go/common/keyformat: Add support for hashed key elements

[kostko]

Add support for hashed key elements and hash some of the key elements.

Staking state is omitted as it will not be needed once we do #2928 (as all account identifiers will already be hashed then).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2929 into master will increase coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 71.90%.

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           master    #2929    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   68.46%   68.47%            
========================================
  Files         360      361     +1     
  Lines       34947    35086   +139     
========================================
+ Hits        23926    24024    +98     
- Misses       7941     7967    +26     
- Partials     3080     3095    +15     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
go/consensus/tendermint/abci/mux.go	69.97% <ø> (-1.39%)	⬇️
go/storage/mkvs/db/api/api.go	60.46% <ø> (ø)
go/storage/database/database.go	70.58% <11.11%> (-4.87%)	⬇️
go/storage/mkvs/db/badger/badger.go	70.24% <25.00%> (-0.81%)	⬇️
go/consensus/tendermint/abci/state.go	68.00% <44.82%> (-1.24%)	⬇️
.../consensus/tendermint/apps/epochtime_mock/query.go	81.81% <50.00%> (-18.19%)	⬇️
go/runtime/host/protocol/connection.go	61.53% <60.00%> (-0.56%)	⬇️
go/consensus/tendermint/abci/timer.go	67.00% <66.66%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
...consensus/tendermint/apps/scheduler/state/state.go	71.15% <71.42%> (ø)
go/common/keyformat/key_format.go	75.65% <73.84%> (+1.11%)	⬆️
... and 52 more

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