batInt32.mli

(* 
 * ExtInt32 - Extended 32-bit integers
 * Copyright (C) 1996 Xavier Leroy 
 *               2007 Bluestorm <bluestorm dot dylc on-the-server gmail dot com>
 *               2008 David Teller
 * 
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version,
 * with the special exception on linking described in file LICENSE.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *)

(** 32-bit integers.

    This module provides operations on the type [int32]
    of signed 32-bit integers.  Unlike the built-in [int] type,
    the type [int32] is guaranteed to be exactly 32-bit wide on all
    platforms.  All arithmetic operations over [int32] are taken
    modulo 2{^32}.

    Any integer literal followed by [l] is taken to be an [int32].
    For instance, [1l] is {!Int32.one}.
    
    Performance notice: values of type [int32] occupy more memory
    space than values of type [int], and arithmetic operations on
    [int32] are generally slower than those on [int].  Use [int32]
    only when the application requires exact 32-bit arithmetic. 
    
    
    This module extends Stdlib's
    {{:http://caml.inria.fr/pub/docs/manual-ocaml/libref/Int32.html}Int32}
    module, go there for documentation on the rest of the functions
    and types.
    
    @author Xavier Leroy (base module)
    @author Gabriel Scherer
    @author David Teller
*)
    type t = int32

    val zero : int32
      (** The 32-bit integer 0. *)
      
    val one : int32
      (** The 32-bit integer 1. *)

    val minus_one : int32
      (** The 32-bit integer -1. *)

    external neg : int32 -> int32 = "%int32_neg"
      (** Unary negation. *)

    external add : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_add"
      (** Addition. *)

    external sub : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_sub"
      (** Subtraction. *)

    external mul : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_mul"
      (** Multiplication. *)

    external div : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_div"
      (** Integer division.  Raise [Division_by_zero] if the second
	  argument is zero.  This division rounds the real quotient of
	  its arguments towards zero, as specified for {!Pervasives.(/)}. *)
      
    external rem : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_mod"
      (** Integer remainder.  If [y] is not zero, the result
	  of [Int32.rem x y] satisfies the following property:
	  [x = Int32.add (Int32.mul (Int32.div x y) y) (Int32.rem x y)].
	  If [y = 0], [Int32.rem x y] raises [Division_by_zero]. *)
      

    val modulo : int32 -> int32 -> int32
    val pow  : int32 -> int32 -> int32
    val min_num : int32
    val max_num : int32

    val succ : int32 -> int32
      (** Successor.  [Int32.succ x] is [Int32.add x Int32.one]. *)
      
    val pred : int32 -> int32
      (** Predecessor.  [Int32.pred x] is [Int32.sub x Int32.one]. *)
      
    val abs : int32 -> int32
      (** Return the absolute value of its argument. *)
      
    val max_int : int32
      (** The greatest representable 32-bit integer, 2{^31} - 1. *)
      
    val min_int : int32
      (** The smallest representable 32-bit integer, -2{^31}. *)
      
      
    external logand : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_and"
      (** Bitwise logical and. *)
      
    external logor : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_or"
      (** Bitwise logical or. *)
      
    external logxor : int32 -> int32 -> int32 = "%int32_xor"
      (** Bitwise logical exclusive or. *)
      
    val lognot : int32 -> int32
      (** Bitwise logical negation *)
      
    external shift_left : int32 -> int -> int32 = "%int32_lsl"
      (** [Int32.shift_left x y] shifts [x] to the left by [y] bits.
	  The result is unspecified if [y < 0] or [y >= 32]. *)
      
    external shift_right : int32 -> int -> int32 = "%int32_asr"
      (** [Int32.shift_right x y] shifts [x] to the right by [y] bits.
	  This is an arithmetic shift: the sign bit of [x] is replicated
	  and inserted in the vacated bits.
	  The result is unspecified if [y < 0] or [y >= 32]. *)
      
    external shift_right_logical : int32 -> int -> int32 = "%int32_lsr"
      (** [Int32.shift_right_logical x y] shifts [x] to the right by [y] bits.
	  This is a logical shift: zeroes are inserted in the vacated bits
	  regardless of the sign of [x].
	  The result is unspecified if [y < 0] or [y >= 32]. *)

    val ( -- ) : t -> t -> t BatEnum.t
      (** Enumerate an interval.
	  
	  [5l -- 10l] is the enumeration 5l,6l,7l,8l,9l,10l.
	  [10l -- 5l] is the empty enumeration*)

    val ( --- ) : t -> t -> t BatEnum.t
      (** Enumerate an interval.
	  
	  [5l -- 10l] is the enumeration 5l,6l,7l,8l,9l,10l.
	  [10l -- 5l] is the enumeration 10l,9l,8l,7l,6l,5l.*)
      
    external of_int : int -> int32 = "%int32_of_int"
      (** Convert the given integer (type [int]) to a 32-bit integer
	  (type [int32]). *)
      
    external to_int : int32 -> int = "%int32_to_int"
      (** Convert the given 32-bit integer (type [int32]) to an
	  integer (type [int]).  On 32-bit platforms, the 32-bit integer
	  is taken modulo 2{^31}, i.e. the high-order bit is lost
	  during the conversion.  On 64-bit platforms, the conversion
	  is exact. *)
      
    external of_float : float -> int32 = "caml_int32_of_float"
      (** Convert the given floating-point number to a 32-bit integer,
	  discarding the fractional part (truncate towards 0).
	  The result of the conversion is undefined if, after truncation,
	  the number is outside the range \[{!Int32.min_int}, {!Int32.max_int}\]. *)
      
    external to_float : int32 -> float = "caml_int32_to_float"
      (** Convert the given 32-bit integer to a floating-point number. *)
      
    external of_int64 : int64 -> int32 = "%int64_to_int32"
      (** Convert the given 64-bit integer (type [int64]) to a
         32-bit integer (type [int32]). The 64-bit integer
         is taken modulo 2{^32}, i.e. the top 32 bits are lost
         during the conversion.  *)

    external to_int64 : int32 -> int64 = "%int64_of_int32"
      (** Convert the given 32-bit integer (type [int32])
         to a 64-bit integer (type [int64]). *)

    external of_nativeint : nativeint -> int32 = "%int32_of_nativeint"
      (** Convert the given native integer (type [nativeint])
         to a 32-bit integer (type [int32]). On 64-bits platform
         the top 32 bits are lost. *)

    external to_nativeint : int32 -> nativeint = "%int32_to_nativeint"
      (** Convert the given 32-bit integer (type [int32]) to a
         native integer. *)

    external of_string : string -> int32 = "caml_int32_of_string"
      (** Convert the given string to a 32-bit integer.
	  The string is read in decimal (by default) or in hexadecimal,
	  octal or binary if the string begins with [0x], [0o] or [0b]
	  respectively.
	  Raise [Failure "int_of_string"] if the given string is not
	  a valid representation of an integer, or if the integer represented
	  exceeds the range of integers representable in type [int32]. *)
      
    val to_string : int32 -> string
      (** Return the string representation of its argument, in signed decimal. *)
      
    external bits_of_float : float -> int32 = "caml_int32_bits_of_float"
      (** Return the internal representation of the given float according
	  to the IEEE 754 floating-point ``single format'' bit layout.
	  Bit 31 of the result represents the sign of the float;
	  bits 30 to 23 represent the (biased) exponent; bits 22 to 0
	  represent the mantissa. *)
      
    external float_of_bits : int32 -> float = "caml_int32_float_of_bits"
      (** Return the floating-point number whose internal representation,
	  according to the IEEE 754 floating-point ``single format'' bit layout,
	  is the given [int32]. *)

    val of_byte : char -> int32
    val to_byte : int32 -> char

    val pack : string -> int -> int32 -> unit
      (** [pack str off i] writes the little endian bit representation
	  of [i] into string [str] at offset [off] *)

    val pack_big : string -> int -> int32 -> unit
      (** [pack_big str off i] writes the big endian bit
	  representation of [i] into string [str] at offset [off] *)

    val unpack : string -> int -> int32
      (** [unpack str off] reads 4 bytes from string [str] starting at
	  offset [off] as a little-endian int32 *)

    val unpack_big : string -> int -> int32
      (** [unpack str off] reads 4 bytes from string [str] starting at
	  offset [off] as a big-endian int32 *)
      
    val compare: t -> t -> int
      (** The comparison function for 32-bit integers, with the same specification as
	  {!Pervasives.compare}.  Along with the type [t], this function [compare]
	  allows the module [Int32] to be passed as argument to the functors
	  {!Set.Make} and {!Map.Make}. *)
      
    (**/**)
      
    (** {6 Deprecated functions} *)
      
    external format : string -> int32 -> string = "caml_int32_format"
      (** [Int32.format fmt n] return the string representation of the
	  32-bit integer [n] in the format specified by [fmt].
	  [fmt] is a [Printf]-style format consisting of exactly
	  one [%d], [%i], [%u], [%x], [%X] or [%o] conversion specification.
	  This function is deprecated; use {!Printf.sprintf} with a [%lx] format
	  instead. *)

    val ( + ) : t -> t -> t
    val ( - ) : t -> t -> t
    val ( * ) : t -> t -> t
    val ( / ) : t -> t -> t
    val ( ** ) : t -> t -> t
    val ( <> ) : t -> t -> bool
    val ( >= ) : t -> t -> bool
    val ( <= ) : t -> t -> bool
    val ( > ) : t -> t -> bool
    val ( < ) : t -> t -> bool
    val ( = ) : t -> t -> bool
    val operations : t BatNumber.numeric

    (** {6 Submodules grouping all infix operators} *)

    module Infix : BatNumber.Infix with type bat__infix_t = t
    module Compare : BatNumber.Compare with type bat__compare_t = t


    (** {6 Boilerplate code}*)

    (** {7 Printing}*)
    val print: 'a BatInnerIO.output -> t -> unit
    val t_printer : t BatValue_printer.t