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sonar_data_format.md

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A common sonar data NetCDF file format

Vision

Providing a common file format for storing active sonar data. Active sonar here refers to instruments that send out sounds into water and receive returning echoes. These include ADCP, scientific echosounders, and potentially multi-beam sonar in the future - need to find someone who's experienced with that. Scientific echosounders include Simrad EK60, EK80, ASL AZFP.

Draft format

dimensions --> all common for ADCP and sonar

  • lat
  • lon
  • time [UTC time]
  • depth [m]

variables

  • echo: (time, depth) --> variable attribute: Unit
  • angle_alongship: (time, depth)
  • angle_athwardship: (time, depth)
  • deployment_lat: (time)
  • deployment_lon: (time)
  • heave: (time)
  • roll: (time)
  • pitch: (time)

global attributes --> each file has one set of these

  • sensor_manufacturer
  • sensor_model
  • deployment_info
  • firmware_info
  • software_info
  • metadata
  • first_ping_timestamp --> ADCP: time coverage start, EK: pulled from filename/time of first ping

group attributes --> each group/transducer has one set of these

Stuff related to user setup for each transducer

  • frequency
  • bin_size
  • pulse_length
  • sample_interval
  • bandwidth
  • channel_id --> ADCP: beam, ASL/EK: transceiver number

Stuff related to environment

  • absorption_coeff
  • sound_velocity
  • temperature --> ADCP has it, EK: internal or external temperature

Transducer properties --> for cal

  • transmit_power
  • angle_sensitivity_alongship
  • angle_sensitivity_athwartship
  • angle_offset_alongship
  • angle_offset_athwart
  • beam_type --> categorical: split-beam, single-beam
  • beam_width_alongship
  • beam_width_athwartship
  • equiv_beam_angle
  • gain
  • sa_correction

Transducer placement

  • transducer_depth
  • pos_x, pos_y, pos_z --> ADCP and EK: relative position of each transducer
  • dir_x, dir_y, dir_z --> EK: relative direction of each transducer
  • heading --> ADCP: heading

Stuff that are not necessary

Those from whole file header

  • sounder_name --> sensor model
  • survey_name --> deployment info
  • transducer_count --> not needed
  • transect_name --> X
  • version --> software/firmware

Those from transducer header

  • channel --> X
  • gpt_software_version --> X software info
  • gain_table --> remove, already has gain
  • pulse_length_table --> remove, already has pulse length
  • sa_correction_table --> substitute with sa_correction