printtyp.ml

(**************************************************************************)
(*                                                                        *)
(*                                 OCaml                                  *)
(*                                                                        *)
(*  Xavier Leroy and Jerome Vouillon, projet Cristal, INRIA Rocquencourt  *)
(*                                                                        *)
(*   Copyright 1996 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et     *)
(*     en Automatique.                                                    *)
(*                                                                        *)
(*   All rights reserved.  This file is distributed under the terms of    *)
(*   the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, with the          *)
(*   special exception on linking described in the file LICENSE.          *)
(*                                                                        *)
(**************************************************************************)

(* Printing functions *)

open Misc
open Ctype
open Format
open Longident
open Path
open Asttypes
open Types
open Btype
open Outcometree

module String = Misc.Stdlib.String

(* Print a long identifier *)

let rec longident ppf = function
  | Lident s -> pp_print_string ppf s
  | Ldot(p, s) -> fprintf ppf "%a.%s" longident p s
  | Lapply(p1, p2) -> fprintf ppf "%a(%a)" longident p1 longident p2

let () = Env.print_longident := longident

(* Print an identifier avoiding name collisions *)

module Out_name = struct
  let create x = { printed_name = x }
  let print x = x.printed_name
  let set out_name x = out_name.printed_name <- x
end

(** Some identifiers may require hiding when printing *)
type bound_ident = { hide:bool; ident:Ident.t }

(* printing environment for path shortening and naming *)
let printing_env = ref Env.empty

(* When printing, it is important to only observe the
   current printing environment, without reading any new
   cmi present on the file system *)
let in_printing_env f = Env.without_cmis f !printing_env

let human_unique n id = Printf.sprintf "%s/%d" (Ident.name id) n

type namespace =
  | Type
  | Module
  | Module_type
  | Class
  | Class_type
  | Other (** Other bypasses the unique name identifier mechanism *)

module Namespace = struct

  let id = function
    | Type -> 0
    | Module -> 1
    | Module_type -> 2
    | Class -> 3
    | Class_type -> 4
    | Other -> 5

  let size = 1 + id Other

  let show =
    function
    | Type -> "type"
    | Module -> "module"
    | Module_type -> "module type"
    | Class -> "class"
    | Class_type -> "class type"
    | Other -> ""

  let pp ppf x = Format.pp_print_string ppf (show x)

  (** The two functions below should never access the filesystem,
      and thus use {!in_printing_env} rather than directly
      accessing the printing environment *)
  let lookup =
    let to_lookup f lid = fst @@ in_printing_env (f (Lident lid)) in
    function
    | Type -> to_lookup Env.find_type_by_name
    | Module -> to_lookup Env.find_module_by_name
    | Module_type -> to_lookup Env.find_modtype_by_name
    | Class -> to_lookup Env.find_class_by_name
    | Class_type -> to_lookup Env.find_cltype_by_name
    | Other -> fun _ -> raise Not_found

  let location namespace id =
    let path = Path.Pident id in
    try Some (
        match namespace with
        | Type -> (in_printing_env @@ Env.find_type path).type_loc
        | Module -> (in_printing_env @@ Env.find_module path).md_loc
        | Module_type -> (in_printing_env @@ Env.find_modtype path).mtd_loc
        | Class -> (in_printing_env @@ Env.find_class path).cty_loc
        | Class_type -> (in_printing_env @@ Env.find_cltype path).clty_loc
        | Other -> Location.none
      ) with Not_found -> None

  let best_class_namespace = function
    | Papply _ | Pdot _ -> Module
    | Pident c ->
        match location Class c with
        | Some _ -> Class
        | None -> Class_type

end

(** {2 Conflicts printing}
    Conflicts arise when multiple items are attributed the same name,
    the following module stores the global conflict references and
    provides the printing functions for explaining the source of
    the conflicts.
*)
module Conflicts = struct
  module M = String.Map
  type explanation =
    { kind: namespace; name:string; root_name:string; location:Location.t}
  let explanations = ref M.empty
  let collect_explanation namespace n id =
    let name = human_unique n id in
    let root_name = Ident.name id in
    if not (M.mem name !explanations) then
      match Namespace.location namespace id with
      | None -> ()
      | Some location ->
          let explanation = { kind = namespace; location; name; root_name } in
          explanations := M.add name explanation !explanations

  let pp_explanation ppf r=
    Format.fprintf ppf "@[<v 2>%a:@,Definition of %s %s@]"
      Location.print_loc r.location (Namespace.show r.kind) r.name

  let print_located_explanations ppf l =
    Format.fprintf ppf "@[<v>%a@]" (Format.pp_print_list pp_explanation) l

  let reset () = explanations := M.empty
  let list_explanations () =
    let c = !explanations in
    reset ();
    c |> M.bindings |> List.map snd |> List.sort Stdlib.compare


  let print_toplevel_hint ppf l =
    let conj ppf () = Format.fprintf ppf " and@ " in
    let pp_namespace_plural ppf n = Format.fprintf ppf "%as" Namespace.pp n in
    let root_names = List.map (fun r -> r.kind, r.root_name) l in
    let unique_root_names = List.sort_uniq Stdlib.compare root_names in
    let submsgs = Array.make Namespace.size [] in
    let () = List.iter (fun (n,_ as x) ->
        submsgs.(Namespace.id n) <- x :: submsgs.(Namespace.id n)
      )  unique_root_names in
    let pp_submsg ppf names =
      match names with
      | [] -> ()
      | [namespace, a] ->
          Format.fprintf ppf
        "@ \
         @[<2>Hint: The %a %s has been defined multiple times@ \
         in@ this@ toplevel@ session.@ \
         Some toplevel values still refer to@ old@ versions@ of@ this@ %a.\
         @ Did you try to redefine them?@]"
        Namespace.pp namespace a Namespace.pp namespace
      | (namespace, _) :: _ :: _ ->
      Format.fprintf ppf
        "@ \
         @[<2>Hint: The %a %a have been defined multiple times@ \
         in@ this@ toplevel@ session.@ \
         Some toplevel values still refer to@ old@ versions@ of@ those@ %a.\
         @ Did you try to redefine them?@]"
        pp_namespace_plural namespace
        Format.(pp_print_list ~pp_sep:conj pp_print_string) (List.map snd names)
        pp_namespace_plural namespace in
    Array.iter (pp_submsg ppf) submsgs

  let print_explanations ppf =
    let ltop, l =
      (* isolate toplevel locations, since they are too imprecise *)
      let from_toplevel a =
        a.location.Location.loc_start.Lexing.pos_fname = "//toplevel//" in
      List.partition from_toplevel (list_explanations ())
    in
    begin match l with
    | [] -> ()
    | l -> Format.fprintf ppf "@,%a" print_located_explanations l
    end;
    (* if there are name collisions in a toplevel session,
       display at least one generic hint by namespace *)
    print_toplevel_hint ppf ltop

  let exists () = M.cardinal !explanations >0
end

module Naming_context = struct

module M = String.Map
module S = String.Set

let enabled = ref true
let enable b = enabled := b

(** Name mapping *)
type mapping =
  | Need_unique_name of int Ident.Map.t
  (** The same name has already been attributed to multiple types.
      The [map] argument contains the specific binding time attributed to each
      types.
  *)
  | Uniquely_associated_to of Ident.t * out_name
    (** For now, the name [Ident.name id] has been attributed to [id],
        [out_name] is used to expand this name if a conflict arises
        at a later point
    *)
  | Associated_to_pervasives of out_name
  (** [Associated_to_pervasives out_name] is used when the item
      [Stdlib.$name] has been associated to the name [$name].
      Upon a conflict, this name will be expanded to ["Stdlib." ^ name ] *)

let hid_start = 0

let add_hid_id id map =
  let new_id = 1 + Ident.Map.fold (fun _ -> Int.max) map hid_start in
  new_id, Ident.Map.add id new_id  map

let find_hid id map =
  try Ident.Map.find id map, map with
  Not_found -> add_hid_id id map

let pervasives name = "Stdlib." ^ name

let map = Array.make Namespace.size M.empty
let get namespace = map.(Namespace.id namespace)
let set namespace x = map.(Namespace.id namespace) <- x

(* Names used in recursive definitions are not considered when determining
   if a name is already attributed in the current environment.
   This is a complementary version of hidden_rec_items used by short-path. *)
let protected = ref S.empty

(* When dealing with functor arguments, identity becomes fuzzy because the same
   syntactic argument may be represented by different identifiers during the
   error processing, we are thus disabling disambiguation on the argument name
*)
let fuzzy = ref S.empty
let with_arg id f =
  protect_refs [ R(fuzzy, S.add (Ident.name id) !fuzzy) ] f
let fuzzy_id namespace id = namespace = Module && S.mem (Ident.name id) !fuzzy

let with_hidden ids f =
  let update m id = S.add (Ident.name id.ident) m in
  protect_refs [ R(protected, List.fold_left update !protected ids)] f

let pervasives_name namespace name =
  if not !enabled then Out_name.create name else
  match M.find name (get namespace) with
  | Associated_to_pervasives r -> r
  | Need_unique_name _ -> Out_name.create (pervasives name)
  | Uniquely_associated_to (id',r) ->
      let hid, map = add_hid_id id' Ident.Map.empty in
      Out_name.set r (human_unique hid id');
      Conflicts.collect_explanation namespace hid id';
      set namespace @@ M.add name (Need_unique_name map) (get namespace);
      Out_name.create (pervasives name)
  | exception Not_found ->
      let r = Out_name.create name in
      set namespace @@ M.add name (Associated_to_pervasives r) (get namespace);
      r

(** Lookup for preexisting named item within the current {!printing_env} *)
let env_ident namespace name =
  if S.mem name !protected then None else
  match Namespace.lookup namespace name with
  | Pident id -> Some id
  | _ -> None
  | exception Not_found -> None

(** Associate a name to the identifier [id] within [namespace] *)
let ident_name_simple namespace id =
  if not !enabled || fuzzy_id namespace id then
    Out_name.create (Ident.name id)
  else
  let name = Ident.name id in
  match M.find name (get namespace) with
  | Uniquely_associated_to (id',r) when Ident.same id id' ->
      r
  | Need_unique_name map ->
      let hid, m = find_hid id map in
      Conflicts.collect_explanation namespace hid id;
      set namespace @@ M.add name (Need_unique_name m) (get namespace);
      Out_name.create (human_unique hid id)
  | Uniquely_associated_to (id',r) ->
      let hid', m = find_hid id' Ident.Map.empty in
      let hid, m = find_hid id m in
      Out_name.set r (human_unique hid' id');
      List.iter (fun (id,hid) -> Conflicts.collect_explanation namespace hid id)
        [id, hid; id', hid' ];
      set namespace @@ M.add name (Need_unique_name m) (get namespace);
      Out_name.create (human_unique hid id)
  | Associated_to_pervasives r ->
      Out_name.set r ("Stdlib." ^ Out_name.print r);
      let hid, m = find_hid id Ident.Map.empty in
      set namespace @@ M.add name (Need_unique_name m) (get namespace);
      Out_name.create (human_unique hid id)
  | exception Not_found ->
      let r = Out_name.create name in
      set namespace
      @@ M.add name (Uniquely_associated_to (id,r) ) (get namespace);
      r

(** Same as {!ident_name_simple} but lookup to existing named identifiers
    in the current {!printing_env} *)
let ident_name namespace id =
  begin match env_ident namespace (Ident.name id) with
  | Some id' -> ignore (ident_name_simple namespace id')
  | None -> ()
  end;
  ident_name_simple namespace id

let reset () =
  Array.iteri ( fun i _ -> map.(i) <- M.empty ) map

let with_ctx f =
  let old = Array.copy map in
  try_finally f
    ~always:(fun () -> Array.blit old 0 map 0 (Array.length map))

end
let ident_name = Naming_context.ident_name
let reset_naming_context = Naming_context.reset

let ident ppf id = pp_print_string ppf
    (Out_name.print (Naming_context.ident_name_simple Other id))

(* Print a path *)

let ident_stdlib = Ident.create_persistent "Stdlib"

let non_shadowed_pervasive = function
  | Pdot(Pident id, s) as path ->
      Ident.same id ident_stdlib &&
      (match in_printing_env (Env.find_type_by_name (Lident s)) with
       | (path', _) -> Path.same path path'
       | exception Not_found -> true)
  | _ -> false

let find_double_underscore s =
  let len = String.length s in
  let rec loop i =
    if i + 1 >= len then
      None
    else if s.[i] = '_' && s.[i + 1] = '_' then
      Some i
    else
      loop (i + 1)
  in
  loop 0

let rec module_path_is_an_alias_of env path ~alias_of =
  match Env.find_module path env with
  | { md_type = Mty_alias path'; _ } ->
    Path.same path' alias_of ||
    module_path_is_an_alias_of env path' ~alias_of
  | _ -> false
  | exception Not_found -> false

(* Simple heuristic to print Foo__bar.* as Foo.Bar.* when Foo.Bar is an alias
   for Foo__bar. This pattern is used by the stdlib. *)
let rec rewrite_double_underscore_paths env p =
  match p with
  | Pdot (p, s) ->
    Pdot (rewrite_double_underscore_paths env p, s)
  | Papply (a, b) ->
    Papply (rewrite_double_underscore_paths env a,
            rewrite_double_underscore_paths env b)
  | Pident id ->
    let name = Ident.name id in
    match find_double_underscore name with
    | None -> p
    | Some i ->
      let better_lid =
        Ldot
          (Lident (String.sub name 0 i),
           String.capitalize_ascii
             (String.sub name (i + 2) (String.length name - i - 2)))
      in
      match Env.find_module_by_name better_lid env with
      | exception Not_found -> p
      | p', _ ->
          if module_path_is_an_alias_of env p' ~alias_of:p then
            p'
          else
          p

let rewrite_double_underscore_paths env p =
  if env == Env.empty then
    p
  else
    rewrite_double_underscore_paths env p

let rec tree_of_path namespace = function
  | Pident id ->
      Oide_ident (ident_name namespace id)
  | Pdot(_, s) as path when non_shadowed_pervasive path ->
      Oide_ident (Naming_context.pervasives_name namespace s)
  | Pdot(Pident t, s)
    when namespace=Type && not (Path.is_uident (Ident.name t)) ->
      (* [t.A]: inline record of the constructor [A] from type [t] *)
      Oide_dot (Oide_ident (ident_name Type t), s)
  | Pdot(p, s) ->
      Oide_dot (tree_of_path Module p, s)
  | Papply(p1, p2) ->
      Oide_apply (tree_of_path Module p1, tree_of_path Module p2)

let tree_of_path namespace p =
  tree_of_path namespace (rewrite_double_underscore_paths !printing_env p)

let path ppf p =
  !Oprint.out_ident ppf (tree_of_path Other p)

let string_of_path p =
  Format.asprintf "%a" path p

let strings_of_paths namespace p =
  reset_naming_context ();
  let trees = List.map (tree_of_path namespace) p in
  List.map (Format.asprintf "%a" !Oprint.out_ident) trees

let () = Env.print_path := path

(* Print a recursive annotation *)

let tree_of_rec = function
  | Trec_not -> Orec_not
  | Trec_first -> Orec_first
  | Trec_next -> Orec_next

(* Print a raw type expression, with sharing *)

let raw_list pr ppf = function
    [] -> fprintf ppf "[]"
  | a :: l ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<1>[%a%t]@]" pr a
        (fun ppf -> List.iter (fun x -> fprintf ppf ";@,%a" pr x) l)

let kind_vars = ref []
let kind_count = ref 0

let string_of_field_kind v =
  match field_kind_repr v with
  | Fpublic -> "Fpublic"
  | Fabsent -> "Fabsent"
  | Fprivate -> "Fprivate"

let rec safe_repr v t =
  match Transient_expr.coerce t with
    {desc = Tlink t} when not (List.memq t v) ->
      safe_repr (t::v) t
  | t' -> t'

let rec list_of_memo = function
    Mnil -> []
  | Mcons (_priv, p, _t1, _t2, rem) -> p :: list_of_memo rem
  | Mlink rem -> list_of_memo !rem

let print_name ppf = function
    None -> fprintf ppf "None"
  | Some name -> fprintf ppf "\"%s\"" name

let string_of_label = function
    Nolabel -> ""
  | Labelled s -> s
  | Optional s -> "?"^s

let visited = ref []
let rec raw_type ppf ty =
  let ty = safe_repr [] ty in
  if List.memq ty !visited then fprintf ppf "{id=%d}" ty.id else begin
    visited := ty :: !visited;
    fprintf ppf "@[<1>{id=%d;level=%d;scope=%d;desc=@,%a}@]" ty.id ty.level
      ty.scope raw_type_desc ty.desc
  end
and raw_type_list tl = raw_list raw_type tl
and raw_type_desc ppf = function
    Tvar name -> fprintf ppf "Tvar %a" print_name name
  | Tarrow(l,t1,t2,c) ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>Tarrow(\"%s\",@,%a,@,%a,@,%s)@]"
        (string_of_label l) raw_type t1 raw_type t2
        (if is_commu_ok c then "Cok" else "Cunknown")
  | Ttuple tl ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<1>Ttuple@,%a@]" raw_type_list tl
  | Tconstr (p, tl, abbrev) ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>Tconstr(@,%a,@,%a,@,%a)@]" path p
        raw_type_list tl
        (raw_list path) (list_of_memo !abbrev)
  | Tobject (t, nm) ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>Tobject(@,%a,@,@[<1>ref%t@])@]" raw_type t
        (fun ppf ->
          match !nm with None -> fprintf ppf " None"
          | Some(p,tl) ->
              fprintf ppf "(Some(@,%a,@,%a))" path p raw_type_list tl)
  | Tfield (f, k, t1, t2) ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>Tfield(@,%s,@,%s,@,%a,@;<0 -1>%a)@]" f
        (string_of_field_kind k)
        raw_type t1 raw_type t2
  | Tnil -> fprintf ppf "Tnil"
  | Tlink t -> fprintf ppf "@[<1>Tlink@,%a@]" raw_type t
  | Tsubst (t, None) -> fprintf ppf "@[<1>Tsubst@,(%a,None)@]" raw_type t
  | Tsubst (t, Some t') ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<1>Tsubst@,(%a,@ Some%a)@]" raw_type t raw_type t'
  | Tunivar name -> fprintf ppf "Tunivar %a" print_name name
  | Tpoly (t, tl) ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>Tpoly(@,%a,@,%a)@]"
        raw_type t
        raw_type_list tl
  | Tvariant row ->
      let Row {fields; more; name; fixed; closed} = row_repr row in
      fprintf ppf
        "@[<hov1>{@[%s@,%a;@]@ @[%s@,%a;@]@ %s%B;@ %s%a;@ @[<1>%s%t@]}@]"
        "row_fields="
        (raw_list (fun ppf (l, f) ->
          fprintf ppf "@[%s,@ %a@]" l raw_field f))
        fields
        "row_more=" raw_type more
        "row_closed=" closed
        "row_fixed=" raw_row_fixed fixed
        "row_name="
        (fun ppf ->
          match name with None -> fprintf ppf "None"
          | Some(p,tl) ->
              fprintf ppf "Some(@,%a,@,%a)" path p raw_type_list tl)
  | Tpackage (p, fl) ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>Tpackage(@,%a@,%a)@]" path p
        raw_type_list (List.map snd fl)
and raw_row_fixed ppf = function
| None -> fprintf ppf "None"
| Some Types.Fixed_private -> fprintf ppf "Some Fixed_private"
| Some Types.Rigid -> fprintf ppf "Some Rigid"
| Some Types.Univar t -> fprintf ppf "Some(Univar(%a))" raw_type t
| Some Types.Reified p -> fprintf ppf "Some(Reified(%a))" path p

and raw_field ppf rf =
  match_row_field
    ~absent:(fun _ -> fprintf ppf "RFabsent")
    ~present:(function
      | None ->
          fprintf ppf "RFpresent None"
      | Some t ->
          fprintf ppf  "@[<1>RFpresent(Some@,%a)@]" raw_type t)
    ~either:(fun c tl m e ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<hov1>RFeither(%B,@,%a,@,%B,@,@[<1>ref%t@])@]" c
        raw_type_list tl m
        (fun ppf ->
          match e with None -> fprintf ppf " RFnone"
          | Some f -> fprintf ppf "@,@[<1>(%a)@]" raw_field f))
    rf

let raw_type_expr ppf t =
  visited := []; kind_vars := []; kind_count := 0;
  raw_type ppf t;
  visited := []; kind_vars := []

let () = Btype.print_raw := raw_type_expr

(* Normalize paths *)

type param_subst = Id | Nth of int | Map of int list

let is_nth = function
    Nth _ -> true
  | _ -> false

let compose l1 = function
  | Id -> Map l1
  | Map l2 -> Map (List.map (List.nth l1) l2)
  | Nth n  -> Nth (List.nth l1 n)

let apply_subst s1 tyl =
  if tyl = [] then []
  (* cf. PR#7543: Typemod.type_package doesn't respect type constructor arity *)
  else
    match s1 with
      Nth n1 -> [List.nth tyl n1]
    | Map l1 -> List.map (List.nth tyl) l1
    | Id -> tyl

type best_path = Paths of Path.t list | Best of Path.t

(** Short-paths cache: the five mutable variables below implement a one-slot
    cache for short-paths
 *)
let printing_old = ref Env.empty
let printing_pers = ref String.Set.empty
(** {!printing_old} and  {!printing_pers} are the keys of the one-slot cache *)

let printing_depth = ref 0
let printing_cont = ref ([] : Env.iter_cont list)
let printing_map = ref Path.Map.empty
(**
   - {!printing_map} is the main value stored in the cache.
   Note that it is evaluated lazily and its value is updated during printing.
   - {!printing_dep} is the current exploration depth of the environment,
   it is used to determine whenever the {!printing_map} should be evaluated
   further before completing a request.
   - {!printing_cont} is the list of continuations needed to evaluate
   the {!printing_map} one level further (see also {!Env.run_iter_cont})
*)

let rec index l x =
  match l with
    [] -> raise Not_found
  | a :: l -> if eq_type x a then 0 else 1 + index l x

let rec uniq = function
    [] -> true
  | a :: l -> not (List.memq (a : int) l) && uniq l

let rec normalize_type_path ?(cache=false) env p =
  try
    let (params, ty, _) = Env.find_type_expansion p env in
    match get_desc ty with
      Tconstr (p1, tyl, _) ->
        if List.length params = List.length tyl
        && List.for_all2 eq_type params tyl
        then normalize_type_path ~cache env p1
        else if cache || List.length params <= List.length tyl
             || not (uniq (List.map get_id tyl)) then (p, Id)
        else
          let l1 = List.map (index params) tyl in
          let (p2, s2) = normalize_type_path ~cache env p1 in
          (p2, compose l1 s2)
    | _ ->
        (p, Nth (index params ty))
  with
    Not_found ->
      (Env.normalize_type_path None env p, Id)

let penalty s =
  if s <> "" && s.[0] = '_' then
    10
  else
    match find_double_underscore s with
    | None -> 1
    | Some _ -> 10

let rec path_size = function
    Pident id ->
      penalty (Ident.name id), -Ident.scope id
  | Pdot (p, _) ->
      let (l, b) = path_size p in (1+l, b)
  | Papply (p1, p2) ->
      let (l, b) = path_size p1 in
      (l + fst (path_size p2), b)

let same_printing_env env =
  let used_pers = Env.used_persistent () in
  Env.same_types !printing_old env && String.Set.equal !printing_pers used_pers

let set_printing_env env =
  printing_env := env;
  if !Clflags.real_paths ||
     !printing_env == Env.empty ||
     same_printing_env env then
    ()
  else begin
    (* printf "Reset printing_map@."; *)
    printing_old := env;
    printing_pers := Env.used_persistent ();
    printing_map := Path.Map.empty;
    printing_depth := 0;
    (* printf "Recompute printing_map.@."; *)
    let cont =
      Env.iter_types
        (fun p (p', _decl) ->
          let (p1, s1) = normalize_type_path env p' ~cache:true in
          (* Format.eprintf "%a -> %a = %a@." path p path p' path p1 *)
          if s1 = Id then
          try
            let r = Path.Map.find p1 !printing_map in
            match !r with
              Paths l -> r := Paths (p :: l)
            | Best p' -> r := Paths [p; p'] (* assert false *)
          with Not_found ->
            printing_map := Path.Map.add p1 (ref (Paths [p])) !printing_map)
        env in
    printing_cont := [cont];
  end

let wrap_printing_env env f =
  set_printing_env env; reset_naming_context ();
  try_finally f ~always:(fun () -> set_printing_env Env.empty)

let wrap_printing_env ~error env f =
  if error then Env.without_cmis (wrap_printing_env env) f
  else wrap_printing_env env f

let rec lid_of_path = function
    Path.Pident id ->
      Longident.Lident (Ident.name id)
  | Path.Pdot (p1, s) ->
      Longident.Ldot (lid_of_path p1, s)
  | Path.Papply (p1, p2) ->
      Longident.Lapply (lid_of_path p1, lid_of_path p2)

let is_unambiguous path env =
  let l = Env.find_shadowed_types path env in
  List.exists (Path.same path) l || (* concrete paths are ok *)
  match l with
    [] -> true
  | p :: rem ->
      (* allow also coherent paths:  *)
      let normalize p = fst (normalize_type_path ~cache:true env p) in
      let p' = normalize p in
      List.for_all (fun p -> Path.same (normalize p) p') rem ||
      (* also allow repeatedly defining and opening (for toplevel) *)
      let id = lid_of_path p in
      List.for_all (fun p -> lid_of_path p = id) rem &&
      Path.same p (fst (Env.find_type_by_name id env))

let rec get_best_path r =
  match !r with
    Best p' -> p'
  | Paths [] -> raise Not_found
  | Paths l ->
      r := Paths [];
      List.iter
        (fun p ->
          (* Format.eprintf "evaluating %a@." path p; *)
          match !r with
            Best p' when path_size p >= path_size p' -> ()
          | _ -> if is_unambiguous p !printing_env then r := Best p)
              (* else Format.eprintf "%a ignored as ambiguous@." path p *)
        l;
      get_best_path r

let best_type_path p =
  if !printing_env == Env.empty
  then (p, Id)
  else if !Clflags.real_paths
  then (p, Id)
  else
    let (p', s) = normalize_type_path !printing_env p in
    let get_path () = get_best_path (Path.Map.find  p' !printing_map) in
    while !printing_cont <> [] &&
      try fst (path_size (get_path ())) > !printing_depth with Not_found -> true
    do
      printing_cont := List.map snd (Env.run_iter_cont !printing_cont);
      incr printing_depth;
    done;
    let p'' = try get_path () with Not_found -> p' in
    (* Format.eprintf "%a = %a -> %a@." path p path p' path p''; *)
    (p'', s)

(* Print a type expression *)

let proxy ty = Transient_expr.repr (proxy ty)

(* When printing a type scheme, we print weak names.  When printing a plain
   type, we do not.  This type controls that behavior *)
type type_or_scheme = Type | Type_scheme

let is_non_gen mode ty =
  match mode with
  | Type_scheme -> is_Tvar ty && get_level ty <> generic_level
  | Type        -> false

let nameable_row row =
  row_name row <> None &&
  List.for_all
    (fun (_, f) ->
       match row_field_repr f with
       | Reither(c, l, _) ->
           row_closed row && if c then l = [] else List.length l = 1
       | _ -> true)
    (row_fields row)

(* This specialized version of [Btype.iter_type_expr] normalizes and
   short-circuits the traversal of the [type_expr], so that it covers only the
   subterms that would be printed by the type printer. *)
let printer_iter_type_expr f ty =
  match get_desc ty with
  | Tconstr(p, tyl, _) ->
      let (_p', s) = best_type_path p in
      List.iter f (apply_subst s tyl)
  | Tvariant row -> begin
      match row_name row with
      | Some(_p, tyl) when nameable_row row ->
          List.iter f tyl
      | _ ->
          iter_row f row
    end
  | Tobject (fi, nm) -> begin
      match !nm with
      | None ->
          let fields, _ = flatten_fields fi in
          List.iter
            (fun (_, kind, ty) ->
               if field_kind_repr kind = Fpublic then
                 f ty)
            fields
      | Some (_, l) ->
          List.iter f (List.tl l)
    end
  | Tfield(_, kind, ty1, ty2) ->
      if field_kind_repr kind = Fpublic then
        f ty1;
      f ty2
  | _ ->
      Btype.iter_type_expr f ty

module Names : sig
  val reset_names : unit -> unit

  val add_named_vars : type_expr -> unit
  val add_subst : (type_expr * type_expr) list -> unit

  val new_name : unit -> string
  val new_weak_name : type_expr -> unit -> string

  val name_of_type : (unit -> string) -> transient_expr -> string
  val check_name_of_type : transient_expr -> unit

  val remove_names : transient_expr list -> unit

  val with_local_names : (unit -> 'a) -> 'a

  (* Refresh the weak variable map in the toplevel; for [print_items], which is
     itself for the toplevel *)
  val refresh_weak : unit -> unit
end = struct
  (* We map from types to names, but not directly; we also store a substitution,
     which maps from types to types.  The lookup process is
     "type -> apply substitution -> find name".  The substitution is presumed to
     be acyclic. *)
  let names = ref ([] : (transient_expr * string) list)
  let name_subst = ref ([] : (transient_expr * transient_expr) list)
  let name_counter = ref 0
  let named_vars = ref ([] : string list)
  let visited_for_named_vars = ref ([] : transient_expr list)

  let weak_counter = ref 1
  let weak_var_map = ref TypeMap.empty
  let named_weak_vars = ref String.Set.empty

  let reset_names () =
    names := [];
    name_subst := [];
    name_counter := 0;
    named_vars := [];
    visited_for_named_vars := []

  let add_named_var tty =
    match tty.desc with
      Tvar (Some name) | Tunivar (Some name) ->
        if List.mem name !named_vars then () else
        named_vars := name :: !named_vars
    | _ -> ()

  let rec add_named_vars ty =
    let tty = Transient_expr.repr ty in
    let px = proxy ty in
    if not (List.memq px !visited_for_named_vars) then begin
      visited_for_named_vars := px :: !visited_for_named_vars;
      match tty.desc with
      | Tvar _ | Tunivar _ ->
          add_named_var tty
      | _ ->
          printer_iter_type_expr add_named_vars ty
    end

  let rec substitute ty =
    match List.assq ty !name_subst with
    | ty' -> substitute ty'
    | exception Not_found -> ty

  let add_subst subst =
    name_subst :=
      List.map (fun (t1,t2) -> Transient_expr.repr t1, Transient_expr.repr t2)
        subst
      @ !name_subst

  let name_is_already_used name =
    List.mem name !named_vars
    || List.exists (fun (_, name') -> name = name') !names
    || String.Set.mem name !named_weak_vars

  let rec new_name () =
    let name =
      if !name_counter < 26
      then String.make 1 (Char.chr(97 + !name_counter))
      else String.make 1 (Char.chr(97 + !name_counter mod 26)) ^
             Int.to_string(!name_counter / 26) in
    incr name_counter;
    if name_is_already_used name then new_name () else name

  let rec new_weak_name ty () =
    let name = "weak" ^ Int.to_string !weak_counter in
    incr weak_counter;
    if name_is_already_used name then new_weak_name ty ()
    else begin
        named_weak_vars := String.Set.add name !named_weak_vars;
        weak_var_map := TypeMap.add ty name !weak_var_map;
        name
      end

  let name_of_type name_generator t =
    (* We've already been through repr at this stage, so t is our representative
       of the union-find class. *)
    let t = substitute t in
    try List.assq t !names with Not_found ->
      try TransientTypeMap.find t !weak_var_map with Not_found ->
      let name =
        match t.desc with
          Tvar (Some name) | Tunivar (Some name) ->
            (* Some part of the type we've already printed has assigned another
             * unification variable to that name. We want to keep the name, so
             * try adding a number until we find a name that's not taken. *)
            let current_name = ref name in
            let i = ref 0 in
            while List.exists
                    (fun (_, name') -> !current_name = name')
                    !names
            do
              current_name := name ^ (Int.to_string !i);
              i := !i + 1;
            done;
            !current_name
        | _ ->
            (* No name available, create a new one *)
            name_generator ()
      in
      (* Exception for type declarations *)
      if name <> "_" then names := (t, name) :: !names;
      name

  let check_name_of_type t = ignore(name_of_type new_name t)

  let remove_names tyl =
    let tyl = List.map substitute tyl in
    names := List.filter (fun (ty,_) -> not (List.memq ty tyl)) !names

  let with_local_names f =
    let old_names = !names in
    let old_subst = !name_subst in
    names      := [];
    name_subst := [];
    try_finally
      ~always:(fun () ->
        names      := old_names;
        name_subst := old_subst)
      f

  let refresh_weak () =
    let refresh t name (m,s) =
      if is_non_gen Type_scheme t then
        begin
          TypeMap.add t name m,
          String.Set.add name s
        end
      else m, s in
    let m, s =
      TypeMap.fold refresh !weak_var_map (TypeMap.empty ,String.Set.empty) in
    named_weak_vars := s;
    weak_var_map := m
end

let reserve_names ty =
  normalize_type ty;
  Names.add_named_vars ty

let visited_objects = ref ([] : transient_expr list)
let aliased = ref ([] : transient_expr list)
let delayed = ref ([] : transient_expr list)
let printed_aliases = ref ([] : transient_expr list)

(* [printed_aliases] is a subset of [aliased] that records only those aliased
   types that have actually been printed; this allows us to avoid naming loops
   that the user will never see. *)

let add_delayed t =
  if not (List.memq t !delayed) then delayed := t :: !delayed

let is_aliased_proxy px = List.memq px !aliased

let add_alias_proxy px =
  if not (is_aliased_proxy px) then
    aliased := px :: !aliased

let add_alias ty = add_alias_proxy (proxy ty)

let add_printed_alias_proxy px =
  Names.check_name_of_type px;
  printed_aliases := px :: !printed_aliases

let add_printed_alias ty = add_printed_alias_proxy (proxy ty)

let aliasable ty =
  match get_desc ty with
    Tvar _ | Tunivar _ | Tpoly _ -> false
  | Tconstr (p, _, _) ->
      not (is_nth (snd (best_type_path p)))
  | _ -> true

let should_visit_object ty =
  match get_desc ty with
  | Tvariant row -> not (static_row row)
  | Tobject _ -> opened_object ty
  | _ -> false

let rec mark_loops_rec visited ty =
  let px = proxy ty in
  if List.memq px visited && aliasable ty then add_alias_proxy px else
    let tty = Transient_expr.repr ty in
    let visited = px :: visited in
    match tty.desc with
    | Tvariant _ | Tobject _ ->
        if List.memq px !visited_objects then add_alias_proxy px else begin
          if should_visit_object ty then
            visited_objects := px :: !visited_objects;
          printer_iter_type_expr (mark_loops_rec visited) ty
        end
    | Tpoly(ty, tyl) ->
        List.iter add_alias tyl;
        mark_loops_rec visited ty
    | _ ->
        printer_iter_type_expr (mark_loops_rec visited) ty

let mark_loops ty =
  mark_loops_rec [] ty

let prepare_type ty =
  reserve_names ty;
  mark_loops ty

let reset_loop_marks () =
  visited_objects := []; aliased := []; delayed := []; printed_aliases := []

let reset_except_context () =
  Names.reset_names (); reset_loop_marks ()

let reset () =
  reset_naming_context (); Conflicts.reset ();
  reset_except_context ()

let prepare_for_printing tyl =
  reset_except_context (); List.iter prepare_type tyl

(* Disabled in classic mode when printing an unification error *)
let print_labels = ref true

let rec tree_of_typexp mode ty =
  let px = proxy ty in
  if List.memq px !printed_aliases && not (List.memq px !delayed) then
   let mark = is_non_gen mode ty in
   let name = Names.name_of_type
                (if mark then Names.new_weak_name ty else Names.new_name)
                px
   in
   Otyp_var (mark, name) else

  let pr_typ () =
    let tty = Transient_expr.repr ty in
    match tty.desc with
    | Tvar _ ->
        let non_gen = is_non_gen mode ty in
        let name_gen =
          if non_gen then Names.new_weak_name ty else Names.new_name
        in
        Otyp_var (non_gen, Names.name_of_type name_gen tty)
    | Tarrow(l, ty1, ty2, _) ->
        let lab =
          if !print_labels || is_optional l then string_of_label l else ""
        in
        let t1 =
          if is_optional l then
            match get_desc ty1 with
            | Tconstr(path, [ty], _)
              when Path.same path Predef.path_option ->
                tree_of_typexp mode ty
            | _ -> Otyp_stuff "<hidden>"
          else tree_of_typexp mode ty1 in
        Otyp_arrow (lab, t1, tree_of_typexp mode ty2)
    | Ttuple tyl ->
        Otyp_tuple (tree_of_typlist mode tyl)
    | Tconstr(p, tyl, _abbrev) ->
        let p', s = best_type_path p in
        let tyl' = apply_subst s tyl in
        if is_nth s && not (tyl'=[])
        then tree_of_typexp mode (List.hd tyl')
        else Otyp_constr (tree_of_path Type p', tree_of_typlist mode tyl')
    | Tvariant row ->
        let Row {fields; name; closed} = row_repr row in
        let fields =
          if closed then
            List.filter (fun (_, f) -> row_field_repr f <> Rabsent)
              fields
          else fields in
        let present =
          List.filter
            (fun (_, f) ->
               match row_field_repr f with
               | Rpresent _ -> true
               | _ -> false)
            fields in
        let all_present = List.length present = List.length fields in
        begin match name with
        | Some(p, tyl) when nameable_row row ->
            let (p', s) = best_type_path p in
            let id = tree_of_path Type p' in
            let args = tree_of_typlist mode (apply_subst s tyl) in
            let out_variant =
              if is_nth s then List.hd args else Otyp_constr (id, args) in
            if closed && all_present then
              out_variant
            else
              let non_gen = is_non_gen mode (Transient_expr.type_expr px) in
              let tags =
                if all_present then None else Some (List.map fst present) in
              Otyp_variant (non_gen, Ovar_typ out_variant, closed, tags)
        | _ ->
            let non_gen =
              not (closed && all_present) &&
              is_non_gen mode (Transient_expr.type_expr px) in
            let fields = List.map (tree_of_row_field mode) fields in
            let tags =
              if all_present then None else Some (List.map fst present) in
            Otyp_variant (non_gen, Ovar_fields fields, closed, tags)
        end
    | Tobject (fi, nm) ->
        tree_of_typobject mode fi !nm
    | Tnil | Tfield _ ->
        tree_of_typobject mode ty None
    | Tsubst _ ->
        (* This case should only happen when debugging the compiler *)
        Otyp_stuff "<Tsubst>"
    | Tlink _ ->
        fatal_error "Printtyp.tree_of_typexp"
    | Tpoly (ty, []) ->
        tree_of_typexp mode ty
    | Tpoly (ty, tyl) ->
        (*let print_names () =
          List.iter (fun (_, name) -> prerr_string (name ^ " ")) !names;
          prerr_string "; " in *)
        if tyl = [] then tree_of_typexp mode ty else begin
          let tyl = List.map Transient_expr.repr tyl in
          let old_delayed = !delayed in
          (* Make the names delayed, so that the real type is
             printed once when used as proxy *)
          List.iter add_delayed tyl;
          let tl = List.map (Names.name_of_type Names.new_name) tyl in
          let tr = Otyp_poly (tl, tree_of_typexp mode ty) in
          (* Forget names when we leave scope *)
          Names.remove_names tyl;
          delayed := old_delayed; tr
        end
    | Tunivar _ ->
        Otyp_var (false, Names.name_of_type Names.new_name tty)
    | Tpackage (p, fl) ->
        let fl =
          List.map
            (fun (li, ty) -> (
              String.concat "." (Longident.flatten li),
              tree_of_typexp mode ty
            )) fl in
        Otyp_module (tree_of_path Module_type p, fl)
  in
  if List.memq px !delayed then delayed := List.filter ((!=) px) !delayed;
  if is_aliased_proxy px && aliasable ty then begin
    add_printed_alias_proxy px;
    Otyp_alias (pr_typ (), Names.name_of_type Names.new_name px) end
  else pr_typ ()

and tree_of_row_field mode (l, f) =
  match row_field_repr f with
  | Rpresent None | Reither(true, [], _) -> (l, false, [])
  | Rpresent(Some ty) -> (l, false, [tree_of_typexp mode ty])
  | Reither(c, tyl, _) ->
      if c (* contradiction: constant constructor with an argument *)
      then (l, true, tree_of_typlist mode tyl)
      else (l, false, tree_of_typlist mode tyl)
  | Rabsent -> (l, false, [] (* actually, an error *))

and tree_of_typlist mode tyl =
  List.map (tree_of_typexp mode) tyl

and tree_of_typobject mode fi nm =
  begin match nm with
  | None ->
      let pr_fields fi =
        let (fields, rest) = flatten_fields fi in
        let present_fields =
          List.fold_right
            (fun (n, k, t) l ->
               match field_kind_repr k with
               | Fpublic -> (n, t) :: l
               | _ -> l)
            fields [] in
        let sorted_fields =
          List.sort
            (fun (n, _) (n', _) -> String.compare n n') present_fields in
        tree_of_typfields mode rest sorted_fields in
      let (fields, rest) = pr_fields fi in
      Otyp_object (fields, rest)
  | Some (p, ty :: tyl) ->
      let non_gen = is_non_gen mode ty in
      let args = tree_of_typlist mode tyl in
      let (p', s) = best_type_path p in
      assert (s = Id);
      Otyp_class (non_gen, tree_of_path Type p', args)
  | _ ->
      fatal_error "Printtyp.tree_of_typobject"
  end

and tree_of_typfields mode rest = function
  | [] ->
      let rest =
        match get_desc rest with
        | Tvar _ | Tunivar _ -> Some (is_non_gen mode rest)
        | Tconstr _ -> Some false
        | Tnil -> None
        | _ -> fatal_error "typfields (1)"
      in
      ([], rest)
  | (s, t) :: l ->
      let field = (s, tree_of_typexp mode t) in
      let (fields, rest) = tree_of_typfields mode rest l in
      (field :: fields, rest)

let typexp mode ppf ty =
  !Oprint.out_type ppf (tree_of_typexp mode ty)

let prepared_type_expr ppf ty = typexp Type ppf ty

let type_expr ppf ty =
  (* [type_expr] is used directly by error message printers,
     we mark eventual loops ourself to avoid any misuse and stack overflow *)
  prepare_for_printing [ty];
  prepared_type_expr ppf ty

(* "Half-prepared" type expression: [ty] should have had its names reserved, but
   should not have had its loops marked. *)
let type_expr_with_reserved_names ppf ty =
  reset_loop_marks ();
  mark_loops ty;
  prepared_type_expr ppf ty

let shared_type_scheme ppf ty =
  prepare_type ty;
  typexp Type_scheme ppf ty

let type_scheme ppf ty =
  prepare_for_printing [ty];
  typexp Type_scheme ppf ty

let type_path ppf p =
  let (p', s) = best_type_path p in
  let p = if (s = Id) then p' else p in
  let t = tree_of_path Type p in
  !Oprint.out_ident ppf t

let tree_of_type_scheme ty =
  prepare_for_printing [ty];
  tree_of_typexp Type_scheme ty

(* Print one type declaration *)

let tree_of_constraints params =
  List.fold_right
    (fun ty list ->
       let ty' = unalias ty in
       if proxy ty != proxy ty' then
         let tr = tree_of_typexp Type_scheme ty in
         (tr, tree_of_typexp Type_scheme ty') :: list
       else list)
    params []

let filter_params tyl =
  let params =
    List.fold_left
      (fun tyl ty ->
        if List.exists (eq_type ty) tyl
        then newty2 ~level:generic_level (Ttuple [ty]) :: tyl
        else ty :: tyl)
      (* Two parameters might be identical due to a constraint but we need to
         print them differently in order to make the output syntactically valid.
         We use [Ttuple [ty]] because it is printed as [ty]. *)
      (* Replacing fold_left by fold_right does not work! *)
      [] tyl
  in List.rev params

let prepare_type_constructor_arguments = function
  | Cstr_tuple l -> List.iter prepare_type l
  | Cstr_record l -> List.iter (fun l -> prepare_type l.ld_type) l

let rec tree_of_type_decl id decl =

  reset_except_context();

  let params = filter_params decl.type_params in

  begin match decl.type_manifest with
  | Some ty ->
      let vars = free_variables ty in
      List.iter
        (fun ty ->
          if get_desc ty = Tvar (Some "_") && List.exists (eq_type ty) vars
          then set_type_desc ty (Tvar None))
        params
  | None -> ()
  end;

  List.iter add_alias params;
  List.iter prepare_type params;
  List.iter add_printed_alias params;
  let ty_manifest =
    match decl.type_manifest with
    | None -> None
    | Some ty ->
        let ty =
          (* Special hack to hide variant name *)
          match get_desc ty with
            Tvariant row ->
              begin match row_name row with
                Some (Pident id', _) when Ident.same id id' ->
                  newgenty (Tvariant (set_row_name row None))
              | _ -> ty
              end
          | _ -> ty
        in
        prepare_type ty;
        Some ty
  in
  begin match decl.type_kind with
  | Type_abstract -> ()
  | Type_variant (cstrs, _rep) ->
      List.iter
        (fun c ->
           prepare_type_constructor_arguments c.cd_args;
           Option.iter prepare_type c.cd_res)
        cstrs
  | Type_record(l, _rep) ->
      List.iter (fun l -> prepare_type l.ld_type) l
  | Type_open -> ()
  end;

  let type_param =
    function
    | Otyp_var (_, id) -> id
    | _ -> "?"
  in
  let type_defined decl =
    let abstr =
      match decl.type_kind with
        Type_abstract ->
          decl.type_manifest = None || decl.type_private = Private
      | Type_record _ ->
          decl.type_private = Private
      | Type_variant (tll, _rep) ->
          decl.type_private = Private ||
          List.exists (fun cd -> cd.cd_res <> None) tll
      | Type_open ->
          decl.type_manifest = None
    in
    let vari =
      List.map2
        (fun ty v ->
          let is_var = is_Tvar ty in
          if abstr || not is_var then
            let inj =
              decl.type_kind = Type_abstract && Variance.mem Inj v &&
              match decl.type_manifest with
              | None -> true
              | Some ty -> (* only abstract or private row types *)
                  decl.type_private = Private &&
                  Btype.is_constr_row ~allow_ident:true (Btype.row_of_type ty)
            and (co, cn) = Variance.get_upper v in
            (if not cn then Covariant else
             if not co then Contravariant else NoVariance),
            (if inj then Injective else NoInjectivity)
          else (NoVariance, NoInjectivity))
        decl.type_params decl.type_variance
    in
    (Ident.name id,
     List.map2 (fun ty cocn -> type_param (tree_of_typexp Type ty), cocn)
       params vari)
  in
  let tree_of_manifest ty1 =
    match ty_manifest with
    | None -> ty1
    | Some ty -> Otyp_manifest (tree_of_typexp Type ty, ty1)
  in
  let (name, args) = type_defined decl in
  let constraints = tree_of_constraints params in
  let ty, priv, unboxed =
    match decl.type_kind with
    | Type_abstract ->
        begin match ty_manifest with
        | None -> (Otyp_abstract, Public, false)
        | Some ty ->
            tree_of_typexp Type ty, decl.type_private, false
        end
    | Type_variant (cstrs, rep) ->
        tree_of_manifest (Otyp_sum (List.map tree_of_constructor cstrs)),
        decl.type_private,
        (rep = Variant_unboxed)
    | Type_record(lbls, rep) ->
        tree_of_manifest (Otyp_record (List.map tree_of_label lbls)),
        decl.type_private,
        (match rep with Record_unboxed _ -> true | _ -> false)
    | Type_open ->
        tree_of_manifest Otyp_open,
        decl.type_private,
        false
  in
    { otype_name = name;
      otype_params = args;
      otype_type = ty;
      otype_private = priv;
      otype_immediate = Type_immediacy.of_attributes decl.type_attributes;
      otype_unboxed = unboxed;
      otype_cstrs = constraints }

and tree_of_constructor_arguments = function
  | Cstr_tuple l -> tree_of_typlist Type l
  | Cstr_record l -> [ Otyp_record (List.map tree_of_label l) ]

and tree_of_constructor cd =
  let name = Ident.name cd.cd_id in
  let arg () = tree_of_constructor_arguments cd.cd_args in
  match cd.cd_res with
  | None -> {
      ocstr_name = name;
      ocstr_args = arg ();
      ocstr_return_type = None;
    }
  | Some res ->
      Names.with_local_names (fun () ->
        let ret = tree_of_typexp Type res in
        let args = arg () in
        {
          ocstr_name = name;
          ocstr_args = args;
          ocstr_return_type = Some ret;
        })

and tree_of_label l =
  (Ident.name l.ld_id, l.ld_mutable = Mutable, tree_of_typexp Type l.ld_type)

let constructor ppf c =
  reset_except_context ();
  prepare_type_constructor_arguments c.cd_args;
  Option.iter prepare_type c.cd_res;
  !Oprint.out_constr ppf (tree_of_constructor c)

let label ppf l =
  reset_except_context ();
  prepare_type l.ld_type;
  !Oprint.out_label ppf (tree_of_label l)

let tree_of_type_declaration id decl rs =
  Osig_type (tree_of_type_decl id decl, tree_of_rec rs)

let type_declaration id ppf decl =
  !Oprint.out_sig_item ppf (tree_of_type_declaration id decl Trec_first)

let constructor_arguments ppf a =
  let tys = tree_of_constructor_arguments a in
  !Oprint.out_type ppf (Otyp_tuple tys)

(* Print an extension declaration *)

let extension_constructor_args_and_ret_type_subtree ext_args ext_ret_type =
  match ext_ret_type with
  | None -> (tree_of_constructor_arguments ext_args, None)
  | Some res ->
      Names.with_local_names (fun () ->
        let ret = tree_of_typexp Type res in
        let args = tree_of_constructor_arguments ext_args in
        (args, Some ret))

let tree_of_extension_constructor id ext es =
  reset_except_context ();
  let ty_name = Path.name ext.ext_type_path in
  let ty_params = filter_params ext.ext_type_params in
  List.iter add_alias ty_params;
  List.iter prepare_type ty_params;
  List.iter add_printed_alias ty_params;
  prepare_type_constructor_arguments ext.ext_args;
  Option.iter prepare_type ext.ext_ret_type;
  let type_param =
    function
    | Otyp_var (_, id) -> id
    | _ -> "?"
  in
  let ty_params =
    List.map (fun ty -> type_param (tree_of_typexp Type ty)) ty_params
  in
  let name = Ident.name id in
  let args, ret =
    extension_constructor_args_and_ret_type_subtree
      ext.ext_args
      ext.ext_ret_type
  in
  let ext =
    { oext_name = name;
      oext_type_name = ty_name;
      oext_type_params = ty_params;
      oext_args = args;
      oext_ret_type = ret;
      oext_private = ext.ext_private }
  in
  let es =
    match es with
        Text_first -> Oext_first
      | Text_next -> Oext_next
      | Text_exception -> Oext_exception
  in
    Osig_typext (ext, es)

let extension_constructor id ppf ext =
  !Oprint.out_sig_item ppf (tree_of_extension_constructor id ext Text_first)

let extension_only_constructor id ppf ext =
  reset_except_context ();
  prepare_type_constructor_arguments ext.ext_args;
  Option.iter prepare_type ext.ext_ret_type;
  let name = Ident.name id in
  let args, ret =
    extension_constructor_args_and_ret_type_subtree
      ext.ext_args
      ext.ext_ret_type
  in
  Format.fprintf ppf "@[<hv>%a@]"
    !Oprint.out_constr {
      ocstr_name = name;
      ocstr_args = args;
      ocstr_return_type = ret;
    }

(* Print a value declaration *)

let tree_of_value_description id decl =
  (* Format.eprintf "@[%a@]@." raw_type_expr decl.val_type; *)
  let id = Ident.name id in
  let ty = tree_of_type_scheme decl.val_type in
  let vd =
    { oval_name = id;
      oval_type = ty;
      oval_prims = [];
      oval_attributes = [] }
  in
  let vd =
    match decl.val_kind with
    | Val_prim p -> Primitive.print p vd
    | _ -> vd
  in
  Osig_value vd

let value_description id ppf decl =
  !Oprint.out_sig_item ppf (tree_of_value_description id decl)

(* Print a class type *)

let method_type priv ty =
  match priv, get_desc ty with
  | Mpublic, Tpoly(ty, tyl) -> (ty, tyl)
  | _ , _ -> (ty, [])

let prepare_method _lab (priv, _virt, ty) =
  let ty, _ = method_type priv ty in
  prepare_type ty

let tree_of_method mode (lab, priv, virt, ty) =
  let (ty, tyl) = method_type priv ty in
  let tty = tree_of_typexp mode ty in
  Names.remove_names (List.map Transient_expr.repr tyl);
  let priv = priv <> Mpublic in
  let virt = virt = Virtual in
  Ocsg_method (lab, priv, virt, tty)

let rec prepare_class_type params = function
  | Cty_constr (_p, tyl, cty) ->
      let row = Btype.self_type_row cty in
      if List.memq (proxy row) !visited_objects
      || not (List.for_all is_Tvar params)
      || List.exists (deep_occur row) tyl
      then prepare_class_type params cty
      else List.iter prepare_type tyl
  | Cty_signature sign ->
      (* Self may have a name *)
      let px = proxy sign.csig_self_row in
      if List.memq px !visited_objects then add_alias_proxy px
      else visited_objects := px :: !visited_objects;
      Vars.iter (fun _ (_, _, ty) -> prepare_type ty) sign.csig_vars;
      Meths.iter prepare_method sign.csig_meths
  | Cty_arrow (_, ty, cty) ->
      prepare_type ty;
      prepare_class_type params cty

let rec tree_of_class_type mode params =
  function
  | Cty_constr (p', tyl, cty) ->
      let row = Btype.self_type_row cty in
      if List.memq (proxy row) !visited_objects
      || not (List.for_all is_Tvar params)
      then
        tree_of_class_type mode params cty
      else
        let namespace = Namespace.best_class_namespace p' in
        Octy_constr (tree_of_path namespace p', tree_of_typlist Type_scheme tyl)
  | Cty_signature sign ->
      let px = proxy sign.csig_self_row in
      let self_ty =
        if is_aliased_proxy px then
          Some
            (Otyp_var (false, Names.name_of_type Names.new_name px))
        else None
      in
      let csil = [] in
      let csil =
        List.fold_left
          (fun csil (ty1, ty2) -> Ocsg_constraint (ty1, ty2) :: csil)
          csil (tree_of_constraints params)
      in
      let all_vars =
        Vars.fold (fun l (m, v, t) all -> (l, m, v, t) :: all) sign.csig_vars []
      in
      (* Consequence of PR#3607: order of Map.fold has changed! *)
      let all_vars = List.rev all_vars in
      let csil =
        List.fold_left
          (fun csil (l, m, v, t) ->
            Ocsg_value (l, m = Mutable, v = Virtual, tree_of_typexp mode t)
            :: csil)
          csil all_vars
      in
      let all_meths =
        Meths.fold
          (fun l (p, v, t) all -> (l, p, v, t) :: all)
          sign.csig_meths []
      in
      let all_meths = List.rev all_meths in
      let csil =
        List.fold_left
          (fun csil meth -> tree_of_method mode meth :: csil)
          csil all_meths
      in
      Octy_signature (self_ty, List.rev csil)
  | Cty_arrow (l, ty, cty) ->
      let lab =
        if !print_labels || is_optional l then string_of_label l else ""
      in
      let tr =
       if is_optional l then
         match get_desc ty with
         | Tconstr(path, [ty], _) when Path.same path Predef.path_option ->
             tree_of_typexp mode ty
         | _ -> Otyp_stuff "<hidden>"
       else tree_of_typexp mode ty in
      Octy_arrow (lab, tr, tree_of_class_type mode params cty)

let class_type ppf cty =
  reset ();
  prepare_class_type [] cty;
  !Oprint.out_class_type ppf (tree_of_class_type Type [] cty)

let tree_of_class_param param variance =
  (match tree_of_typexp Type_scheme param with
    Otyp_var (_, s) -> s
  | _ -> "?"),
  if is_Tvar param then Asttypes.(NoVariance, NoInjectivity)
  else variance

let class_variance =
  let open Variance in let open Asttypes in
  List.map (fun v ->
    (if not (mem May_pos v) then Contravariant else
     if not (mem May_neg v) then Covariant else NoVariance),
    NoInjectivity)

let tree_of_class_declaration id cl rs =
  let params = filter_params cl.cty_params in

  reset_except_context ();
  List.iter add_alias params;
  prepare_class_type params cl.cty_type;
  let px = proxy (Btype.self_type_row cl.cty_type) in
  List.iter prepare_type params;

  List.iter add_printed_alias params;
  if is_aliased_proxy px then add_printed_alias_proxy px;

  let vir_flag = cl.cty_new = None in
  Osig_class
    (vir_flag, Ident.name id,
     List.map2 tree_of_class_param params (class_variance cl.cty_variance),
     tree_of_class_type Type_scheme params cl.cty_type,
     tree_of_rec rs)

let class_declaration id ppf cl =
  !Oprint.out_sig_item ppf (tree_of_class_declaration id cl Trec_first)

let tree_of_cltype_declaration id cl rs =
  let params = cl.clty_params in

  reset_except_context ();
  List.iter add_alias params;
  prepare_class_type params cl.clty_type;
  let px = proxy (Btype.self_type_row cl.clty_type) in
  List.iter prepare_type params;

  List.iter add_printed_alias params;
  if is_aliased_proxy px then add_printed_alias_proxy px;

  let sign = Btype.signature_of_class_type cl.clty_type in
  let has_virtual_vars =
    Vars.fold (fun _ (_,vr,_) b -> vr = Virtual || b)
      sign.csig_vars false
  in
  let has_virtual_meths =
    Meths.fold (fun _ (_,vr,_) b -> vr = Virtual || b)
      sign.csig_meths false
  in
  Osig_class_type
    (has_virtual_vars || has_virtual_meths, Ident.name id,
     List.map2 tree_of_class_param params (class_variance cl.clty_variance),
     tree_of_class_type Type_scheme params cl.clty_type,
     tree_of_rec rs)

let cltype_declaration id ppf cl =
  !Oprint.out_sig_item ppf (tree_of_cltype_declaration id cl Trec_first)

(* Print a module type *)

let wrap_env fenv ftree arg =
  (* We save the current value of the short-path cache *)
  (* From keys *)
  let env = !printing_env in
  let old_pers = !printing_pers in
  (* to data *)
  let old_map = !printing_map in
  let old_depth = !printing_depth in
  let old_cont = !printing_cont in
  set_printing_env (fenv env);
  let tree = ftree arg in
  if !Clflags.real_paths
     || same_printing_env env then ()
   (* our cached key is still live in the cache, and we want to keep all
      progress made on the computation of the [printing_map] *)
  else begin
    (* we restore the snapshotted cache before calling set_printing_env *)
    printing_old := env;
    printing_pers := old_pers;
    printing_depth := old_depth;
    printing_cont := old_cont;
    printing_map := old_map
  end;
  set_printing_env env;
  tree

let dummy =
  {
    type_params = [];
    type_arity = 0;
    type_kind = Type_abstract;
    type_private = Public;
    type_manifest = None;
    type_variance = [];
    type_separability = [];
    type_is_newtype = false;
    type_expansion_scope = Btype.lowest_level;
    type_loc = Location.none;
    type_attributes = [];
    type_immediate = Unknown;
    type_unboxed_default = false;
    type_uid = Uid.internal_not_actually_unique;
  }

(** we hide items being defined from short-path to avoid shortening
    [type t = Path.To.t] into [type t = t].
*)

let ident_sigitem = function
  | Types.Sig_type(ident,_,_,_) ->  {hide=true;ident}
  | Types.Sig_class(ident,_,_,_)
  | Types.Sig_class_type (ident,_,_,_)
  | Types.Sig_module(ident,_, _,_,_)
  | Types.Sig_value (ident,_,_)
  | Types.Sig_modtype (ident,_,_)
  | Types.Sig_typext (ident,_,_,_)   ->  {hide=false; ident }

let hide ids env =
  let hide_id id env =
    (* Global idents cannot be renamed *)
    if id.hide && not (Ident.global id.ident) then
      Env.add_type ~check:false (Ident.rename id.ident) dummy env
    else env
  in
  List.fold_right hide_id ids env

let with_hidden_items ids f =
  let with_hidden_in_printing_env ids f =
    wrap_env (hide ids) (Naming_context.with_hidden ids) f
  in
  if not !Clflags.real_paths then
    with_hidden_in_printing_env ids f
  else
    Naming_context.with_hidden ids f


let add_sigitem env x =
  Env.add_signature (Signature_group.flatten x) env

let rec tree_of_modtype ?(ellipsis=false) = function
  | Mty_ident p ->
      Omty_ident (tree_of_path Module_type p)
  | Mty_signature sg ->
      Omty_signature (if ellipsis then [Osig_ellipsis]
                      else tree_of_signature sg)
  | Mty_functor(param, ty_res) ->
      let param, env =
        tree_of_functor_parameter param
      in
      let res = wrap_env env (tree_of_modtype ~ellipsis) ty_res in
      Omty_functor (param, res)
  | Mty_alias p ->
      Omty_alias (tree_of_path Module p)

and tree_of_functor_parameter = function
  | Unit ->
      None, fun k -> k
  | Named (param, ty_arg) ->
      let name, env =
        match param with
        | None -> None, fun env -> env
        | Some id ->
            Some (Ident.name id),
            Env.add_module ~arg:true id Mp_present ty_arg
      in
      Some (name, tree_of_modtype ~ellipsis:false ty_arg), env

and tree_of_signature sg =
  wrap_env (fun env -> env)(fun sg ->
      let tree_groups = tree_of_signature_rec !printing_env sg in
      List.concat_map (fun (_env,l) -> List.map snd l) tree_groups
    ) sg

and tree_of_signature_rec env' sg =
  let structured = List.of_seq (Signature_group.seq sg) in
  let collect_trees_of_rec_group group =
    let env = !printing_env in
    let env', group_trees =
      Naming_context.with_ctx
        (fun () -> trees_of_recursive_sigitem_group env group)
    in
    set_printing_env env';
    (env, group_trees) in
  set_printing_env env';
  List.map collect_trees_of_rec_group structured

and trees_of_recursive_sigitem_group env
    (syntactic_group: Signature_group.rec_group) =
  let display (x:Signature_group.sig_item) = x.src, tree_of_sigitem x.src in
  let env = Env.add_signature syntactic_group.pre_ghosts env in
  match syntactic_group.group with
  | Not_rec x -> add_sigitem env x, [display x]
  | Rec_group items ->
      let ids = List.map (fun x -> ident_sigitem x.Signature_group.src) items in
      List.fold_left add_sigitem env items,
      with_hidden_items ids (fun () -> List.map display items)

and tree_of_sigitem = function
  | Sig_value(id, decl, _) ->
      tree_of_value_description id decl
  | Sig_type(id, decl, rs, _) ->
      tree_of_type_declaration id decl rs
  | Sig_typext(id, ext, es, _) ->
      tree_of_extension_constructor id ext es
  | Sig_module(id, _, md, rs, _) ->
      let ellipsis =
        List.exists (function
          | Parsetree.{attr_name = {txt="..."}; attr_payload = PStr []} -> true
          | _ -> false)
          md.md_attributes in
      tree_of_module id md.md_type rs ~ellipsis
  | Sig_modtype(id, decl, _) ->
      tree_of_modtype_declaration id decl
  | Sig_class(id, decl, rs, _) ->
      tree_of_class_declaration id decl rs
  | Sig_class_type(id, decl, rs, _) ->
      tree_of_cltype_declaration id decl rs

and tree_of_modtype_declaration id decl =
  let mty =
    match decl.mtd_type with
    | None -> Omty_abstract
    | Some mty -> tree_of_modtype mty
  in
  Osig_modtype (Ident.name id, mty)

and tree_of_module id ?ellipsis mty rs =
  Osig_module (Ident.name id, tree_of_modtype ?ellipsis mty, tree_of_rec rs)

let rec functor_parameters ~sep custom_printer = function
  | [] -> ignore
  | [id,param] ->
      Format.dprintf "%t%t"
        (custom_printer param)
        (functor_param ~sep ~custom_printer id [])
  | (id,param) :: q ->
      Format.dprintf "%t%a%t"
        (custom_printer param)
        sep ()
        (functor_param ~sep ~custom_printer id q)
and functor_param ~sep ~custom_printer id q =
  match id with
  | None -> functor_parameters ~sep custom_printer q
  | Some id ->
      Naming_context.with_arg id
        (fun () -> functor_parameters ~sep custom_printer q)



let modtype ppf mty = !Oprint.out_module_type ppf (tree_of_modtype mty)
let modtype_declaration id ppf decl =
  !Oprint.out_sig_item ppf (tree_of_modtype_declaration id decl)

(* For the toplevel: merge with tree_of_signature? *)

let print_items showval env x =
  Names.refresh_weak();
  reset_naming_context ();
  Conflicts.reset ();
  let extend_val env (sigitem,outcome) = outcome, showval env sigitem in
  let post_process (env,l) = List.map (extend_val env) l in
  List.concat_map post_process @@ tree_of_signature_rec env x

(* Print a signature body (used by -i when compiling a .ml) *)

let print_signature ppf tree =
  fprintf ppf "@[<v>%a@]" !Oprint.out_signature tree

let signature ppf sg =
  fprintf ppf "%a" print_signature (tree_of_signature sg)

(* Print a signature body (used by -i when compiling a .ml) *)
let printed_signature sourcefile ppf sg =
  (* we are tracking any collision event for warning 63 *)
  Conflicts.reset ();
  reset_naming_context ();
  let t = tree_of_signature sg in
  if Warnings.(is_active @@ Erroneous_printed_signature "")
  && Conflicts.exists ()
  then begin
    let conflicts = Format.asprintf "%t" Conflicts.print_explanations in
    Location.prerr_warning (Location.in_file sourcefile)
      (Warnings.Erroneous_printed_signature conflicts);
    Warnings.check_fatal ()
  end;
  fprintf ppf "%a" print_signature t

(* Trace-specific printing *)

(* A configuration type that controls which trace we print.  This could be
   exposed, but we instead expose three separate
   [report_{unification,equality,moregen}_error] functions.  This also lets us
   give the unification case an extra optional argument without adding it to the
   equality and moregen cases. *)
type 'variety trace_format =
  | Unification : Errortrace.unification trace_format
  | Equality    : Errortrace.comparison  trace_format
  | Moregen     : Errortrace.comparison  trace_format

let incompatibility_phrase (type variety) : variety trace_format -> string =
  function
  | Unification -> "is not compatible with type"
  | Equality    -> "is not equal to type"
  | Moregen     -> "is not compatible with type"

(* Print a unification error *)

let same_path t t' =
  eq_type t t' ||
  match get_desc t, get_desc t' with
    Tconstr(p,tl,_), Tconstr(p',tl',_) ->
      let (p1, s1) = best_type_path p and (p2, s2)  = best_type_path p' in
      begin match s1, s2 with
        Nth n1, Nth n2 when n1 = n2 -> true
      | (Id | Map _), (Id | Map _) when Path.same p1 p2 ->
          let tl = apply_subst s1 tl and tl' = apply_subst s2 tl' in
          List.length tl = List.length tl' &&
          List.for_all2 eq_type tl tl'
      | _ -> false
      end
  | _ ->
      false

type 'a diff = Same of 'a | Diff of 'a * 'a

let trees_of_type_expansion mode Errortrace.{ty = t; expanded = t'} =
  reset_loop_marks ();
  mark_loops t;
  if same_path t t'
  then begin add_delayed (proxy t); Same (tree_of_typexp mode t) end
  else begin
    mark_loops t';
    let t' = if proxy t == proxy t' then unalias t' else t' in
    (* beware order matter due to side effect,
       e.g. when printing object types *)
    let first = tree_of_typexp mode t in
    let second = tree_of_typexp mode t' in
    if first = second then Same first
    else Diff(first,second)
  end

let type_expansion ppf = function
  | Same t -> !Oprint.out_type ppf t
  | Diff(t,t') ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<2>%a@ =@ %a@]"  !Oprint.out_type t  !Oprint.out_type t'

let trees_of_trace mode =
  List.map (Errortrace.map_diff (trees_of_type_expansion mode))

let trees_of_type_path_expansion (tp,tp') =
  if Path.same tp tp' then Same(tree_of_path Type tp) else
    Diff(tree_of_path Type tp, tree_of_path Type tp')

let type_path_expansion ppf = function
  | Same p -> !Oprint.out_ident ppf p
  | Diff(p,p') ->
      fprintf ppf "@[<2>%a@ =@ %a@]"
        !Oprint.out_ident p
        !Oprint.out_ident p'

let rec trace fst txt ppf = function
  | {Errortrace.got; expected} :: rem ->
      if not fst then fprintf ppf "@,";
      fprintf ppf "@[Type@;<1 2>%a@ %s@;<1 2>%a@] %a"
       type_expansion got txt type_expansion expected
       (trace false txt) rem
  | _ -> ()

type printing_status =
  | Discard
  | Keep
  | Optional_refinement
  (** An [Optional_refinement] printing status is attributed to trace
      elements that are focusing on a new subpart of a structural type.
      Since the whole type should have been printed earlier in the trace,
      we only print those elements if they are the last printed element
      of a trace, and there is no explicit explanation for the
      type error.
  *)

let diff_printing_status Errortrace.{ got      = {ty = t1; expanded = t1'};
                                      expected = {ty = t2; expanded = t2'} } =
  if  is_constr_row ~allow_ident:true t1'
   || is_constr_row ~allow_ident:true t2'
  then Discard
  else if same_path t1 t1' && same_path t2 t2' then Optional_refinement
  else Keep

let printing_status = function
  | Errortrace.Diff d -> diff_printing_status d
  | Errortrace.Escape {kind = Constraint} -> Keep
  | _ -> Keep

(** Flatten the trace and remove elements that are always discarded
    during printing *)

(* Takes [printing_status] to change behavior for [Subtype] *)
let prepare_any_trace printing_status tr =
  let clean_trace x l = match printing_status x with
    | Keep -> x :: l
    | Optional_refinement when l = [] -> [x]
    | Optional_refinement | Discard -> l
  in
  match tr with
  | [] -> []
  | elt :: rem -> elt :: List.fold_right clean_trace rem []

let prepare_trace f tr =
  prepare_any_trace printing_status (Errortrace.map f tr)

(** Keep elements that are not [Diff _ ] and take the decision
    for the last element, require a prepared trace *)
let rec filter_trace
          (trace_format : 'variety trace_format)
          keep_last
  : ('a, 'variety) Errortrace.t -> _ = function
  | [] -> []
  | [Errortrace.Diff d as elt]
    when printing_status elt = Optional_refinement ->
    if keep_last then [d] else []
  | Errortrace.Diff d :: rem -> d :: filter_trace trace_format keep_last rem
  | _ :: rem -> filter_trace trace_format keep_last rem

let type_path_list =
  Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:(fun ppf () -> Format.pp_print_break ppf 2 0)
    type_path_expansion

(* Hide variant name and var, to force printing the expanded type *)
let hide_variant_name t =
  match get_desc t with
  | Tvariant row ->
      let Row {fields; more; name; fixed; closed} = row_repr row in
      if name = None then t else
      newty2 ~level:(get_level t)
        (Tvariant
           (create_row ~fields ~fixed ~closed ~name:None
              ~more:(newvar2 (get_level more))))
  | _ -> t

let prepare_expansion Errortrace.{ty; expanded} =
  let expanded = hide_variant_name expanded in
  reserve_names ty;
  if not (same_path ty expanded) then reserve_names expanded;
  Errortrace.{ty; expanded}

let may_prepare_expansion compact (Errortrace.{ty; expanded} as ty_exp) =
  match get_desc expanded with
    Tvariant _ | Tobject _ when compact ->
      reserve_names ty; Errortrace.{ty; expanded = ty}
  | _ -> prepare_expansion ty_exp

let print_path p = Format.dprintf "%a" !Oprint.out_ident (tree_of_path Type p)

let print_tag ppf = fprintf ppf "`%s"

let print_tags =
  let comma ppf () = Format.fprintf ppf ",@ " in
  Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:comma print_tag

let is_unit env ty =
  match get_desc (Ctype.expand_head env ty) with
  | Tconstr (p, _, _) -> Path.same p Predef.path_unit
  | _ -> false

let unifiable env ty1 ty2 =
  let snap = Btype.snapshot () in
  let res =
    try Ctype.unify env ty1 ty2; true
    with Unify _ -> false
  in
  Btype.backtrack snap;
  res

let explanation_diff env t3 t4 : (Format.formatter -> unit) option =
  match get_desc t3, get_desc t4 with
  | Tarrow (_, ty1, ty2, _), _
    when is_unit env ty1 && unifiable env ty2 t4 ->
      Some (fun ppf ->
        fprintf ppf
          "@,@[Hint: Did you forget to provide `()' as argument?@]")
  | _, Tarrow (_, ty1, ty2, _)
    when is_unit env ty1 && unifiable env t3 ty2 ->
      Some (fun ppf ->
        fprintf ppf
          "@,@[Hint: Did you forget to wrap the expression using \
           `fun () ->'?@]")
  | _ ->
      None

let explain_fixed_row_case ppf = function
  | Errortrace.Cannot_be_closed ->
      fprintf ppf "it cannot be closed"
  | Errortrace.Cannot_add_tags tags ->
      fprintf ppf "it may not allow the tag(s) %a" print_tags tags

let explain_fixed_row pos expl = match expl with
  | Fixed_private ->
    dprintf "The %a variant type is private" Errortrace.print_pos pos
  | Univar x ->
    reserve_names x;
    dprintf "The %a variant type is bound to the universal type variable %a"
      Errortrace.print_pos pos type_expr_with_reserved_names x
  | Reified p ->
    dprintf "The %a variant type is bound to %t"
      Errortrace.print_pos pos (print_path p)
  | Rigid -> ignore

let explain_variant (type variety) : variety Errortrace.variant -> _ = function
  (* Common *)
  | Errortrace.Incompatible_types_for s ->
      Some(dprintf "@,Types for tag `%s are incompatible" s)
  (* Unification *)
  | Errortrace.No_intersection ->
      Some(dprintf "@,These two variant types have no intersection")
  | Errortrace.No_tags(pos,fields) -> Some(
      dprintf
        "@,@[The %a variant type does not allow tag(s)@ @[<hov>%a@]@]"
        Errortrace.print_pos pos
        print_tags (List.map fst fields)
    )
  | Errortrace.Fixed_row (pos,
                          k,
                          (Univar _ | Reified _ | Fixed_private as e)) ->
      Some (
        dprintf "@,@[%t,@ %a@]" (explain_fixed_row pos e)
          explain_fixed_row_case k
      )
  | Errortrace.Fixed_row (_,_, Rigid) ->
      (* this case never happens *)
      None
  (* Equality & Moregen *)
  | Errortrace.Presence_not_guaranteed_for (pos, s) -> Some(
      dprintf
        "@,@[The tag `%s is guaranteed to be present in the %a variant type,\
         @ but not in the %a@]"
        s
        Errortrace.print_pos (Errortrace.swap_position pos)
        Errortrace.print_pos pos
    )
  | Errortrace.Openness pos ->
      Some(dprintf "@,The %a variant type is open and the %a is not"
             Errortrace.print_pos pos
             Errortrace.print_pos (Errortrace.swap_position pos))

let explain_escape pre = function
  | Errortrace.Univ u ->
      reserve_names u;
      Some(
        dprintf "%t@,The universal variable %a would escape its scope"
          pre type_expr_with_reserved_names u)
  | Errortrace.Constructor p -> Some(
      dprintf
        "%t@,@[The type constructor@;<1 2>%a@ would escape its scope@]"
        pre path p
    )
  | Errortrace.Module_type p -> Some(
      dprintf
        "%t@,@[The module type@;<1 2>%a@ would escape its scope@]"
        pre path p
    )
  | Errortrace.Equation Errortrace.{ty = _; expanded = t} ->
      reserve_names t;
      Some(
        dprintf "%t @,@[<hov>This instance of %a is ambiguous:@ %s@]"
          pre type_expr_with_reserved_names t
          "it would escape the scope of its equation"
      )
  | Errortrace.Self ->
      Some (dprintf "%t@,Self type cannot escape its class" pre)
  | Errortrace.Constraint ->
      None

let explain_object (type variety) : variety Errortrace.obj -> _ = function
  | Errortrace.Missing_field (pos,f) -> Some(
      dprintf "@,@[The %a object type has no method %s@]"
        Errortrace.print_pos pos f
    )
  | Errortrace.Abstract_row pos -> Some(
      dprintf
        "@,@[The %a object type has an abstract row, it cannot be closed@]"
        Errortrace.print_pos pos
    )
  | Errortrace.Self_cannot_be_closed ->
      Some (dprintf "@,Self type cannot be unified with a closed object type")

let explanation (type variety) intro prev env
  : (Errortrace.expanded_type, variety) Errortrace.elt -> _ = function
  | Errortrace.Diff {got; expected} ->
    explanation_diff env got.expanded expected.expanded
  | Errortrace.Escape {kind; context} ->
    let pre =
      match context, kind, prev with
      | Some ctx, _, _ ->
        reserve_names ctx;
        dprintf "@[%t@;<1 2>%a@]" intro type_expr_with_reserved_names ctx
      | None, Univ _, Some(Errortrace.Incompatible_fields {name; diff}) ->
        reserve_names diff.got;
        reserve_names diff.expected;
        dprintf "@,@[The method %s has type@ %a,@ \
                 but the expected method type was@ %a@]"
          name
          type_expr_with_reserved_names diff.got
          type_expr_with_reserved_names diff.expected
      | _ -> ignore
    in
    explain_escape pre kind
  | Errortrace.Incompatible_fields { name; _ } ->
    Some(dprintf "@,Types for method %s are incompatible" name)
  | Errortrace.Variant v ->
    explain_variant v
  | Errortrace.Obj o ->
    explain_object o
  | Errortrace.Rec_occur(x,y) ->
    reserve_names x;
    reserve_names y;
    begin match get_desc x with
    | Tvar _ | Tunivar _  ->
        Some(fun ppf ->
          reset_loop_marks ();
          mark_loops x;
          mark_loops y;
          dprintf "@,@[<hov>The type variable %a occurs inside@ %a@]"
            prepared_type_expr x prepared_type_expr y
            ppf)
    | _ ->
        (* We had a delayed unification of the type variable with
           a non-variable after the occur check. *)
        Some ignore
        (* There is no need to search further for an explanation, but
           we don't want to print a message of the form:
             {[ The type int occurs inside int list -> 'a |}
        *)
    end

let mismatch intro env trace =
  Errortrace.explain trace (fun ~prev h -> explanation intro prev env h)

let explain mis ppf =
  match mis with
  | None -> ()
  | Some explain -> explain ppf

let warn_on_missing_def env ppf t =
  match get_desc t with
  | Tconstr (p,_,_) ->
    begin
      try
        ignore(Env.find_type p env : Types.type_declaration)
      with Not_found ->
        fprintf ppf
          "@,@[%a is abstract because no corresponding cmi file was found \
           in path.@]" path p
    end
  | _ -> ()

let prepare_expansion_head empty_tr = function
  | Errortrace.Diff d ->
      Some (Errortrace.map_diff (may_prepare_expansion empty_tr) d)
  | _ -> None

let head_error_printer mode txt_got txt_but = function
  | None -> ignore
  | Some d ->
      let d = Errortrace.map_diff (trees_of_type_expansion mode) d in
      dprintf "%t@;<1 2>%a@ %t@;<1 2>%a"
        txt_got type_expansion d.Errortrace.got
        txt_but type_expansion d.Errortrace.expected

let warn_on_missing_defs env ppf = function
  | None -> ()
  | Some Errortrace.{got      = {ty=te1; expanded=_};
                     expected = {ty=te2; expanded=_} } ->
      warn_on_missing_def env ppf te1;
      warn_on_missing_def env ppf te2

(* [subst] comes out of equality, and is [[]] otherwise *)
let error trace_format mode subst env tr txt1 ppf txt2 ty_expect_explanation =
  reset ();
  (* We want to substitute in the opposite order from [Eqtype] *)
  Names.add_subst (List.map (fun (ty1,ty2) -> ty2,ty1) subst);
  let tr =
    prepare_trace
      (fun ty_exp ->
         Errortrace.{ty_exp with expanded = hide_variant_name ty_exp.expanded})
      tr
  in
  let mis = mismatch txt1 env tr in
  match tr with
  | [] -> assert false
  | elt :: tr ->
    try
      print_labels := not !Clflags.classic;
      let tr = filter_trace trace_format (mis = None) tr in
      let head = prepare_expansion_head (tr=[]) elt in
      let tr = List.map (Errortrace.map_diff prepare_expansion) tr in
      let head_error = head_error_printer mode txt1 txt2 head in
      let tr = trees_of_trace mode tr in
      fprintf ppf
        "@[<v>\
          @[%t%t@]%a%t\
         @]"
        head_error
        ty_expect_explanation
        (trace false (incompatibility_phrase trace_format)) tr
        (explain mis);
      if env <> Env.empty
      then warn_on_missing_defs env ppf head;
      Conflicts.print_explanations ppf;
      print_labels := true
    with exn ->
      print_labels := true;
      raise exn

let report_error trace_format ppf mode env tr
      ?(subst = [])
      ?(type_expected_explanation = fun _ -> ())
      txt1 txt2 =
  wrap_printing_env ~error:true env (fun () ->
    error trace_format mode subst env tr txt1 ppf txt2
      type_expected_explanation)

let report_unification_error
      ppf env ({trace} : Errortrace.unification_error) =
  report_error Unification ppf Type env
    ?subst:None trace

let report_equality_error
      ppf mode env ({subst; trace} : Errortrace.equality_error) =
  report_error Equality ppf mode env
    ~subst ?type_expected_explanation:None trace

let report_moregen_error
      ppf mode env ({trace} : Errortrace.moregen_error) =
  report_error Moregen ppf mode env
    ?subst:None ?type_expected_explanation:None trace

let report_comparison_error ppf mode env = function
  | Errortrace.Equality_error error -> report_equality_error ppf mode env error
  | Errortrace.Moregen_error  error -> report_moregen_error  ppf mode env error

module Subtype = struct
  (* There's a frustrating amount of code duplication between this module and
     the outside code, particularly in [prepare_trace] and [filter_trace].
     Unfortunately, [Subtype] is *just* similar enough to have code duplication,
     while being *just* different enough (it's only [Diff]) for the abstraction
     to be nonobvious.  Someday, perhaps... *)

  let printing_status = function
    | Errortrace.Subtype.Diff d -> diff_printing_status d

  let prepare_unification_trace = prepare_trace

  let prepare_trace f tr =
    prepare_any_trace printing_status (Errortrace.Subtype.map f tr)

  let trace filter_trace get_diff fst keep_last txt ppf tr =
    print_labels := not !Clflags.classic;
    try match tr with
      | elt :: tr' ->
        let diffed_elt = get_diff elt in
        let tr =
          trees_of_trace Type
          @@ List.map (Errortrace.map_diff prepare_expansion)
          @@ filter_trace keep_last tr' in
        let tr =
          match fst, diffed_elt with
          | true, Some elt -> elt :: tr
          | _, _ -> tr
        in
        trace fst txt ppf tr;
        print_labels := true
      | _ -> ()
    with exn ->
      print_labels := true;
      raise exn

  let filter_unification_trace = filter_trace Unification

  let rec filter_subtype_trace keep_last = function
    | [] -> []
    | [Errortrace.Subtype.Diff d as elt]
      when printing_status elt = Optional_refinement ->
        if keep_last then [d] else []
    | Errortrace.Subtype.Diff d :: rem ->
        d :: filter_subtype_trace keep_last rem

  let unification_get_diff = function
    | Errortrace.Diff diff ->
        Some (Errortrace.map_diff (trees_of_type_expansion Type) diff)
    | _ -> None

  let subtype_get_diff = function
    | Errortrace.Subtype.Diff diff ->
        Some (Errortrace.map_diff (trees_of_type_expansion Type) diff)

  let report_error
        ppf
        env
        (Errortrace.Subtype.{trace = tr_sub; unification_trace = tr_unif})
        txt1 =
    wrap_printing_env ~error:true env (fun () ->
      reset ();
      let tr_sub = prepare_trace prepare_expansion tr_sub in
      let tr_unif = prepare_unification_trace prepare_expansion tr_unif in
      let keep_first = match tr_unif with
        | [Obj _ | Variant _ | Escape _ ] | [] -> true
        | _ -> false in
      fprintf ppf "@[<v>%a"
        (trace filter_subtype_trace subtype_get_diff true keep_first txt1)
        tr_sub;
      if tr_unif = [] then fprintf ppf "@]" else
        let mis = mismatch (dprintf "Within this type") env tr_unif in
        fprintf ppf "%a%t%t@]"
          (trace filter_unification_trace unification_get_diff false
             (mis = None) "is not compatible with type") tr_unif
          (explain mis)
          Conflicts.print_explanations
    )
end

let report_ambiguous_type_error ppf env tp0 tpl txt1 txt2 txt3 =
  wrap_printing_env ~error:true env (fun () ->
    reset ();
    let tp0 = trees_of_type_path_expansion tp0 in
      match tpl with
      [] -> assert false
    | [tp] ->
        fprintf ppf
          "@[%t@;<1 2>%a@ \
             %t@;<1 2>%a\
           @]"
          txt1 type_path_expansion (trees_of_type_path_expansion tp)
          txt3 type_path_expansion tp0
    | _ ->
        fprintf ppf
          "@[%t@;<1 2>@[<hv>%a@]\
             @ %t@;<1 2>%a\
           @]"
          txt2 type_path_list (List.map trees_of_type_path_expansion tpl)
          txt3 type_path_expansion tp0)

(* Adapt functions to exposed interface *)
let tree_of_path = tree_of_path Other
let tree_of_modtype = tree_of_modtype ~ellipsis:false
let type_expansion mode ppf ty_exp =
  type_expansion ppf (trees_of_type_expansion mode ty_exp)
let tree_of_type_declaration ident td rs =
  with_hidden_items [{hide=true; ident}]
    (fun () -> tree_of_type_declaration ident td rs)