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uci.cpp
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uci.cpp
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/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
Copyright (C) 2004-2024 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "uci.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <deque>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include "benchmark.h"
#include "evaluate.h"
#include "movegen.h"
#include "nnue/evaluate_nnue.h"
#include "nnue/nnue_architecture.h"
#include "position.h"
#include "search.h"
#include "syzygy/tbprobe.h"
#include "types.h"
#include "ucioption.h"
namespace Stockfish {
constexpr auto StartFEN = "rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/RNBQKBNR w KQkq - 0 1";
constexpr int NormalizeToPawnValue = 345;
constexpr int MaxHashMB = Is64Bit ? 33554432 : 2048;
UCI::UCI(int argc, char** argv) :
cli(argc, argv) {
evalFiles = {{Eval::NNUE::Big, {"EvalFile", EvalFileDefaultNameBig, "None", ""}},
{Eval::NNUE::Small, {"EvalFileSmall", EvalFileDefaultNameSmall, "None", ""}}};
options["Debug Log File"] << Option("", [](const Option& o) { start_logger(o); });
options["Threads"] << Option(1, 1, 1024, [this](const Option&) {
threads.set({options, threads, tt});
});
options["Hash"] << Option(16, 1, MaxHashMB, [this](const Option& o) {
threads.main_thread()->wait_for_search_finished();
tt.resize(o, options["Threads"]);
});
options["Clear Hash"] << Option([this](const Option&) { search_clear(); });
options["Ponder"] << Option(false);
options["MultiPV"] << Option(1, 1, MAX_MOVES);
options["Skill Level"] << Option(20, 0, 20);
options["Move Overhead"] << Option(10, 0, 5000);
options["nodestime"] << Option(0, 0, 10000);
options["UCI_Chess960"] << Option(false);
options["UCI_LimitStrength"] << Option(false);
options["UCI_Elo"] << Option(1320, 1320, 3190);
options["UCI_ShowWDL"] << Option(false);
options["SyzygyPath"] << Option("<empty>", [](const Option& o) { Tablebases::init(o); });
options["SyzygyProbeDepth"] << Option(1, 1, 100);
options["Syzygy50MoveRule"] << Option(true);
options["SyzygyProbeLimit"] << Option(7, 0, 7);
options["EvalFile"] << Option(EvalFileDefaultNameBig, [this](const Option&) {
evalFiles = Eval::NNUE::load_networks(cli.binaryDirectory, options, evalFiles);
});
threads.set({options, threads, tt});
search_clear(); // After threads are up
}
void UCI::loop() {
Position pos;
std::string token, cmd;
StateListPtr states(new std::deque<StateInfo>(1));
pos.set(StartFEN, false, &states->back());
for (int i = 1; i < cli.argc; ++i)
cmd += std::string(cli.argv[i]) + " ";
do
{
if (cli.argc == 1
&& !getline(std::cin, cmd)) // Wait for an input or an end-of-file (EOF) indication
cmd = "quit";
std::istringstream is(cmd);
token.clear(); // Avoid a stale if getline() returns nothing or a blank line
is >> std::skipws >> token;
if (token == "quit" || token == "stop")
threads.stop = true;
// The GUI sends 'ponderhit' to tell that the user has played the expected move.
// So, 'ponderhit' is sent if pondering was done on the same move that the user
// has played. The search should continue, but should also switch from pondering
// to the normal search.
else if (token == "ponderhit")
threads.main_manager()->ponder = false; // Switch to the normal search
else if (token == "uci")
sync_cout << "id name " << engine_info(true) << "\n"
<< options << "\nuciok" << sync_endl;
else if (token == "setoption")
setoption(is);
else if (token == "go")
go(pos, is, states);
else if (token == "position")
position(pos, is, states);
else if (token == "ucinewgame")
search_clear();
else if (token == "isready")
sync_cout << "readyok" << sync_endl;
// Add custom non-UCI commands, mainly for debugging purposes.
// These commands must not be used during a search!
else if (token == "flip")
pos.flip();
else if (token == "bench")
bench(pos, is, states);
else if (token == "d")
sync_cout << pos << sync_endl;
else if (token == "eval")
trace_eval(pos);
else if (token == "compiler")
sync_cout << compiler_info() << sync_endl;
else if (token == "export_net")
{
std::optional<std::string> filename;
std::string f;
if (is >> std::skipws >> f)
filename = f;
Eval::NNUE::save_eval(filename, Eval::NNUE::Big, evalFiles);
}
else if (token == "--help" || token == "help" || token == "--license" || token == "license")
sync_cout
<< "\nStockfish is a powerful chess engine for playing and analyzing."
"\nIt is released as free software licensed under the GNU GPLv3 License."
"\nStockfish is normally used with a graphical user interface (GUI) and implements"
"\nthe Universal Chess Interface (UCI) protocol to communicate with a GUI, an API, etc."
"\nFor any further information, visit https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish#readme"
"\nor read the corresponding README.md and Copying.txt files distributed along with this program.\n"
<< sync_endl;
else if (!token.empty() && token[0] != '#')
sync_cout << "Unknown command: '" << cmd << "'. Type help for more information."
<< sync_endl;
} while (token != "quit" && cli.argc == 1); // The command-line arguments are one-shot
}
void UCI::go(Position& pos, std::istringstream& is, StateListPtr& states) {
Search::LimitsType limits;
std::string token;
bool ponderMode = false;
limits.startTime = now(); // The search starts as early as possible
while (is >> token)
if (token == "searchmoves") // Needs to be the last command on the line
while (is >> token)
limits.searchmoves.push_back(to_move(pos, token));
else if (token == "wtime")
is >> limits.time[WHITE];
else if (token == "btime")
is >> limits.time[BLACK];
else if (token == "winc")
is >> limits.inc[WHITE];
else if (token == "binc")
is >> limits.inc[BLACK];
else if (token == "movestogo")
is >> limits.movestogo;
else if (token == "depth")
is >> limits.depth;
else if (token == "nodes")
is >> limits.nodes;
else if (token == "movetime")
is >> limits.movetime;
else if (token == "mate")
is >> limits.mate;
else if (token == "perft")
is >> limits.perft;
else if (token == "infinite")
limits.infinite = 1;
else if (token == "ponder")
ponderMode = true;
Eval::NNUE::verify(options, evalFiles);
threads.start_thinking(options, pos, states, limits, ponderMode);
}
void UCI::bench(Position& pos, std::istream& args, StateListPtr& states) {
std::string token;
uint64_t num, nodes = 0, cnt = 1;
std::vector<std::string> list = setup_bench(pos, args);
num = count_if(list.begin(), list.end(),
[](const std::string& s) { return s.find("go ") == 0 || s.find("eval") == 0; });
TimePoint elapsed = now();
for (const auto& cmd : list)
{
std::istringstream is(cmd);
is >> std::skipws >> token;
if (token == "go" || token == "eval")
{
std::cerr << "\nPosition: " << cnt++ << '/' << num << " (" << pos.fen() << ")"
<< std::endl;
if (token == "go")
{
go(pos, is, states);
threads.main_thread()->wait_for_search_finished();
nodes += threads.nodes_searched();
}
else
trace_eval(pos);
}
else if (token == "setoption")
setoption(is);
else if (token == "position")
position(pos, is, states);
else if (token == "ucinewgame")
{
search_clear(); // Search::clear() may take a while
elapsed = now();
}
}
elapsed = now() - elapsed + 1; // Ensure positivity to avoid a 'divide by zero'
dbg_print();
std::cerr << "\n==========================="
<< "\nTotal time (ms) : " << elapsed << "\nNodes searched : " << nodes
<< "\nNodes/second : " << 1000 * nodes / elapsed << std::endl;
}
void UCI::trace_eval(Position& pos) {
StateListPtr states(new std::deque<StateInfo>(1));
Position p;
p.set(pos.fen(), options["UCI_Chess960"], &states->back());
Eval::NNUE::verify(options, evalFiles);
sync_cout << "\n" << Eval::trace(p) << sync_endl;
}
void UCI::search_clear() {
threads.main_thread()->wait_for_search_finished();
tt.clear(options["Threads"]);
threads.clear();
Tablebases::init(options["SyzygyPath"]); // Free mapped files
}
void UCI::setoption(std::istringstream& is) {
threads.main_thread()->wait_for_search_finished();
options.setoption(is);
}
void UCI::position(Position& pos, std::istringstream& is, StateListPtr& states) {
Move m;
std::string token, fen;
is >> token;
if (token == "startpos")
{
fen = StartFEN;
is >> token; // Consume the "moves" token, if any
}
else if (token == "fen")
while (is >> token && token != "moves")
fen += token + " ";
else
return;
states = StateListPtr(new std::deque<StateInfo>(1)); // Drop the old state and create a new one
pos.set(fen, options["UCI_Chess960"], &states->back());
// Parse the move list, if any
while (is >> token && (m = to_move(pos, token)) != Move::none())
{
states->emplace_back();
pos.do_move(m, states->back());
}
}
int UCI::to_cp(Value v) { return 100 * v / NormalizeToPawnValue; }
std::string UCI::value(Value v) {
assert(-VALUE_INFINITE < v && v < VALUE_INFINITE);
std::stringstream ss;
if (std::abs(v) < VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY)
ss << "cp " << to_cp(v);
else if (std::abs(v) <= VALUE_TB)
{
const int ply = VALUE_TB - std::abs(v); // recompute ss->ply
ss << "cp " << (v > 0 ? 20000 - ply : -20000 + ply);
}
else
ss << "mate " << (v > 0 ? VALUE_MATE - v + 1 : -VALUE_MATE - v) / 2;
return ss.str();
}
std::string UCI::square(Square s) {
return std::string{char('a' + file_of(s)), char('1' + rank_of(s))};
}
std::string UCI::move(Move m, bool chess960) {
if (m == Move::none())
return "(none)";
if (m == Move::null())
return "0000";
Square from = m.from_sq();
Square to = m.to_sq();
if (m.type_of() == CASTLING && !chess960)
to = make_square(to > from ? FILE_G : FILE_C, rank_of(from));
std::string move = square(from) + square(to);
if (m.type_of() == PROMOTION)
move += " pnbrqk"[m.promotion_type()];
return move;
}
std::string UCI::pv(const Search::Worker& workerThread,
TimePoint elapsed,
uint64_t nodesSearched,
uint64_t tb_hits,
int hashfull,
bool rootInTB) {
std::stringstream ss;
TimePoint time = elapsed + 1;
const auto& rootMoves = workerThread.rootMoves;
const auto& depth = workerThread.completedDepth;
const auto& pos = workerThread.rootPos;
size_t pvIdx = workerThread.pvIdx;
size_t multiPV = std::min(size_t(workerThread.options["MultiPV"]), rootMoves.size());
uint64_t tbHits = tb_hits + (rootInTB ? rootMoves.size() : 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < multiPV; ++i)
{
bool updated = rootMoves[i].score != -VALUE_INFINITE;
if (depth == 1 && !updated && i > 0)
continue;
Depth d = updated ? depth : std::max(1, depth - 1);
Value v = updated ? rootMoves[i].uciScore : rootMoves[i].previousScore;
if (v == -VALUE_INFINITE)
v = VALUE_ZERO;
bool tb = rootInTB && std::abs(v) <= VALUE_TB;
v = tb ? rootMoves[i].tbScore : v;
if (ss.rdbuf()->in_avail()) // Not at first line
ss << "\n";
ss << "info"
<< " depth " << d << " seldepth " << rootMoves[i].selDepth << " multipv " << i + 1
<< " score " << value(v);
if (workerThread.options["UCI_ShowWDL"])
ss << wdl(v, pos.game_ply());
if (i == pvIdx && !tb && updated) // tablebase- and previous-scores are exact
ss << (rootMoves[i].scoreLowerbound
? " lowerbound"
: (rootMoves[i].scoreUpperbound ? " upperbound" : ""));
ss << " nodes " << nodesSearched << " nps " << nodesSearched * 1000 / time << " hashfull "
<< hashfull << " tbhits " << tbHits << " time " << time << " pv";
for (Move m : rootMoves[i].pv)
ss << " " << move(m, pos.is_chess960());
}
return ss.str();
}
namespace {
// The win rate model returns the probability of winning (in per mille units) given an
// eval and a game ply. It fits the LTC fishtest statistics rather accurately.
int win_rate_model(Value v, int ply) {
// The fitted model only uses data for moves in [8, 120], and is anchored at move 32.
double m = std::clamp(ply / 2 + 1, 8, 120) / 32.0;
// The coefficients of a third-order polynomial fit is based on the fishtest data
// for two parameters that need to transform eval to the argument of a logistic
// function.
constexpr double as[] = {-2.00568292, 10.45906746, 1.67438883, 334.45864705};
constexpr double bs[] = {-4.97134419, 36.15096345, -82.25513499, 117.35186805};
// Enforce that NormalizeToPawnValue corresponds to a 50% win rate at move 32.
static_assert(NormalizeToPawnValue == int(0.5 + as[0] + as[1] + as[2] + as[3]));
double a = (((as[0] * m + as[1]) * m + as[2]) * m) + as[3];
double b = (((bs[0] * m + bs[1]) * m + bs[2]) * m) + bs[3];
// Return the win rate in per mille units, rounded to the nearest integer.
return int(0.5 + 1000 / (1 + std::exp((a - double(v)) / b)));
}
}
std::string UCI::wdl(Value v, int ply) {
std::stringstream ss;
int wdl_w = win_rate_model(v, ply);
int wdl_l = win_rate_model(-v, ply);
int wdl_d = 1000 - wdl_w - wdl_l;
ss << " wdl " << wdl_w << " " << wdl_d << " " << wdl_l;
return ss.str();
}
Move UCI::to_move(const Position& pos, std::string& str) {
if (str.length() == 5)
str[4] = char(tolower(str[4])); // The promotion piece character must be lowercased
for (const auto& m : MoveList<LEGAL>(pos))
if (str == move(m, pos.is_chess960()))
return m;
return Move::none();
}
} // namespace Stockfish