Similar to a linguistic language (i.e. English, French, Spanish), a programming language is a set of conventions on how a program is defined. It often involves more than semantic conventions. Many programming languages are created with a specific programming philosophy in mind, which means their syntax isn't the only feature worth considering when deciding which to use.
Containers for information that is subject to modification during the lifetime of a program.
Also known as: a property, when declared inside of an Object, Function or Class.
Containers for information that is NOT subject to modification during the lifetime of a program.
Piece of logic.
Also known as: a method, when declared inside of an Object or Class.
The most basic construct defined in programming, an object can be turned into anything.
A sort of recipe to organize portions of a program, it often contains the aforementioned items.
Basic types of data permitted by a programming language.
Example: Arrays, Strings, Integers
A list of comma separated values, often contained within square brackets.
Example: [1,2,3]
A string of alpha-numeric characters of any kind, contained within single or double quotes.
Example: "you ain't gonna need it"
A non-decimal, positive number, just like in Mathematics.
Example: 42
A container for associated keys and values. Annoyingly also referred to as a dictionary, hash table, hash map, or associative array depending on the programming language and its community.
Example: { name: "Olivier", hometown: "Paris, France" }
Solving a problem by removing the need to look at the gritty details of the solution, and instead focusing on simpler and more essential components.
An abstraction that sometimes reveals the underlying complexity it attempted to hide, causing confusion.
An indication, sometimes indirect, that code may be brittle or dangerous.
A technique that was proven to cause issues.
Start something that will work in the background (as a daemon)