lib: support ranges in validateInt32()

This commit adds minimum and maximum value checks to the
validateInt32() validator.

PR-URL: #20588
Fixes: #20498
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Weijia Wang <starkwang@126.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>

Backport-PR-URL: #21172

lib/internal/validators.js

@@ -63,18 +63,22 @@ function validateInteger(value, name) {
 }
 
 function validateInt32(value, name, min = -2147483648, max = 2147483647) {
+  // The defaults for min and max correspond to the limits of 32-bit integers.
   if (!isInt32(value)) {
     let err;
     if (typeof value !== 'number') {
       err = new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(name, 'number', value);
     } else if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
       err = new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, 'an integer', value);
     } else {
-      // 2 ** 31 === 2147483648
-      err = new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, '> -2147483649 && < 2147483648', value);
+      err = new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, `>= ${min} && <= ${max}`, value);
     }
     Error.captureStackTrace(err, validateInt32);
     throw err;
+  } else if (value < min || value > max) {
+    const err = new ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(name, `>= ${min} && <= ${max}`, value);
+    Error.captureStackTrace(err, validateInt32);
+    throw err;
   }
 }