath('dunders.Rmd'),
PosixPath('matrix_rank.Rmd'),
PosixPath('choosing_editor.md'),
PosixPath('nibabel_images.Rmd'),
PosixPath('nipype_settings.py'),
PosixPath('string_formatting.Rmd'),
PosixPath('diag_inverse.md'),
PosixPath('projects.md'),
PosixPath('on_testing.Rmd'),
PosixPath('introducing_nipype.Rmd'),
PosixPath('validate_against_scipy.Rmd'),
PosixPath('dipy_registration.Rmd'),
PosixPath('_scripts'),
PosixPath('diagonal_zooms.Rmd'),