runtime: Propagate panics during transaction/local RPC/policy dispatch

[kostko]

A panic during transaction/local RPC/policy dispatch signals a serious problem
so it should be propagated and the runtime should crash to force state reset.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #4386 (8fc7e21) into master (9816de7) will decrease coverage by 0.37%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4386      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   69.01%   68.64%   -0.38%     
==========================================
  Files         411      411              
  Lines       47437    47437              
==========================================
- Hits        32740    32564     -176     
- Misses      10651    10836     +185     
+ Partials     4046     4037       -9     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
go/ias/http/http.go	20.33% <0.00%> (-44.07%)	⬇️
go/keymanager/api/policy_sgx.go	33.33% <0.00%> (-13.34%)	⬇️
go/storage/api/context.go	87.87% <0.00%> (-12.13%)	⬇️
go/storage/api/root_cache.go	75.00% <0.00%> (-8.34%)	⬇️
go/consensus/tendermint/abci/state/state.go	61.53% <0.00%> (-7.70%)	⬇️
go/oasis-node/cmd/ias/auth.go	68.96% <0.00%> (-6.90%)	⬇️
go/common/grpc/policy/policy.go	64.38% <0.00%> (-6.85%)	⬇️
go/runtime/host/sandbox/sandbox.go	71.06% <0.00%> (-6.60%)	⬇️
go/common/sgx/aesm/aesm.go	63.63% <0.00%> (-6.37%)	⬇️
go/storage/api/mux.go	56.34% <0.00%> (-6.35%)	⬇️
... and 39 more

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