go/worker/storage: Handle state sync before runtime is operational

[kostko]

Previously there was an edge case that was not handled when the runtime was
registered in the consensus layer but not yet operational (e.g., there have been
no normal blocks yet). If a new node used state sync to quickly catch up with
the consensus layer and sync to a height after runtime's genesis, the node would
never register as it would keep waiting for storage checkpoints (which wouldn't
exist yet).

TODO

• Add e2e test if possible.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #4311 (23039a5) into master (1c2afad) will decrease coverage by 0.07%.
The diff coverage is 29.33%.

❗ Current head 23039a5 differs from pull request most recent head 0f7ccd3. Consider uploading reports for the commit 0f7ccd3 to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4311      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   68.59%   68.51%   -0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         411      411              
  Lines       47271    47346      +75     
==========================================
+ Hits        32424    32441      +17     
- Misses      10805    10862      +57     
- Partials     4042     4043       +1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
go/worker/storage/committee/node.go	72.91% <13.72%> (-4.15%)	⬇️
go/runtime/history/history.go	66.66% <33.33%> (-2.44%)	⬇️
go/runtime/history/db.go	81.57% <80.00%> (-0.18%)	⬇️
go/worker/storage/service_external.go	55.95% <0.00%> (-4.77%)	⬇️
go/storage/api/root_cache.go	75.00% <0.00%> (-4.17%)	⬇️
go/consensus/tendermint/apps/beacon/beacon.go	73.77% <0.00%> (-3.28%)	⬇️
go/consensus/tendermint/apps/beacon/state/state.go	72.97% <0.00%> (-2.71%)	⬇️
go/worker/keymanager/worker.go	63.58% <0.00%> (-2.57%)	⬇️
go/consensus/tendermint/full/full.go	64.92% <0.00%> (-1.78%)	⬇️
go/oasis-node/cmd/node/node.go	55.69% <0.00%> (-1.70%)	⬇️
... and 17 more

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