oj.c

// Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Ohler. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for license details.

#include "oj.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "dump.h"
#include "encode.h"
#include "intern.h"
#include "odd.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "rails.h"

typedef struct _yesNoOpt {
    VALUE sym;
    char *attr;
} * YesNoOpt;

void Init_oj();

VALUE Oj = Qnil;

ID oj_add_value_id;
ID oj_array_append_id;
ID oj_array_end_id;
ID oj_array_start_id;
ID oj_as_json_id;
ID oj_begin_id;
ID oj_bigdecimal_id;
ID oj_end_id;
ID oj_exclude_end_id;
ID oj_error_id;
ID oj_file_id;
ID oj_fileno_id;
ID oj_ftype_id;
ID oj_hash_end_id;
ID oj_hash_key_id;
ID oj_hash_set_id;
ID oj_hash_start_id;
ID oj_iconv_id;
ID oj_instance_variables_id;
ID oj_json_create_id;
ID oj_length_id;
ID oj_new_id;
ID oj_parse_id;
ID oj_pos_id;
ID oj_raw_json_id;
ID oj_read_id;
ID oj_readpartial_id;
ID oj_replace_id;
ID oj_stat_id;
ID oj_string_id;
ID oj_to_h_id;
ID oj_to_hash_id;
ID oj_to_json_id;
ID oj_to_s_id;
ID oj_to_sym_id;
ID oj_to_time_id;
ID oj_tv_nsec_id;
ID oj_tv_sec_id;
ID oj_tv_usec_id;
ID oj_utc_id;
ID oj_utc_offset_id;
ID oj_utcq_id;
ID oj_write_id;

VALUE oj_bag_class;
VALUE oj_bigdecimal_class;
VALUE oj_cstack_class;
VALUE oj_date_class;
VALUE oj_datetime_class;
VALUE oj_enumerable_class;
VALUE oj_parse_error_class;
VALUE oj_stream_writer_class;
VALUE oj_string_writer_class;
VALUE oj_stringio_class;
VALUE oj_struct_class;

VALUE oj_slash_string;

VALUE oj_allow_nan_sym;
VALUE oj_array_class_sym;
VALUE oj_create_additions_sym;
VALUE oj_decimal_class_sym;
VALUE oj_hash_class_sym;
VALUE oj_indent_sym;
VALUE oj_object_class_sym;
VALUE oj_quirks_mode_sym;
VALUE oj_safe_sym;
VALUE oj_symbolize_names_sym;
VALUE oj_trace_sym;

static VALUE allow_blank_sym;
static VALUE allow_gc_sym;
static VALUE allow_invalid_unicode_sym;
static VALUE ascii_sym;
static VALUE auto_define_sym;
static VALUE auto_sym;
static VALUE bigdecimal_as_decimal_sym;
static VALUE bigdecimal_load_sym;
static VALUE bigdecimal_sym;
static VALUE cache_keys_sym;
static VALUE cache_str_sym;
static VALUE cache_string_sym;
static VALUE circular_sym;
static VALUE class_cache_sym;
static VALUE compat_bigdecimal_sym;
static VALUE compat_sym;
static VALUE create_id_sym;
static VALUE custom_sym;
static VALUE empty_string_sym;
static VALUE escape_mode_sym;
static VALUE integer_range_sym;
static VALUE fast_sym;
static VALUE float_prec_sym;
static VALUE float_sym;
static VALUE huge_sym;
static VALUE ignore_sym;
static VALUE ignore_under_sym;
static VALUE json_sym;
static VALUE match_string_sym;
static VALUE mode_sym;
static VALUE nan_sym;
static VALUE newline_sym;
static VALUE nilnil_sym;
static VALUE null_sym;
static VALUE object_sym;
static VALUE omit_nil_sym;
static VALUE rails_sym;
static VALUE raise_sym;
static VALUE ruby_sym;
static VALUE sec_prec_sym;
static VALUE strict_sym;
static VALUE symbol_keys_sym;
static VALUE time_format_sym;
static VALUE unicode_xss_sym;
static VALUE unix_sym;
static VALUE unix_zone_sym;
static VALUE use_as_json_sym;
static VALUE use_raw_json_sym;
static VALUE use_to_hash_sym;
static VALUE use_to_json_sym;
static VALUE wab_sym;
static VALUE word_sym;
static VALUE xmlschema_sym;
static VALUE xss_safe_sym;

rb_encoding *oj_utf8_encoding = 0;
int oj_utf8_encoding_index = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
pthread_mutex_t oj_cache_mutex;
#else
VALUE oj_cache_mutex = Qnil;
#endif

extern void oj_parser_init();

const char oj_json_class[] = "json_class";

struct _options oj_default_options = {
    0,              // indent
    No,             // circular
    No,             // auto_define
    No,             // sym_key
    JSONEsc,        // escape_mode
    ObjectMode,     // mode
    Yes,            // class_cache
    UnixTime,       // time_format
    NotSet,         // bigdec_as_num
    AutoDec,        // bigdec_load
    false,          // compat_bigdec
    No,             // to_hash
    No,             // to_json
    No,             // as_json
    No,             // raw_json
    No,             // nilnil
    Yes,            // empty_string
    Yes,            // allow_gc
    Yes,            // quirks_mode
    No,             // allow_invalid
    No,             // create_ok
    Yes,            // allow_nan
    No,             // trace
    No,             // safe
    false,          // sec_prec_set
    No,             // ignore_under
    Yes,            // cache_keys
    0,              // cache_str
    0,              // int_range_min
    0,              // int_range_max
    oj_json_class,  // create_id
    10,             // create_id_len
    9,              // sec_prec
    16,             // float_prec
    "%0.15g",       // float_fmt
    Qnil,           // hash_class
    Qnil,           // array_class
    {
        // dump_opts
        false,      // use
        "",         // indent
        "",         // before_sep
        "",         // after_sep
        "",         // hash_nl
        "",         // array_nl
        0,          // indent_size
        0,          // before_size
        0,          // after_size
        0,          // hash_size
        0,          // array_size
        AutoNan,    // nan_dump
        false,      // omit_nil
        MAX_DEPTH,  // max_depth
    },
    {
        // str_rx
        NULL,    // head
        NULL,    // tail
        {'\0'},  // err
    },
    NULL,  // ignore
};

/* Document-method: default_options()
 *	call-seq: default_options()
 *
 * Returns the default load and dump options as a Hash. The options are
 * - *:indent* [_Fixnum_|_String_|_nil_] number of spaces to indent each element in an JSON
 *document, zero or nil is no newline between JSON elements, negative indicates no newline between
 *top level JSON elements in a stream, a String indicates the string should be used for indentation
 * - *:circular* [_Boolean_|_nil_] support circular references while dumping as well as shared
 *references
 * - *:auto_define* [_Boolean_|_nil_] automatically define classes if they do not exist
 * - *:symbol_keys* [_Boolean_|_nil_] use symbols instead of strings for hash keys
 * - *:escape_mode* [_:newline_|_:json_|_:xss_safe_|_:ascii_|_unicode_xss_|_nil_] determines the
 *characters to escape
 * - *:class_cache* [_Boolean_|_nil_] cache classes for faster parsing (if dynamically modifying
 *classes or reloading classes then don't use this)
 * - *:mode* [_:object_|_:strict_|_:compat_|_:null_|_:custom_|_:rails_|_:wab_] load and dump modes
 *to use for JSON
 * - *:time_format* [_:unix_|_:unix_zone_|_:xmlschema_|_:ruby_] time format when dumping
 * - *:bigdecimal_as_decimal* [_Boolean_|_nil_] dump BigDecimal as a decimal number or as a String
 * - *:bigdecimal_load* [_:bigdecimal_|_:float_|_:auto_|_:fast_] load decimals as BigDecimal instead
 *of as a Float. :auto pick the most precise for the number of digits. :float should be the same as
 *ruby. :fast may require rounding but is must faster.
 * - *:compat_bigdecimal* [_true_|_false_] load decimals as BigDecimal instead of as a Float when in
 *compat or rails mode.
 * - *:create_id* [_String_|_nil_] create id for json compatible object encoding, default is
 *'json_class'
 * - *:create_additions* [_Boolean_|_nil_] if true allow creation of instances using create_id on
 *load.
 * - *:second_precision* [_Fixnum_|_nil_] number of digits after the decimal when dumping the
 *seconds portion of time
 * - *:float_precision* [_Fixnum_|_nil_] number of digits of precision when dumping floats, 0
 *indicates use Ruby
 * - *:use_to_json* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call to_json() methods on dump, default is false
 * - *:use_as_json* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call as_json() methods on dump, default is false
 * - *:use_raw_json* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call raw_json() methods on dump, default is false
 * - *:nilnil* [_Boolean_|_nil_] if true a nil input to load will return nil and not raise an
 *Exception
 * - *:empty_string* [_Boolean_|_nil_] if true an empty input will not raise an Exception
 * - *:allow_gc* [_Boolean_|_nil_] allow or prohibit GC during parsing, default is true (allow)
 * - *:quirks_mode* [_true,_|_false_|_nil_] Allow single JSON values instead of documents, default
 *is true (allow)
 * - *:allow_invalid_unicode* [_true,_|_false_|_nil_] Allow invalid unicode, default is false (don't
 *allow)
 * - *:allow_nan* [_true,_|_false_|_nil_] Allow Nan, Infinity, and -Infinity to be parsed, default
 *is true (allow)
 * - *:indent_str* [_String_|_nil_] String to use for indentation, overriding the indent option is
 *not nil
 * - *:space* [_String_|_nil_] String to use for the space after the colon in JSON object fields
 * - *:space_before* [_String_|_nil_] String to use before the colon separator in JSON object fields
 * - *:object_nl* [_String_|_nil_] String to use after a JSON object field value
 * - *:array_nl* [_String_|_nil_] String to use after a JSON array value
 * - *:nan* [_:null_|_:huge_|_:word_|_:raise_|_:auto_] how to dump Infinity and NaN. :null places a
 *null, :huge places a huge number, :word places Infinity or NaN, :raise raises and exception, :auto
 *uses default for each mode.
 * - *:hash_class* [_Class_|_nil_] Class to use instead of Hash on load, :object_class can also be
 *used
 * - *:array_class* [_Class_|_nil_] Class to use instead of Array on load
 * - *:omit_nil* [_true_|_false_] if true Hash and Object attributes with nil values are omitted
 * - *:ignore* [_nil_|_Array_] either nil or an Array of classes to ignore when dumping
 * - *:ignore_under* [_Boolean_] if true then attributes that start with _ are ignored when dumping in
 *object or custom mode.
 * - *:cache_keys* [_Boolean_] if true then hash keys are cached if less than 35 bytes.
 * - *:cache_str* [_Fixnum_] maximum string value length to cache (strings less than this are cached)
 * - *:integer_range* [_Range_] Dump integers outside range as strings.
 * - *:trace* [_true,_|_false_] Trace all load and dump calls, default is false (trace is off)
 * - *:safe* [_true,_|_false_] Safe mimic breaks JSON mimic to be safer, default is false (safe is
 *off)
 *
 * Return [_Hash_] all current option settings.
 */
static VALUE get_def_opts(VALUE self) {
    VALUE opts = rb_hash_new();

    if (0 == oj_default_options.dump_opts.indent_size) {
        rb_hash_aset(opts, oj_indent_sym, INT2FIX(oj_default_options.indent));
    } else {
        rb_hash_aset(opts, oj_indent_sym, rb_str_new2(oj_default_options.dump_opts.indent_str));
    }
    rb_hash_aset(opts, sec_prec_sym, INT2FIX(oj_default_options.sec_prec));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 circular_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.circular) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.circular) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        class_cache_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.class_cache) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.class_cache) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        auto_define_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.auto_define) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.auto_define) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 symbol_keys_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.sym_key) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.sym_key) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        bigdecimal_as_decimal_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.bigdec_as_num) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.bigdec_as_num) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_create_additions_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.create_ok) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.create_ok) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 use_to_json_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.to_json) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.to_json) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 use_to_hash_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.to_hash) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.to_hash) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 use_as_json_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.as_json) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.as_json) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 use_raw_json_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.raw_json) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.raw_json) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 nilnil_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.nilnil) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.nilnil) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        empty_string_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.empty_string) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.empty_string) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 allow_gc_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.allow_gc) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.allow_gc) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_quirks_mode_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.quirks_mode) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.quirks_mode) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        allow_invalid_unicode_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.allow_invalid) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.allow_invalid) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_allow_nan_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.allow_nan) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.allow_nan) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 oj_trace_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.trace) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.trace) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 oj_safe_sym,
                 (Yes == oj_default_options.safe) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.safe) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(opts, float_prec_sym, INT2FIX(oj_default_options.float_prec));
    rb_hash_aset(opts, cache_str_sym, INT2FIX(oj_default_options.cache_str));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        ignore_under_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.ignore_under) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.ignore_under) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        cache_keys_sym,
        (Yes == oj_default_options.cache_keys) ? Qtrue : ((No == oj_default_options.cache_keys) ? Qfalse : Qnil));
    switch (oj_default_options.mode) {
    case StrictMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, strict_sym); break;
    case CompatMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, compat_sym); break;
    case NullMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, null_sym); break;
    case ObjectMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, object_sym); break;
    case CustomMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, custom_sym); break;
    case RailsMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, rails_sym); break;
    case WabMode: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, wab_sym); break;
    default: rb_hash_aset(opts, mode_sym, object_sym); break;
    }

    if (oj_default_options.int_range_max != 0 || oj_default_options.int_range_min != 0) {
        VALUE range = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cRange);
        VALUE min   = LONG2FIX(oj_default_options.int_range_min);
        VALUE max   = LONG2FIX(oj_default_options.int_range_max);

        rb_ivar_set(range, oj_begin_id, min);
        rb_ivar_set(range, oj_end_id, max);
        rb_hash_aset(opts, integer_range_sym, range);
    } else {
        rb_hash_aset(opts, integer_range_sym, Qnil);
    }
    switch (oj_default_options.escape_mode) {
    case NLEsc: rb_hash_aset(opts, escape_mode_sym, newline_sym); break;
    case JSONEsc: rb_hash_aset(opts, escape_mode_sym, json_sym); break;
    case XSSEsc: rb_hash_aset(opts, escape_mode_sym, xss_safe_sym); break;
    case ASCIIEsc: rb_hash_aset(opts, escape_mode_sym, ascii_sym); break;
    case JXEsc: rb_hash_aset(opts, escape_mode_sym, unicode_xss_sym); break;
    default: rb_hash_aset(opts, escape_mode_sym, json_sym); break;
    }
    switch (oj_default_options.time_format) {
    case XmlTime: rb_hash_aset(opts, time_format_sym, xmlschema_sym); break;
    case RubyTime: rb_hash_aset(opts, time_format_sym, ruby_sym); break;
    case UnixZTime: rb_hash_aset(opts, time_format_sym, unix_zone_sym); break;
    case UnixTime:
    default: rb_hash_aset(opts, time_format_sym, unix_sym); break;
    }
    switch (oj_default_options.bigdec_load) {
    case BigDec: rb_hash_aset(opts, bigdecimal_load_sym, bigdecimal_sym); break;
    case FloatDec: rb_hash_aset(opts, bigdecimal_load_sym, float_sym); break;
    case FastDec: rb_hash_aset(opts, bigdecimal_load_sym, fast_sym); break;
    case AutoDec:
    default: rb_hash_aset(opts, bigdecimal_load_sym, auto_sym); break;
    }
    rb_hash_aset(opts, compat_bigdecimal_sym, oj_default_options.compat_bigdec ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
    rb_hash_aset(opts,
                 create_id_sym,
                 (NULL == oj_default_options.create_id) ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(oj_default_options.create_id));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_space_sym,
        (0 == oj_default_options.dump_opts.after_size) ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(oj_default_options.dump_opts.after_sep));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_space_before_sym,
        (0 == oj_default_options.dump_opts.before_size) ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(oj_default_options.dump_opts.before_sep));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_object_nl_sym,
        (0 == oj_default_options.dump_opts.hash_size) ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(oj_default_options.dump_opts.hash_nl));
    rb_hash_aset(
        opts,
        oj_array_nl_sym,
        (0 == oj_default_options.dump_opts.array_size) ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(oj_default_options.dump_opts.array_nl));

    switch (oj_default_options.dump_opts.nan_dump) {
    case NullNan: rb_hash_aset(opts, nan_sym, null_sym); break;
    case RaiseNan: rb_hash_aset(opts, nan_sym, raise_sym); break;
    case WordNan: rb_hash_aset(opts, nan_sym, word_sym); break;
    case HugeNan: rb_hash_aset(opts, nan_sym, huge_sym); break;
    case AutoNan:
    default: rb_hash_aset(opts, nan_sym, auto_sym); break;
    }
    rb_hash_aset(opts, omit_nil_sym, oj_default_options.dump_opts.omit_nil ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
    rb_hash_aset(opts, oj_hash_class_sym, oj_default_options.hash_class);
    rb_hash_aset(opts, oj_array_class_sym, oj_default_options.array_class);

    if (NULL == oj_default_options.ignore) {
        rb_hash_aset(opts, ignore_sym, Qnil);
    } else {
        VALUE *        vp;
        volatile VALUE a = rb_ary_new();

        for (vp = oj_default_options.ignore; Qnil != *vp; vp++) {
            rb_ary_push(a, *vp);
        }
        rb_hash_aset(opts, ignore_sym, a);
    }
    return opts;
}

/* Document-method: default_options=
 *	call-seq: default_options=(opts)
 *
 * Sets the default options for load and dump.
 * - *opts* [_Hash_] options to change
 *   - *:indent* [_Fixnum_|_String_|_nil_] number of spaces to indent each element in a JSON
 *document or the String to use for indentation.
 *   - :circular [_Boolean_|_nil_] support circular references while dumping.
 *   - *:auto_define* [_Boolean_|_nil_] automatically define classes if they do not exist.
 *   - *:symbol_keys* [_Boolean_|_nil_] convert hash keys to symbols.
 *   - *:class_cache* [_Boolean_|_nil_] cache classes for faster parsing.
 *   - *:escape* [_:newline_|_:json_|_:xss_safe_|_:ascii_|_unicode_xss_|_nil_] mode encodes all
 *high-bit characters as escaped sequences if :ascii, :json is standand UTF-8 JSON encoding,
 *:newline is the same as :json but newlines are not escaped, :unicode_xss allows unicode but
 *escapes &, <, and >, and any \u20xx characters along with some others, and :xss_safe escapes &, <,
 *and >, and some others.
 *   - *:bigdecimal_as_decimal* [_Boolean_|_nil_] dump BigDecimal as a decimal number or as a
 *String.
 *   - *:bigdecimal_load* [_:bigdecimal_|_:float_|_:auto_|_nil_] load decimals as BigDecimal instead
 *of as a Float. :auto pick the most precise for the number of digits.
 *   - *:compat_bigdecimal* [_true_|_false_] load decimals as BigDecimal instead of as a Float in
 *compat mode.
 *   - *:mode* [_:object_|_:strict_|_:compat_|_:null_|_:custom_|_:rails_|_:wab_] load and dump mode
 *to use for JSON :strict raises an exception when a non-supported Object is encountered. :compat
 *attempts to extract variable values from an Object using to_json() or to_hash() then it walks the
 *Object's variables if neither is found. The :object mode ignores to_hash() and to_json() methods
 *and encodes variables using code internal to the Oj gem. The :null mode ignores non-supported
 *Objects and replaces them with a null. The :custom mode honors all dump options. The :rails more
 *mimics rails and Active behavior.
 *   - *:time_format* [_:unix_|_:xmlschema_|_:ruby_] time format when dumping in :compat mode :unix
 *decimal number denoting the number of seconds since 1/1/1970, :unix_zone decimal number denoting
 *the number of seconds since 1/1/1970 plus the utc_offset in the exponent, :xmlschema date-time
 *format taken from XML Schema as a String, :ruby Time.to_s formatted String.
 *   - *:create_id* [_String_|_nil_] create id for json compatible object encoding
 *   - *:create_additions* [_Boolean_|_nil_] if true allow creation of instances using create_id on
 *load.
 *   - *:second_precision* [_Fixnum_|_nil_] number of digits after the decimal when dumping the
 *seconds portion of time.
 *   - *:float_precision* [_Fixnum_|_nil_] number of digits of precision when dumping floats, 0
 *indicates use Ruby.
 *   - *:use_to_json* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call to_json() methods on dump, default is false.
 *   - *:use_as_json* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call as_json() methods on dump, default is false.
 *   - *:use_to_hash* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call to_hash() methods on dump, default is false.
 *   - *:use_raw_json* [_Boolean_|_nil_] call raw_json() methods on dump, default is false.
 *   - *:nilnil* [_Boolean_|_nil_] if true a nil input to load will return nil and not raise an
 *Exception.
 *   - *:allow_gc* [_Boolean_|_nil_] allow or prohibit GC during parsing, default is true (allow).
 *   - *:quirks_mode* [_Boolean_|_nil_] allow single JSON values instead of documents, default is
 *true (allow).
 *   - *:allow_invalid_unicode* [_Boolean_|_nil_] allow invalid unicode, default is false (don't
 *allow).
 *   - *:allow_nan* [_Boolean_|_nil_] allow Nan, Infinity, and -Infinity, default is true (allow).
 *   - *:space* [_String_|_nil_] String to use for the space after the colon in JSON object fields.
 *   - *:space_before* [_String_|_nil_] String to use before the colon separator in JSON object
 *fields.
 *   - *:object_nl* [_String_|_nil_] String to use after a JSON object field value.
 *   - *:array_nl* [_String_|_nil_] String to use after a JSON array value
 *   - *:nan* [_:null_|_:huge_|_:word_|_:raise_] how to dump Infinity and NaN in null, strict, and
 *compat mode. :null places a null, :huge places a huge number, :word places Infinity or NaN, :raise
 *raises and exception, :auto uses default for each mode.
 *   - *:hash_class* [_Class_|_nil_] Class to use instead of Hash on load, :object_class can also be
 *used.
 *   - *:array_class* [_Class_|_nil_] Class to use instead of Array on load.
 *   - *:omit_nil* [_true_|_false_] if true Hash and Object attributes with nil values are omitted.
 *   - *:ignore* [_nil_|Array] either nil or an Array of classes to ignore when dumping
 *   - *:ignore_under* [_Boolean_] if true then attributes that start with _ are ignored when
 *dumping in object or custom mode.
 *   - *:cache_keys* [_Boolean_] if true then hash keys are cached
 *   - *:cache_str* [_Fixnum_] maximum string value length to cache (strings less than this are cached)
 *   - *:integer_range* [_Range_] Dump integers outside range as strings.
 *   - *:trace* [_Boolean_] turn trace on or off.
 *   - *:safe* [_Boolean_] turn safe mimic on or off.
 */
static VALUE set_def_opts(VALUE self, VALUE opts) {
    Check_Type(opts, T_HASH);
    oj_parse_options(opts, &oj_default_options);

    return Qnil;
}

bool oj_hash_has_key(VALUE hash, VALUE key) {
    if (Qundef == rb_hash_lookup2(hash, key, Qundef)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool set_yesno_options(VALUE key, VALUE value, Options copts) {
    struct _yesNoOpt ynos[] = {{circular_sym, &copts->circular},
                               {auto_define_sym, &copts->auto_define},
                               {symbol_keys_sym, &copts->sym_key},
                               {class_cache_sym, &copts->class_cache},
                               {bigdecimal_as_decimal_sym, &copts->bigdec_as_num},
                               {use_to_hash_sym, &copts->to_hash},
                               {use_to_json_sym, &copts->to_json},
                               {use_as_json_sym, &copts->as_json},
                               {use_raw_json_sym, &copts->raw_json},
                               {nilnil_sym, &copts->nilnil},
                               {allow_blank_sym, &copts->nilnil},  // same as nilnil
                               {empty_string_sym, &copts->empty_string},
                               {allow_gc_sym, &copts->allow_gc},
                               {oj_quirks_mode_sym, &copts->quirks_mode},
                               {allow_invalid_unicode_sym, &copts->allow_invalid},
                               {oj_allow_nan_sym, &copts->allow_nan},
                               {oj_trace_sym, &copts->trace},
                               {oj_safe_sym, &copts->safe},
                               {ignore_under_sym, &copts->ignore_under},
                               {oj_create_additions_sym, &copts->create_ok},
                               {cache_keys_sym, &copts->cache_keys},
                               {Qnil, 0}};
    YesNoOpt         o;

    for (o = ynos; 0 != o->attr; o++) {
        if (key == o->sym) {
            if (Qnil == value) {
                *o->attr = NotSet;
            } else if (Qtrue == value) {
                *o->attr = Yes;
            } else if (Qfalse == value) {
                *o->attr = No;
            } else {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s must be true, false, or nil.", rb_id2name(key));
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static int parse_options_cb(VALUE k, VALUE v, VALUE opts) {
    Options copts = (Options)opts;
    size_t  len;

    if (set_yesno_options(k, v, copts)) {
        return ST_CONTINUE;
    }

    if (oj_indent_sym == k) {
        switch (rb_type(v)) {
        case T_NIL:
            copts->dump_opts.indent_size = 0;
            *copts->dump_opts.indent_str = '\0';
            copts->indent                = 0;
            break;
        case T_FIXNUM:
            copts->dump_opts.indent_size = 0;
            *copts->dump_opts.indent_str = '\0';
            copts->indent                = FIX2INT(v);
            break;
        case T_STRING:
            if (sizeof(copts->dump_opts.indent_str) <= (len = RSTRING_LEN(v))) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                         "indent string is limited to %lu characters.",
                         (unsigned long)sizeof(copts->dump_opts.indent_str));
            }
            strcpy(copts->dump_opts.indent_str, StringValuePtr(v));
            copts->dump_opts.indent_size = (uint8_t)len;
            copts->indent                = 0;
            break;
        default: rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "indent must be a Fixnum, String, or nil."); break;
        }
    } else if (float_prec_sym == k) {
        int n;

#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
        if (rb_cInteger != rb_obj_class(v)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":float_precision must be a Integer.");
        }
#else
        if (T_FIXNUM != rb_type(v)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":float_precision must be a Fixnum.");
        }
#endif
        n = FIX2INT(v);
        if (0 >= n) {
            *copts->float_fmt = '\0';
            copts->float_prec = 0;
        } else {
            if (20 < n) {
                n = 20;
            }
            sprintf(copts->float_fmt, "%%0.%dg", n);
            copts->float_prec = n;
        }
    } else if (cache_str_sym == k || cache_string_sym == k) {
        int n;

#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
        if (rb_cInteger != rb_obj_class(v)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":cache_str must be a Integer.");
        }
#else
        if (T_FIXNUM != rb_type(v)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":cache_str must be a Fixnum.");
        }
#endif
        n = FIX2INT(v);
        if (0 >= n) {
            copts->cache_str = 0;
        } else {
            if (32 < n) {
                n = 32;
            }
            copts->cache_str = (char)n;
        }
    } else if (sec_prec_sym == k) {
        int n;

#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
        if (rb_cInteger != rb_obj_class(v)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":second_precision must be a Integer.");
        }
#else
        if (T_FIXNUM != rb_type(v)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":second_precision must be a Fixnum.");
        }
#endif
        n = NUM2INT(v);
        if (0 > n) {
            n                   = 0;
            copts->sec_prec_set = false;
        } else if (9 < n) {
            n                   = 9;
            copts->sec_prec_set = true;
        } else {
            copts->sec_prec_set = true;
        }
        copts->sec_prec = n;
    } else if (mode_sym == k) {
        if (wab_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = WabMode;
        } else if (object_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = ObjectMode;
        } else if (strict_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = StrictMode;
        } else if (compat_sym == v || json_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = CompatMode;
        } else if (null_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = NullMode;
        } else if (custom_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = CustomMode;
        } else if (rails_sym == v) {
            copts->mode = RailsMode;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":mode must be :object, :strict, :compat, :null, :custom, :rails, or :wab.");
        }
    } else if (time_format_sym == k) {
        if (unix_sym == v) {
            copts->time_format = UnixTime;
        } else if (unix_zone_sym == v) {
            copts->time_format = UnixZTime;
        } else if (xmlschema_sym == v) {
            copts->time_format = XmlTime;
        } else if (ruby_sym == v) {
            copts->time_format = RubyTime;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":time_format must be :unix, :unix_zone, :xmlschema, or :ruby.");
        }
    } else if (escape_mode_sym == k) {
        if (newline_sym == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = NLEsc;
        } else if (json_sym == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = JSONEsc;
        } else if (xss_safe_sym == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = XSSEsc;
        } else if (ascii_sym == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = ASCIIEsc;
        } else if (unicode_xss_sym == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = JXEsc;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":encoding must be :newline, :json, :xss_safe, :unicode_xss, or :ascii.");
        }
    } else if (bigdecimal_load_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            return ST_CONTINUE;
        }

        if (bigdecimal_sym == v || Qtrue == v) {
            copts->bigdec_load = BigDec;
        } else if (float_sym == v) {
            copts->bigdec_load = FloatDec;
        } else if (fast_sym == v) {
            copts->bigdec_load = FastDec;
        } else if (auto_sym == v || Qfalse == v) {
            copts->bigdec_load = AutoDec;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":bigdecimal_load must be :bigdecimal, :float, or :auto.");
        }
    } else if (compat_bigdecimal_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            return ST_CONTINUE;
        }

        copts->compat_bigdec = (Qtrue == v);
    } else if (oj_decimal_class_sym == k) {
        if (rb_cFloat == v) {
            copts->compat_bigdec = false;
        } else if (oj_bigdecimal_class == v) {
            copts->compat_bigdec = true;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":decimal_class must be BigDecimal or Float.");
        }
    } else if (create_id_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            if (oj_json_class != oj_default_options.create_id && NULL != copts->create_id) {
                xfree((char *)oj_default_options.create_id);
            }
            copts->create_id     = NULL;
            copts->create_id_len = 0;
        } else if (T_STRING == rb_type(v)) {
            const char *str = StringValuePtr(v);

            len = RSTRING_LEN(v);
            if (len != copts->create_id_len || 0 != strcmp(copts->create_id, str)) {
                copts->create_id = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
                strcpy((char *)copts->create_id, str);
                copts->create_id_len = len;
            }
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":create_id must be string.");
        }
    } else if (oj_space_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.after_size = 0;
            *copts->dump_opts.after_sep = '\0';
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_STRING);
            if (sizeof(copts->dump_opts.after_sep) <= (len = RSTRING_LEN(v))) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                         "space string is limited to %lu characters.",
                         (unsigned long)sizeof(copts->dump_opts.after_sep));
            }
            strcpy(copts->dump_opts.after_sep, StringValuePtr(v));
            copts->dump_opts.after_size = (uint8_t)len;
        }
    } else if (oj_space_before_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.before_size = 0;
            *copts->dump_opts.before_sep = '\0';
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_STRING);
            if (sizeof(copts->dump_opts.before_sep) <= (len = RSTRING_LEN(v))) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                         "sapce_before string is limited to %lu characters.",
                         (unsigned long)sizeof(copts->dump_opts.before_sep));
            }
            strcpy(copts->dump_opts.before_sep, StringValuePtr(v));
            copts->dump_opts.before_size = (uint8_t)len;
        }
    } else if (oj_object_nl_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.hash_size = 0;
            *copts->dump_opts.hash_nl  = '\0';
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_STRING);
            if (sizeof(copts->dump_opts.hash_nl) <= (len = RSTRING_LEN(v))) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                         "object_nl string is limited to %lu characters.",
                         (unsigned long)sizeof(copts->dump_opts.hash_nl));
            }
            strcpy(copts->dump_opts.hash_nl, StringValuePtr(v));
            copts->dump_opts.hash_size = (uint8_t)len;
        }
    } else if (oj_array_nl_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.array_size = 0;
            *copts->dump_opts.array_nl  = '\0';
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_STRING);
            if (sizeof(copts->dump_opts.array_nl) <= (len = RSTRING_LEN(v))) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                         "array_nl string is limited to %lu characters.",
                         (unsigned long)sizeof(copts->dump_opts.array_nl));
            }
            strcpy(copts->dump_opts.array_nl, StringValuePtr(v));
            copts->dump_opts.array_size = (uint8_t)len;
        }
    } else if (nan_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            return ST_CONTINUE;
        }
        if (null_sym == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.nan_dump = NullNan;
        } else if (huge_sym == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.nan_dump = HugeNan;
        } else if (word_sym == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.nan_dump = WordNan;
        } else if (raise_sym == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.nan_dump = RaiseNan;
        } else if (auto_sym == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.nan_dump = AutoNan;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":nan must be :null, :huge, :word, :raise, or :auto.");
        }
    } else if (omit_nil_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            return ST_CONTINUE;
        }
        if (Qtrue == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.omit_nil = true;
        } else if (Qfalse == v) {
            copts->dump_opts.omit_nil = false;
        } else {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":omit_nil must be true or false.");
        }
    } else if (oj_ascii_only_sym == k) {
        // This is here only for backwards compatibility with the original Oj.
        if (Qtrue == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = ASCIIEsc;
        } else if (Qfalse == v) {
            copts->escape_mode = JSONEsc;
        }
    } else if (oj_hash_class_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->hash_class = Qnil;
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_CLASS);
            copts->hash_class = v;
        }
    } else if (oj_object_class_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->hash_class = Qnil;
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_CLASS);
            copts->hash_class = v;
        }
    } else if (oj_array_class_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            copts->array_class = Qnil;
        } else {
            rb_check_type(v, T_CLASS);
            copts->array_class = v;
        }
    } else if (ignore_sym == k) {
        xfree(copts->ignore);
        copts->ignore = NULL;
        if (Qnil != v) {
            int cnt;

            rb_check_type(v, T_ARRAY);
            cnt = (int)RARRAY_LEN(v);
            if (0 < cnt) {
                int i;

                copts->ignore = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cnt + 1);
                for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
                    copts->ignore[i] = RARRAY_AREF(v, i);
                }
                copts->ignore[i] = Qnil;
            }
        }
    } else if (integer_range_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            return ST_CONTINUE;
        }
        if (TYPE(v) == T_STRUCT && rb_obj_class(v) == rb_cRange) {
            VALUE min = rb_funcall(v, oj_begin_id, 0);
            VALUE max = rb_funcall(v, oj_end_id, 0);

            if (TYPE(min) != T_FIXNUM || TYPE(max) != T_FIXNUM) {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":integer_range range bounds is not Fixnum.");
            }

            copts->int_range_min = FIX2LONG(min);
            copts->int_range_max = FIX2LONG(max);
        } else if (Qfalse != v) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":integer_range must be a range of Fixnum.");
        }
    } else if (symbol_keys_sym == k || oj_symbolize_names_sym == k) {
        if (Qnil == v) {
            return ST_CONTINUE;
        }
	copts->sym_key = (Qtrue == v) ? Yes : No;
    }
    return ST_CONTINUE;
}

void oj_parse_options(VALUE ropts, Options copts) {
    if (T_HASH != rb_type(ropts)) {
        return;
    }

    rb_hash_foreach(ropts, parse_options_cb, (VALUE)copts);
    oj_parse_opt_match_string(&copts->str_rx, ropts);

    copts->dump_opts.use = (0 < copts->dump_opts.indent_size || 0 < copts->dump_opts.after_size ||
                            0 < copts->dump_opts.before_size || 0 < copts->dump_opts.hash_size ||
                            0 < copts->dump_opts.array_size);
    return;
}

static int match_string_cb(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE rx) {
    RxClass rc = (RxClass)rx;

    if (T_CLASS != rb_type(value)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "for :match_string, the hash values must be a Class.");
    }
    switch (rb_type(key)) {
    case T_REGEXP: oj_rxclass_rappend(rc, key, value); break;
    case T_STRING:
        if (0 != oj_rxclass_append(rc, StringValuePtr(key), value)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s", rc->err);
        }
        break;
    default: rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "for :match_string, keys must either a String or RegExp."); break;
    }
    return ST_CONTINUE;
}

void oj_parse_opt_match_string(RxClass rc, VALUE ropts) {
    VALUE v;

    if (Qnil != (v = rb_hash_lookup(ropts, match_string_sym))) {
        rb_check_type(v, T_HASH);
        // Zero out rc. Pattern are not appended but override.
        rc->head = NULL;
        rc->tail = NULL;
        *rc->err = '\0';
        rb_hash_foreach(v, match_string_cb, (VALUE)rc);
    }
}

/* Document-method: load
 * call-seq: load(json, options={}) { _|_obj, start, len_|_ }
 *
 * Parses a JSON document String into a Object, Hash, Array, String, Fixnum,
 * Float, true, false, or nil according to the default mode or the mode
 * specified. Raises an exception if the JSON is malformed or the classes
 * specified are not valid. If the string input is not a valid JSON document (an
 * empty string is not a valid JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * When used with a document that has multiple JSON elements the block, if
 * any, will be yielded to. If no block then the last element read will be
 * returned.
 *
 * This parser operates on string and will attempt to load files into memory if
 * a file object is passed as the first argument. A stream input will be parsed
 * using a stream parser but others use the slightly faster string parser.
 *
 * A block can be provided with a single argument. That argument will be the
 * parsed JSON document. This is useful when parsing a string that includes
 * multiple JSON documents. The block can take up to 3 arguments, the parsed
 * object, the position in the string or stream of the start of the JSON for
 * that object, and the length of the JSON for that object plus trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * - *json* [_String_|_IO_] JSON String or an Object that responds to read()
 * - *options* [_Hash_] load options (same as default_options)
 * - *obj* [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_] parsed object.
 * - *start* [_optional, _Integer_] start position of parsed JSON for obj.
 * - *len* [_optional, _Integer_] length of parsed JSON for obj.
 *
 * Returns [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_]
 */
static VALUE load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    Mode mode = oj_default_options.mode;

    if (1 > argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments to load().");
    }
    if (2 <= argc) {
        VALUE ropts = argv[1];
        VALUE v;

        if (Qnil != ropts || CompatMode != mode) {
            Check_Type(ropts, T_HASH);
            if (Qnil != (v = rb_hash_lookup(ropts, mode_sym))) {
                if (object_sym == v) {
                    mode = ObjectMode;
                } else if (strict_sym == v) {
                    mode = StrictMode;
                } else if (compat_sym == v || json_sym == v) {
                    mode = CompatMode;
                } else if (null_sym == v) {
                    mode = NullMode;
                } else if (custom_sym == v) {
                    mode = CustomMode;
                } else if (rails_sym == v) {
                    mode = RailsMode;
                } else if (wab_sym == v) {
                    mode = WabMode;
                } else {
                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                             ":mode must be :object, :strict, :compat, :null, :custom, :rails, or "
                             ":wab.");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    switch (mode) {
    case StrictMode:
    case NullMode: return oj_strict_parse(argc, argv, self);
    case CompatMode:
    case RailsMode: return oj_compat_parse(argc, argv, self);
    case CustomMode: return oj_custom_parse(argc, argv, self);
    case WabMode: return oj_wab_parse(argc, argv, self);
    case ObjectMode:
    default: break;
    }
    return oj_object_parse(argc, argv, self);
}

/* Document-method: load_file
 * call-seq: load_file(path, options={}) { _|_obj, start, len_|_ }
 *
 * Parses a JSON document String into a Object, Hash, Array, String, Fixnum,
 * Float, true, false, or nil according to the default mode or the mode
 * specified. Raises an exception if the JSON is malformed or the classes
 * specified are not valid. If the string input is not a valid JSON document (an
 * empty string is not a valid JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * When used with a document that has multiple JSON elements the block, if
 * any, will be yielded to. If no block then the last element read will be
 * returned.
 *
 * If the input file is not a valid JSON document (an empty file is not a valid
 * JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * This is a stream based parser which allows a large or huge file to be loaded
 * without pulling the whole file into memory.
 *
 * A block can be provided with a single argument. That argument will be the
 * parsed JSON document. This is useful when parsing a string that includes
 * multiple JSON documents. The block can take up to 3 arguments, the parsed
 * object, the position in the string or stream of the start of the JSON for
 * that object, and the length of the JSON for that object plus trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * - *path* [_String_] to a file containing a JSON document
 * - *options* [_Hash_] load options (same as default_options)
 * - *obj* [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_] parsed object.
 * - *start* [_optional, _Integer_] start position of parsed JSON for obj.
 * - *len* [_optional, _Integer_] length of parsed JSON for obj.
 *
 * Returns [_Object_|_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_]
 */
static VALUE load_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    char *            path;
    int               fd;
    Mode              mode = oj_default_options.mode;
    struct _parseInfo pi;

    if (1 > argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments to load().");
    }
    Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
    parse_info_init(&pi);
    pi.options   = oj_default_options;
    pi.handler   = Qnil;
    pi.err_class = Qnil;
    pi.max_depth = 0;
    if (2 <= argc) {
        VALUE ropts = argv[1];
        VALUE v;

        Check_Type(ropts, T_HASH);
        if (Qnil != (v = rb_hash_lookup(ropts, mode_sym))) {
            if (object_sym == v) {
                mode = ObjectMode;
            } else if (strict_sym == v) {
                mode = StrictMode;
            } else if (compat_sym == v || json_sym == v) {
                mode = CompatMode;
            } else if (null_sym == v) {
                mode = NullMode;
            } else if (custom_sym == v) {
                mode = CustomMode;
            } else if (rails_sym == v) {
                mode = RailsMode;
            } else if (wab_sym == v) {
                mode = WabMode;
            } else {
                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":mode must be :object, :strict, :compat, :null, :custom, :rails, or :wab.");
            }
        }
    }
    path = StringValuePtr(*argv);
    if (0 == (fd = open(path, O_RDONLY))) {
        rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "%s", strerror(errno));
    }
    switch (mode) {
    case StrictMode:
    case NullMode: oj_set_strict_callbacks(&pi); return oj_pi_sparse(argc, argv, &pi, fd);
    case CustomMode: oj_set_custom_callbacks(&pi); return oj_pi_sparse(argc, argv, &pi, fd);
    case CompatMode:
    case RailsMode: oj_set_compat_callbacks(&pi); return oj_pi_sparse(argc, argv, &pi, fd);
    case WabMode: oj_set_wab_callbacks(&pi); return oj_pi_sparse(argc, argv, &pi, fd);
    case ObjectMode:
    default: break;
    }
    oj_set_object_callbacks(&pi);

    return oj_pi_sparse(argc, argv, &pi, fd);
}

/* Document-method: safe_load
 * call-seq: safe_load(doc)
 *
 * Loads a JSON document in strict mode with :auto_define and :symbol_keys
 * turned off. This function should be safe to use with JSON received on an
 * unprotected public interface.
 *
 * - *doc* [_String__|_IO_] JSON String or IO to load.
 *
 * Returns [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Bignum_|_BigDecimal_|_nil_|_True_|_False_]
 */
static VALUE safe_load(VALUE self, VALUE doc) {
    struct _parseInfo pi;
    VALUE             args[1];

    parse_info_init(&pi);
    pi.err_class           = Qnil;
    pi.max_depth           = 0;
    pi.options             = oj_default_options;
    pi.options.auto_define = No;
    pi.options.sym_key     = No;
    pi.options.mode        = StrictMode;
    oj_set_strict_callbacks(&pi);
    *args = doc;

    return oj_pi_parse(1, args, &pi, 0, 0, 1);
}

/* Document-method: saj_parse
 * call-seq: saj_parse(handler, io)
 *
 * Parses an IO stream or file containing a JSON document. Raises an exception
 * if the JSON is malformed. This is a callback parser that calls the methods in
 * the handler if they exist. A sample is the Oj::Saj class which can be used as
 * a base class for the handler.
 *
 * - *handler* [_Oj::Saj_] responds to Oj::Saj methods
 * - *io* [_IO_|_String_] IO Object to read from
 */

/* Document-method: sc_parse
 * call-seq: sc_parse(handler, io)
 *
 * Parses an IO stream or file containing a JSON document. Raises an exception
 * if the JSON is malformed. This is a callback parser (Simple Callback Parser)
 * that calls the methods in the handler if they exist. A sample is the
 * Oj::ScHandler class which can be used as a base class for the handler. This
 * callback parser is slightly more efficient than the Saj callback parser and
 * requires less argument checking.
 *
 * - *handler* [_Oj_::ScHandler_] responds to Oj::ScHandler methods
 * - *io* [_IO__|_String_] IO Object to read from
 */

struct dump_arg {
    struct _out *    out;
    struct _options *copts;
    int              argc;
    VALUE *          argv;
};

static VALUE dump_body(VALUE a) {
    volatile struct dump_arg *arg = (void *)a;
    VALUE                     rstr;

    oj_dump_obj_to_json_using_params(*arg->argv, arg->copts, arg->out, arg->argc - 1, arg->argv + 1);
    if (0 == arg->out->buf) {
        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "Not enough memory.");
    }
    rstr = rb_str_new2(arg->out->buf);
    rstr = oj_encode(rstr);

    return rstr;
}

static VALUE dump_ensure(VALUE a) {
    volatile struct dump_arg *arg = (void *)a;

    if (arg->out->allocated) {
        xfree(arg->out->buf);
    }
    return Qnil;
}

/* Document-method: dump
 * call-seq: dump(obj, options={})
 *
 * Dumps an Object (obj) to a string.
 * - *obj* [_Object_] Object to serialize as an JSON document String
 * - *options* [_Hash_] same as default_options
 */
static VALUE dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    char            buf[4096];
    struct dump_arg arg;
    struct _out     out;
    struct _options copts = oj_default_options;

    if (1 > argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (0 for 1).");
    }
    if (CompatMode == copts.mode) {
        copts.dump_opts.nan_dump = WordNan;
    }
    if (2 == argc) {
        oj_parse_options(argv[1], &copts);
    }
    if (CompatMode == copts.mode && copts.escape_mode != ASCIIEsc) {
        copts.escape_mode = JSONEsc;
    }
    arg.out   = &out;
    arg.copts = &copts;
    arg.argc  = argc;
    arg.argv  = argv;

    arg.out->buf       = buf;
    arg.out->end       = buf + sizeof(buf) - 10;
    arg.out->allocated = false;
    arg.out->omit_nil  = copts.dump_opts.omit_nil;
    arg.out->caller    = CALLER_DUMP;

    return rb_ensure(dump_body, (VALUE)&arg, dump_ensure, (VALUE)&arg);
}

/* Document-method: to_json
 * call-seq: to_json(obj, options)
 *
 * Dumps an Object (obj) to a string. If the object has a to_json method that
 * will be called. The mode is set to :compat.
 * - *obj* [_Object_] Object to serialize as an JSON document String
 * - *options* [_Hash_]
 *   - *:max_nesting* [_boolean_] It true nesting is limited to 100. The option to detect circular
 * references is available but is not compatible with the json gem., default is false
 *   - *:allow_nan* [_boolean_] If true non JSON compliant words such as Nan and Infinity will be
 * used as appropriate, default is true.
 *   - *:quirks_mode* [_boolean_] Allow single JSON values instead of documents, default is true
 * (allow).
 *   - *:indent* [_String_|_nil_] String to use for indentation, overriding the indent option if not
 * nil.
 *   - *:space* [_String_|_nil_] String to use for the space after the colon in JSON object fields.
 *   - *:space_before* [_String_|_nil_] String to use before the colon separator in JSON object
 * fields.
 *   - *:object_nl* [_String_|_nil_] String to use after a JSON object field value.
 *   - *:array_nl* [_String_|_nil_] String to use after a JSON array value.
 *   - *:trace* [_Boolean_] If true trace is turned on.
 *
 * Returns [_String_] the encoded JSON.
 */
static VALUE to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    char            buf[4096];
    struct _out     out;
    struct _options copts = oj_default_options;
    VALUE           rstr;

    if (1 > argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (0 for 1).");
    }
    copts.escape_mode        = JXEsc;
    copts.dump_opts.nan_dump = RaiseNan;
    if (2 == argc) {
        oj_parse_mimic_dump_options(argv[1], &copts);
    }
    copts.mode    = CompatMode;
    copts.to_json = Yes;
    out.buf       = buf;
    out.end       = buf + sizeof(buf) - 10;
    out.allocated = false;
    out.omit_nil  = copts.dump_opts.omit_nil;
    // For obj.to_json or generate nan is not allowed but if called from dump
    // it is.
    oj_dump_obj_to_json_using_params(*argv, &copts, &out, argc - 1, argv + 1);

    if (0 == out.buf) {
        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "Not enough memory.");
    }
    rstr = rb_str_new2(out.buf);
    rstr = oj_encode(rstr);
    if (out.allocated) {
        xfree(out.buf);
    }
    return rstr;
}

/* Document-method: to_file
 * call-seq: to_file(file_path, obj, options={})
 *
 * Dumps an Object to the specified file.
 * - *file* [_String_] _path file path to write the JSON document to
 * - *obj* [_Object_] Object to serialize as an JSON document String
 * - *options* [_Hash_] formatting options
 *   - *:indent* [_Fixnum_] format expected
 *   - *:circular* [_Boolean_] allow circular references, default: false
 */
static VALUE to_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    struct _options copts = oj_default_options;

    if (3 == argc) {
        oj_parse_options(argv[2], &copts);
    }
    Check_Type(*argv, T_STRING);
    oj_write_obj_to_file(argv[1], StringValuePtr(*argv), &copts);

    return Qnil;
}

/* Document-method: to_stream
 * call-seq: to_stream(io, obj, options={})
 *
 * Dumps an Object to the specified IO stream.
 * - *io* [_IO_] IO stream to write the JSON document to
 * - *obj* [_Object_] Object to serialize as an JSON document String
 * - *options* [_Hash_] formatting options
 *   - *:indent* [_Fixnum_] format expected
 *   - *:circular* [_Boolean_] allow circular references, default: false
 */
static VALUE to_stream(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    struct _options copts = oj_default_options;

    if (3 == argc) {
        oj_parse_options(argv[2], &copts);
    }
    oj_write_obj_to_stream(argv[1], *argv, &copts);

    return Qnil;
}

/* Document-method: register_odd
 * call-seq: register_odd(clas, create_object, create_method, *members)
 *
 * Registers a class as special. This is useful for working around subclasses of
 * primitive types as is done with ActiveSupport classes. The use of this
 * function should be limited to just classes that can not be handled in the
 * normal way. It is not intended as a hook for changing the output of all
 * classes as it is not optimized for large numbers of classes.
 *
 * - *clas* [_Class__|_Module_] Class or Module to be made special
 * - *create_object* [_Object_]  object to call the create method on
 * - *create_method* [_Symbol_] method on the clas that will create a new instance of the clas when
 * given all the member values in the order specified.
 * - *members* [_Symbol__|_String_] methods used to get the member values from instances of the
 * clas.
 */
static VALUE register_odd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    if (3 > argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "incorrect number of arguments.");
    }
    switch (rb_type(*argv)) {
    case T_CLASS:
    case T_MODULE: break;
    default: rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "expected a class or module."); break;
    }
    Check_Type(argv[2], T_SYMBOL);
    if (MAX_ODD_ARGS < argc - 2) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many members.");
    }
    oj_reg_odd(argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], argc - 3, argv + 3, false);

    return Qnil;
}

/* Document-method: register_odd_raw
 *	call-seq: register_odd_raw(clas, create_object, create_method, dump_method)
 *
 * Registers a class as special and expect the output to be a string that can be
 * included in the dumped JSON directly. This is useful for working around
 * subclasses of primitive types as is done with ActiveSupport classes. The use
 * of this function should be limited to just classes that can not be handled in
 * the normal way. It is not intended as a hook for changing the output of all
 * classes as it is not optimized for large numbers of classes. Be careful with
 * this option as the JSON may be incorrect if invalid JSON is returned.
 *
 * - *clas* [_Class_|_Module_] Class or Module to be made special
 * - *create_object* [_Object_] object to call the create method on
 * - *create_method* [_Symbol_] method on the clas that will create a new instance of the clas when
 *given all the member values in the order specified.
 * - *dump_method* [_Symbol_|_String_] method to call on the object being serialized to generate the
 *raw JSON.
 */
static VALUE register_odd_raw(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
    if (3 > argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "incorrect number of arguments.");
    }
    switch (rb_type(*argv)) {
    case T_CLASS:
    case T_MODULE: break;
    default: rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "expected a class or module."); break;
    }
    Check_Type(argv[2], T_SYMBOL);
    if (MAX_ODD_ARGS < argc - 2) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many members.");
    }
    oj_reg_odd(argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], 1, argv + 3, true);

    return Qnil;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// RDoc entries must be in the same file as the rb_define_method and must be
// directly above the C method function. The extern declaration is enough to
// get it to work.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/* Document-method: strict_load
 * call-seq: strict_load(json, options) { _|_obj, start, len_|_ }
 *
 * Parses a JSON document String into an Hash, Array, String, Fixnum, Float,
 * true, false, or nil. It parses using a mode that is strict in that it maps
 * each primitive JSON type to a similar Ruby type. The :create_id is not
 * honored in this mode. Note that a Ruby Hash is used to represent the JSON
 * Object type. These two are not the same since the JSON Object type can have
 * repeating entries with the same key and Ruby Hash can not.
 *
 * When used with a document that has multiple JSON elements the block, if
 * any, will be yielded to. If no block then the last element read will be
 * returned.
 *
 * Raises an exception if the JSON is malformed or the classes specified are not
 * valid. If the input is not a valid JSON document (an empty string is not a
 * valid JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * A block can be provided with a single argument. That argument will be the
 * parsed JSON document. This is useful when parsing a string that includes
 * multiple JSON documents. The block can take up to 3 arguments, the parsed
 * object, the position in the string or stream of the start of the JSON for
 * that object, and the length of the JSON for that object plus trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * - *json* [_String_|_IO_] JSON String or an Object that responds to read().
 * - *options* [_Hash_] load options (same as default_options).
 * - *obj* [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_] parsed object.
 * - *start* [_optional, _Integer_] start position of parsed JSON for obj.
 * - *len* [_optional, _Integer_] length of parsed JSON for obj.
 *
 * Returns [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_]
 */
extern VALUE oj_strict_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-method: compat_load
 * call-seq: compat_load(json, options) { _|_obj, start, len_|_ }
 *
 * Parses a JSON document String into an Object, Hash, Array, String, Fixnum,
 * Float, true, false, or nil. It parses using a mode that is generally
 * compatible with other Ruby JSON parsers in that it will create objects based
 * on the :create_id value. It is not compatible in every way to every other
 * parser though as each parser has it's own variations.
 *
 * When used with a document that has multiple JSON elements the block, if
 * any, will be yielded to. If no block then the last element read will be
 * returned.
 *
 * Raises an exception if the JSON is malformed or the classes specified are not
 * valid. If the input is not a valid JSON document (an empty string is not a
 * valid JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * A block can be provided with a single argument. That argument will be the
 * parsed JSON document. This is useful when parsing a string that includes
 * multiple JSON documents. The block can take up to 3 arguments, the parsed
 * object, the position in the string or stream of the start of the JSON for
 * that object, and the length of the JSON for that object plus trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * - *json* [_String_|_IO_] JSON String or an Object that responds to read().
 * - *options* [_Hash_] load options (same as default_options).
 * - *obj* [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_] parsed object.
 * - *start* [_optional, _Integer_] start position of parsed JSON for obj.
 * - *len* [_optional, _Integer_] length of parsed JSON for obj.
 *
 * Returns [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_]
 */
extern VALUE oj_compat_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-method: object_load
 * call-seq: object_load(json, options) { _|_obj, start, len_|_ }
 *
 * Parses a JSON document String into an Object, Hash, Array, String, Fixnum,
 * Float, true, false, or nil. In the :object mode the JSON should have been
 * generated by Oj.dump(). The parser will reconstitute the original marshalled
 * or dumped Object. The :auto_define and :circular options have meaning with
 * this parsing mode.
 *
 * Raises an exception if the JSON is malformed or the classes specified are not
 * valid. If the input is not a valid JSON document (an empty string is not a
 * valid JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * A block can be provided with a single argument. That argument will be the
 * parsed JSON document. This is useful when parsing a string that includes
 * multiple JSON documents. The block can take up to 3 arguments, the parsed
 * object, the position in the string or stream of the start of the JSON for
 * that object, and the length of the JSON for that object plus trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * - *json* [_String_|_IO_] JSON String or an Object that responds to read().
 * - *options* [_Hash_] load options (same as default_options).
 * - *obj* [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_] parsed object.
 * - *start* [_optional, _Integer_] start position of parsed JSON for obj.
 * - *len* [_optional, _Integer_] length of parsed JSON for obj.
 *
 * Returns [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_]
 */
extern VALUE oj_object_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-method: wab_load
 * call-seq: wab_load(json, options) { _|_obj, start, len_|_ }
 *
 * Parses a JSON document String into an Hash, Array, String, Fixnum, Float,
 * true, false, or nil. It parses using a mode that is :wab in that it maps
 * each primitive JSON type to a similar Ruby type. The :create_id is not
 * honored in this mode. Note that a Ruby Hash is used to represent the JSON
 * Object type. These two are not the same since the JSON Object type can have
 * repeating entries with the same key and Ruby Hash can not.
 *
 * When used with a document that has multiple JSON elements the block, if
 * any, will be yielded to. If no block then the last element read will be
 * returned.
 *
 * Raises an exception if the JSON is malformed or the classes specified are not
 * valid. If the input is not a valid JSON document (an empty string is not a
 * valid JSON document) an exception is raised.
 *
 * A block can be provided with a single argument. That argument will be the
 * parsed JSON document. This is useful when parsing a string that includes
 * multiple JSON documents. The block can take up to 3 arguments, the parsed
 * object, the position in the string or stream of the start of the JSON for
 * that object, and the length of the JSON for that object plus trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * - *json* [_String_|_IO_] JSON String or an Object that responds to read().
 * - *options* [_Hash_] load options (same as default_options).
 * - *obj* [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_] parsed object.
 * - *start* [_optional, _Integer_] start position of parsed JSON for obj.
 * - *len* [_optional, _Integer_] length of parsed JSON for obj.
 *
 * Returns [_Hash_|_Array_|_String_|_Fixnum_|_Float_|_Boolean_|_nil_]
 */
extern VALUE oj_wab_parse(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-method: add_to_json
 * call-seq: add_to_json(*args)
 *
 * Override simple to_s dump behavior in :compat mode to instead use an
 * optimized dump that includes the classname and attributes so that the
 * object can be re-created on load. The format is the same as the json gem
 * but does not use the ruby methods for encoding.
 *
 * The classes supported for optimization are: Array, BigDecimal, Complex,
 * Date, DateTime, Exception, Hash, Integer, OpenStruct, Range, Rational,
 * Regexp, Struct, and Time. Providing no classes will result in all those
 * classes being optimized.q
 *
 * - *args( [_Class_] zero or more classes to optimize.
 */
extern VALUE oj_add_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* @!method remove_to_json(*args)
 *
 * Reverts back to the to_s dump behavior in :compat mode to instead use an
 * optimized dump that includes the classname and attributes so that the
 * object can be re-created on load. The format is the same as the json gem
 * but does not use the ruby methods for encoding.
 *
 * The classes supported for optimization are: Array, BigDecimal, Complex,
 * Date, DateTime, Exception, Hash, Integer, OpenStruct, Range, Rational,
 * Regexp, Struct, and Time. Providing no classes will result in all those
 * classes being reverted from the optimized mode.
 *
 * - *args* [_Class_] zero or more classes to optimize.
 */
extern VALUE oj_remove_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-method: mimic_JSON
 * call-seq: mimic_JSON()
 *
 * Creates the JSON module with methods and classes to mimic the JSON gem. After
 * this method is invoked calls that expect the JSON module will use Oj instead
 * and be faster than the original JSON. Most options that could be passed to
 * the JSON methods are supported. The calls to set parser or generator will not
 * raise an Exception but will not have any effect. The method can also be
 * called after the json gem is loaded. The necessary methods on the json gem
 * will be replaced with Oj methods.
 *
 * Note that this also sets the default options of :mode to :compat and
 * :encoding to :unicode_xss.
 *
 * Returns [_Module_] the JSON module.
 */
extern VALUE oj_define_mimic_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-method: generate
 * call-seq: generate(obj, opts=nil)
 *
 * Encode obj as a JSON String. The obj argument must be a Hash, Array, or
 * respond to to_h or to_json. Options other than those listed such as
 * +:allow_nan+ or +:max_nesting+ are ignored. Calling this method will call
 * Oj.mimic_JSON if it is not already called.
 *
 * - *obj* [_Object__|_Hash_|_Array_] object to convert to a JSON String
 * - *opts* [_Hash_] options
 *   - *:indent* [_String_] String to use for indentation.
 *   - *:space* [_String_] String placed after a , or : delimiter
 *   - *:space_before* [_String_] String placed before a : delimiter
 *   - *:object_nl* [_String_] String placed after a JSON object
 *   - *:array_nl* [_String_] String placed after a JSON array
 *   - *:ascii_only* [_Boolean_] if not nil or false then use only ascii characters in the output.
 * Note JSON.generate does support this even if it is not documented.
 *
 * Returns [_String_]generated JSON.
 */
extern VALUE oj_mimic_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);

/* Document-module: Oj.optimize_rails()
 *
 * Sets the Oj as the Rails encoder and decoder. Oj::Rails.optimize is also
 * called.
 */
extern VALUE oj_optimize_rails(VALUE self);

/*
extern void	oj_hash_test();
static VALUE
hash_test(VALUE self) {
    oj_hash_test();
    return Qnil;
}
*/
/*
extern void oj_hash_sizes();
static VALUE
hash_test(VALUE self) {
    oj_hash_sizes();
    return Qnil;
}
*/

static VALUE protect_require(VALUE x) {
    rb_require("time");
    rb_require("bigdecimal");
    return Qnil;
}

extern void print_all_odds(const char *label);

static VALUE
debug_odd(VALUE self, VALUE label) {
    print_all_odds(RSTRING_PTR(label));
    return Qnil;
}


/* Document-module: Oj
 *
 * Optimized JSON (Oj), as the name implies was written to provide speed
 * optimized JSON handling.
 *
 * Oj uses modes to control how object are encoded and decoded. In addition
 * global and options to methods allow additional behavior modifications. The
 * modes are:
 *
 * - *:strict* mode will only allow the 7 basic JSON types to be serialized. Any other Object
 *   will raise an Exception.
 *
 * - *:null* mode is similar to the :strict mode except any Object that is not
 *   one of the JSON base types is replaced by a JSON null.
 *
 * - *:object* mode will dump any Object as a JSON Object with keys that match
 *   the Ruby Object's variable names without the '@' character. This is the
 *   highest performance mode.
 *
 * - *:compat* or *:json* mode is the compatible mode for the json gem. It mimics
 *   the json gem including the options, defaults, and restrictions.
 *
 * - *:rails* is the compatibility mode for Rails or Active support.
 *
 * - *:custom* is the most configurable mode.
 *
 * - *:wab* specifically for WAB data exchange.
 */
void Init_oj(void) {
    int err = 0;

#if HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
#endif
    Oj = rb_define_module("Oj");
    rb_gc_register_address(&Oj);

    oj_cstack_class = rb_define_class_under(Oj, "CStack", rb_cObject);
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_cstack_class);
    rb_undef_alloc_func(oj_cstack_class);

    oj_string_writer_init();
    oj_stream_writer_init();

    rb_require("date");
    // On Rubinius the require fails but can be done from a ruby file.
    rb_protect(protect_require, Qnil, &err);
    rb_require("stringio");
    oj_utf8_encoding_index = rb_enc_find_index("UTF-8");
    oj_utf8_encoding = rb_enc_from_index(oj_utf8_encoding_index);

    // rb_define_module_function(Oj, "hash_test", hash_test, 0);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "debug_odd", debug_odd, 1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "default_options", get_def_opts, 0);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "default_options=", set_def_opts, 1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "mimic_JSON", oj_define_mimic_json, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "load", load, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "load_file", load_file, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "safe_load", safe_load, 1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "strict_load", oj_strict_parse, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "compat_load", oj_compat_parse, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "object_load", oj_object_parse, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "wab_load", oj_wab_parse, -1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "dump", dump, -1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "to_file", to_file, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "to_stream", to_stream, -1);
    // JSON gem compatibility
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "to_json", to_json, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "generate", oj_mimic_generate, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "fast_generate", oj_mimic_generate, -1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "add_to_json", oj_add_to_json, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "remove_to_json", oj_remove_to_json, -1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "register_odd", register_odd, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "register_odd_raw", register_odd_raw, -1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "saj_parse", oj_saj_parse, -1);
    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "sc_parse", oj_sc_parse, -1);

    rb_define_module_function(Oj, "optimize_rails", oj_optimize_rails, 0);

    oj_add_value_id          = rb_intern("add_value");
    oj_array_append_id       = rb_intern("array_append");
    oj_array_end_id          = rb_intern("array_end");
    oj_array_start_id        = rb_intern("array_start");
    oj_as_json_id            = rb_intern("as_json");
    oj_begin_id              = rb_intern("begin");
    oj_bigdecimal_id         = rb_intern("BigDecimal");
    oj_end_id                = rb_intern("end");
    oj_error_id              = rb_intern("error");
    oj_exclude_end_id        = rb_intern("exclude_end?");
    oj_file_id               = rb_intern("file?");
    oj_fileno_id             = rb_intern("fileno");
    oj_ftype_id              = rb_intern("ftype");
    oj_hash_end_id           = rb_intern("hash_end");
    oj_hash_key_id           = rb_intern("hash_key");
    oj_hash_set_id           = rb_intern("hash_set");
    oj_hash_start_id         = rb_intern("hash_start");
    oj_iconv_id              = rb_intern("iconv");
    oj_instance_variables_id = rb_intern("instance_variables");
    oj_json_create_id        = rb_intern("json_create");
    oj_length_id             = rb_intern("length");
    oj_new_id                = rb_intern("new");
    oj_parse_id              = rb_intern("parse");
    oj_pos_id                = rb_intern("pos");
    oj_raw_json_id           = rb_intern("raw_json");
    oj_read_id               = rb_intern("read");
    oj_readpartial_id        = rb_intern("readpartial");
    oj_replace_id            = rb_intern("replace");
    oj_stat_id               = rb_intern("stat");
    oj_string_id             = rb_intern("string");
    oj_to_h_id               = rb_intern("to_h");
    oj_to_hash_id            = rb_intern("to_hash");
    oj_to_json_id            = rb_intern("to_json");
    oj_to_s_id               = rb_intern("to_s");
    oj_to_sym_id             = rb_intern("to_sym");
    oj_to_time_id            = rb_intern("to_time");
    oj_tv_nsec_id            = rb_intern("tv_nsec");
    oj_tv_sec_id             = rb_intern("tv_sec");
    oj_tv_usec_id            = rb_intern("tv_usec");
    oj_utc_id                = rb_intern("utc");
    oj_utc_offset_id         = rb_intern("utc_offset");
    oj_utcq_id               = rb_intern("utc?");
    oj_write_id              = rb_intern("write");

    rb_require("oj/bag");
    rb_require("oj/error");
    rb_require("oj/mimic");
    rb_require("oj/saj");
    rb_require("oj/schandler");

    oj_bag_class = rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("Bag"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_bag_class);
    oj_bigdecimal_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("BigDecimal"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_bigdecimal_class);
    oj_date_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Date"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_date_class);
    oj_datetime_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("DateTime"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_datetime_class);
    oj_enumerable_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Enumerable"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_enumerable_class);
    oj_parse_error_class = rb_const_get_at(Oj, rb_intern("ParseError"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_parse_error_class);
    oj_stringio_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("StringIO"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_stringio_class);
    oj_struct_class = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Struct"));
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(oj_struct_class);
    oj_json_parser_error_class    = rb_eEncodingError;  // replaced if mimic is called
    oj_json_generator_error_class = rb_eEncodingError;  // replaced if mimic is called

    allow_blank_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_blank"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&allow_blank_sym);
    allow_gc_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_gc"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&allow_gc_sym);
    allow_invalid_unicode_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_invalid_unicode"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&allow_invalid_unicode_sym);
    ascii_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ascii"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&ascii_sym);
    auto_define_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("auto_define"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&auto_define_sym);
    auto_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("auto"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&auto_sym);
    bigdecimal_as_decimal_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("bigdecimal_as_decimal"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&bigdecimal_as_decimal_sym);
    bigdecimal_load_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("bigdecimal_load"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&bigdecimal_load_sym);
    bigdecimal_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("bigdecimal"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&bigdecimal_sym);
    cache_keys_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_keys"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&cache_keys_sym);
    cache_str_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_str"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&cache_str_sym);
    cache_string_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_string"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&cache_string_sym);
    circular_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("circular"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&circular_sym);
    class_cache_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("class_cache"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&class_cache_sym);
    compat_bigdecimal_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("compat_bigdecimal"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&compat_bigdecimal_sym);
    compat_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("compat"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&compat_sym);
    create_id_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("create_id"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&create_id_sym);
    custom_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("custom"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&custom_sym);
    empty_string_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("empty_string"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&empty_string_sym);
    escape_mode_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("escape_mode"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&escape_mode_sym);
    integer_range_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("integer_range"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&integer_range_sym);
    fast_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("fast"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&fast_sym);
    float_prec_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("float_precision"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&float_prec_sym);
    float_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("float"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&float_sym);
    huge_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("huge"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&huge_sym);
    ignore_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ignore"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&ignore_sym);
    ignore_under_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ignore_under"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&ignore_under_sym);
    json_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("json"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&json_sym);
    match_string_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("match_string"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&match_string_sym);
    mode_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("mode"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&mode_sym);
    nan_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("nan"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&nan_sym);
    newline_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("newline"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&newline_sym);
    nilnil_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("nilnil"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&nilnil_sym);
    null_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("null"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&null_sym);
    object_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("object"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&object_sym);
    oj_allow_nan_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("allow_nan"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_allow_nan_sym);
    oj_array_class_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("array_class"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_array_class_sym);
    oj_array_nl_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("array_nl"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_array_nl_sym);
    oj_ascii_only_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ascii_only"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_ascii_only_sym);
    oj_create_additions_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("create_additions"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_create_additions_sym);
    oj_decimal_class_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("decimal_class"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_decimal_class_sym);
    oj_hash_class_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("hash_class"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_hash_class_sym);
    oj_indent_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("indent"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_indent_sym);
    oj_max_nesting_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("max_nesting"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_max_nesting_sym);
    oj_object_class_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("object_class"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_object_class_sym);
    oj_object_nl_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("object_nl"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_object_nl_sym);
    oj_quirks_mode_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("quirks_mode"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_quirks_mode_sym);
    oj_safe_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("safe"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_safe_sym);
    oj_space_before_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("space_before"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_space_before_sym);
    oj_space_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("space"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_space_sym);
    oj_trace_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("trace"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_trace_sym);
    omit_nil_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("omit_nil"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&omit_nil_sym);
    rails_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("rails"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&rails_sym);
    raise_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("raise"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&raise_sym);
    ruby_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ruby"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&ruby_sym);
    sec_prec_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("second_precision"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&sec_prec_sym);
    strict_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("strict"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&strict_sym);
    symbol_keys_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("symbol_keys"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&symbol_keys_sym);
    oj_symbolize_names_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("symbolize_names"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_symbolize_names_sym);
    time_format_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("time_format"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&time_format_sym);
    unicode_xss_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("unicode_xss"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&unicode_xss_sym);
    unix_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("unix"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&unix_sym);
    unix_zone_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("unix_zone"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&unix_zone_sym);
    use_as_json_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("use_as_json"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&use_as_json_sym);
    use_raw_json_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("use_raw_json"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&use_raw_json_sym);
    use_to_hash_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("use_to_hash"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&use_to_hash_sym);
    use_to_json_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("use_to_json"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&use_to_json_sym);
    wab_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("wab"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&wab_sym);
    word_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("word"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&word_sym);
    xmlschema_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("xmlschema"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&xmlschema_sym);
    xss_safe_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("xss_safe"));
    rb_gc_register_address(&xss_safe_sym);

    oj_slash_string = rb_str_new2("/");
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_slash_string);
    OBJ_FREEZE(oj_slash_string);

    oj_default_options.mode = ObjectMode;

    oj_hash_init();
    oj_odd_init();
    oj_mimic_rails_init();

#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
    if (0 != (err = pthread_mutex_init(&oj_cache_mutex, 0))) {
        rb_raise(rb_eException, "failed to initialize a mutex. %s", strerror(err));
    }
#else
    oj_cache_mutex = rb_mutex_new();
    rb_gc_register_address(&oj_cache_mutex);
#endif
    oj_init_doc();

    oj_parser_init();
}