Related schema specification: Technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/3DPolarizedLightImaging
- @type
- definition
'3D polarized light imaging' (synonym: 3D-PLI) is a 3D reconstruction process of high-resoluted image data originating from polorized light microscopy.
- name
3D polarized light imaging
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/DABStaining
- @type
- definition
In a 'DAB staining', the organic compound DAB (3, 3'-diaminobenzidine) is oxidized in presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide resulting in deposition of a brown, alcohol-insoluble precipitate which can be used in immunohistochemical and blotting applications.
- name
DAB staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/DAPiStaining
- @type
- definition
A nuclear-specific staining technique where DAPi (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is used as a dye.
- description
DAPi, or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a blue fluorescent dye that bind strongly to adenine-thymine (AT) rich regions in DNA. It is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy and can be used on both fixated and living cells.
- name
DAPi staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/GolgiStaining
- @type
- definition
'Golgi staining' includes several silver staining techniques in which fixed tissue is impregnated with silver nitrate and potassium dichromate resulting in the complete staining of some nerve cells while other cells are not stained at all. [adapted from InterLex](http://uri.interlex.org/ilx_0104713)
- interlexIdentifier
- name
Golgi staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
- @type
- definition
An 'H&E staining' combines the two histological stains hematoxylin and eosin which highlight a large portion of microscopic anatomy in a tissue. It is therefore the most widely used stain in medical and histopathological diagnosis.
- name
H&E staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/HoechstStaining
- @type
- definition
A nuclear-specific staining technique where a Hoechst dye is used.
- description
Hoechst dyes are part of a family of blue fluorescent dye that bind to DNA. It acts similarly as DAPi and can also be used on both fixated and living cells.
- name
Hoechst staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/NisslStaining
- @type
- definition
The term 'Nissl staining' refers to various basic dyes (e.g., aniline, thionine, cresyl violet) that selectively label negatively charged molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA) and are therefore typically used to highlight important structural features of cell bodies.
- name
Nissl staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/SDSDigestedFreezeFractureReplicaLabeling
- @type
- name
SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/SWITCHImmunohistochemistry
- @type
- name
SWITCH immunohistochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/T1PulseSequence
- @type
- definition
In magnetic resonance imaging, a 'T1 pulse sequence' is a contrasting technique that allows the magnetization of the specimen or object to recover (spin-lattice relaxation) before measuring the magnetic resonance signal by changing the repetition time. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI_sequence)]
- name
T1 pulse sequence
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/T2PulseSequence
- @type
- definition
In magnetic resonance imaging, a 'T2 pulse sequence' is a contrasting technique that allows the magnetization of the specimen or object to decay (spin-spin relaxation) before measuring the magnetic resonance signal by changing the echo time. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI_sequence)]
- name
T2 pulse sequence
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/TDEClearing
- @type
- name
TDE clearing
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/TimmsStaining
- @type
- definition
A technique used to selectively visualize a variety of metals (e.g. zinc, copper, iron) in biological tissue based on sulphide-precipitation of metals in the tissue.
- description
The principle of this technique is that metals in the tissue can be transformed histochemically to metal sulphide. Subsequently, metal sulphide catalyze the reduction of silver ions by a reducing agent to metallic grains that are visible under a light or electron microscope.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
Timm's staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/activityModulationTechnique
- @type
- name
activity modulation technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anaesthesiaAdministration
- @type
- name
anaesthesia administration
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anaesthesiaMonitoring
- @type
- name
anaesthesia monitoring
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anaesthesiaTechnique
- @type
- name
anaesthesia technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/anterogradeTracing
- @type
- definition
Anterograde tracing is a technique used to trace axonal projections from their source (the cell body or soma) to their point of termination (the synapse).
- description
Anterograde tracers are taken up by neuronal cell bodies at the injection site and travel to the axon terminals. Anterograde tracing techniques allow for a detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their outputs throughout the nervous system.
- name
anterograde tracing
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/autoradiography
- @type
- definition
'Autoradiography' is a photography technique that creates images of a radioactive source (e.g., molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled) by the direct exposure to an imaging media (e.g., X-ray film or nuclear emulsion)
- interlexIdentifier
- name
autoradiography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/avidinBiotinComplexStaining
- @type
- name
avidin-biotin complex staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/beta-galactosidaseStaining
- @type
- name
beta-galactosidase staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/biocytinStaining
- @type
- definition
In 'biocytin staining' the chemical compound biocytin is used to highlight morphological details of nerve cells.
- description
Biocytin staining is a technique commonly used in combination with intracellular electrophysiology for post-hoc recovery of morphological details of the studied neurons. For this, the chemical compound biocytin is included in the electrode in order to fill the studied cell. It allows for the visualisation of the dendritic arborization and the regions targeted by the axons of the studied neurons.
- name
biocytin staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/bloodSampling
- @type
- definition
'Blood sampling' is the process of obtaining blood from a body for purpose of medical diagnosis and/or evaluation of an indication for treatment, further medical tests or other procedures.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
blood sampling
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/brightfieldMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Brightfield microscopy is an optical microscopy techniques, in which illumination light is transmitted through the sample and the contrast is generated by the absorption of light in dense areas of the specimen.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
brightfield microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/238
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/calciumImaging
- @type
- name
calcium imaging
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/cellAttachedPatchClamp
- @type
- definition
'Cell-attached patch clamp' is an intracellular electrophysiology technique that fully preserves the intracellular integrity by forming a megaohm or gigaohm seal, leaving the cell membrane intact.
- description
Cell-attached patch clamp is a patch clamp recording technique used in electrophysiology in which the intracellular integrity of the cell is preserved. Patches are formed using either a ‘loose seal’ (mega ohm resistance) or a ‘tight seal’ (giga ohm resistance) without rupturing the cell membrane. A loose seal is used for recording action potential currents, whereas a tight seal is required for evoking action potentials in the attached cell and for recording resting and synaptic potentials.
- name
cell attached patch clamp
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/computerTomography
- @type
- definition
'Computer tomogoraphy' is a noninvasive medical imaging technique where a computer generates multiple X-ray scans to obtain detailed internal 3D image of the body.
- name
computer tomography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/confocalMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Confocal microscopy is a specialized fluorescence microscopy technique that uses pinholes to reject out-of-focus light.
- description
Confocal microscopy focuses light onto a defined spot at a specific depth within a fluorescent sample to eliminate out-of-focus glare, and increase resolution and contrast in the micrographs.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
confocal microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/157
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/contrastAgentAdministration
- @type
- definition
A 'contrast agent administration' is a (typically) oral or intraveneous administration of a chemical compound to improve the visibility of internal body structures of a subject in a subsequent imaging technique.
- name
contrast agent administration
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/contrastEnhancement
- @type
- name
contrast enhancement
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/cortico-corticalEvokedPotentialMapping
- @type
- definition
Cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) mapping is used to identify the effective connectivity between distinct neuronal populations based on multiple CCEP measurements across (parts of) the brain in response to direct electrical stimulation (typically at various locations).
- name
cortico-cortical evoked potential mapping
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/cryosectioning
- @type
- definition
Cutting of specimen in cryo/freezing conditions typically resulting in micromillimeter thin slices.
- name
cryosectioning
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/currentClamp
- @type
- definition
Current clamp is a technique in which the amount of current injected into the cell is controlled, which allows for the detection of changes in the transmembrane voltage resulting from ion channel activity.
- name
current clamp
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/diffusionFixationTechnique
- @type
- definition
Diffusion fixation is a fixation technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state by submerging specimen in a fixative.
- name
diffusion fixation technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/diffusionTensorImaging
- @type
- name
diffusion tensor imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/diffusionWeightedImaging
- @type
- name
diffusion-weighted imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
- @type
- definition
Dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy is a specialized light sheet microscopy technique that allows for dual views of the samples while mounted on an inverted microscope.
- name
dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/echoPlanarPulseSequence
- @type
- definition
In magnetic resonance imaging, a 'echo-planar pulse sequence' is a contrasting technique where each radio frequency field (RF) excitation is followed by a train of gradient echoes with different spatial encoding allowing for very rapid scanning. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_magnetic_resonance_imaging#Echo-planar_imaging)]
- name
echo planar pulse sequence
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electrocardiography
- @type
- definition
Electrocardiography is a non-invasive technique used to record the electrical activity of a heart using electrodes placed on the skin. [adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography)]
- name
electrocardiography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electrocorticography
- @type
- definition
'Electrocorticography', short ECoG, is an intracranial electroencephalography technique in which electrodes are placed (subdural or epidural) on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
- name
electrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electroencephalography
- @type
- name
electroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electromyography
- @type
- name
electromyography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electronMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Electron microscopy describes any microscopy technique that uses electrons to generate contrast.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/electronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electronTomography
- @type
- definition
Electron tomography is a microscopy technique that takes a series of images of a thick sample at different angles (tilts) so that tomography can be applied to increase the resolution of the ticker sample.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
electron tomography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electrooculography
- @type
- name
electrooculography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/electroporation
- @type
- definition
A microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
- description
'Electroporation' is a process in which a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and permeability of the cell plasma membrane is caused by an externally applied electrical field. It is usually used in molecular biology as a way of introducing some substance into a cell, such as loading it with a molecular probe, a drug that can change the cell's function, or a piece of coding DNA.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
electroporation
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/electroporation
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/epidermalElectrophysiologyTechnique
- @type
- definition
The term 'epidermal electrophysiology technique' describes a subclass of non-invasive electrophysiology techniques where one or several electrodes are placed on the outermost cell layer of an organism (epidermis) to measure electrical properties.
- name
epidermal electrophysiology technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/epiduralElectrocorticography
- @type
- name
epidural electrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/epifluorescentMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Epifluorescent microscopy comprises all widefield microscopy techniques in which fluorescent molecules of an entire sample are excited through a permanent exposure of a light source of a specific wavelength.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
epifluorescent microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/243
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/extracellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- definition
In 'extracellular electrophysiology' electrodes are inserted into living tissue, but remain outside the cells in the extracellular environment to measure or stimulate electrical activity coming from adjacent cells, usually neurons.
- name
extracellular electrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/fixationTechnique
- @type
- definition
Fixation is a technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state.
- description
Fixation is a two-step process in which 1) all normal life functions are terminated and 2) the structure of the tissue is stabilized (preserved). The fixation of tissue can be achieved by chemical or physical (e.g. heating, freezing) means.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
fixation technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/fluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Fluorescence microscopy comprises any type of microscopy where the specimen can be made to fluoresce (emit energy as visible light), typically by illuminating it with light of specific wavelengths.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/focusedIonBeamScanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy is a serial section scanning electron microscopy technique where a focused ion beam is used to ablate the surface of a specimen.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/245
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/functionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- name
functional magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/geneKnockin
- @type
- name
gene knockin
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/geneKnockout
- @type
- name
gene knockout
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/gradientEchoPulseSequence
- @type
- definition
In magnetic resonance imaging, a 'gradient-echo pulse sequence' is a contrast generation technique that rapidly induces bulk changes in the spin magnetization of a sample by applying a series of carefully constructed pulses so that the change in the gradient of the magnetic field is maximized, trading contrast for speed (cf. [Hargreaves (2012)](https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23742)).
- name
gradient-echo pulse sequence
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/heavyMetalNegativeStaining
- @type
- definition
In a 'heavy metal negative staining', a thin and amorphous film of heavy metal salts (e.g. uranyl acetate) is applied on a sample to reveal its structural details for electron microscopy.
- name
heavy metal negative staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/high-resolutionScanning
- @type
- name
high-resolution scanning
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/high-speedVideoRecording
- @type
- name
high-speed video recording
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highDensityElectroencephalography
- @type
- name
high-density electroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- name
high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- name
high-field magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/highThroughputScanning
- @type
- definition
'High-throughput scanning' is a technique for automatic creation of analog or digital images of a large number of samples.
- name
high-throughput scanning
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/histochemistry
- @type
- name
histochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/immunohistochemistry
- @type
- definition
In 'immunohistochemistry' antigens or haptens are detected and visualized in cells of a tissue sections by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.
- name
immunohistochemistry
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/immunoprecipitation
- @type
- name
immunoprecipitation
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/implantSurgery
- @type
- name
implant surgery
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/inSituHybridisation
- @type
- name
in situ hybridisation
metadata sheet
- @id
- @type
- interlexIdentifier
- name
infrared differential interference contrast video microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/IRDIC
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intracellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- definition
A technique used to measure electrical properties of a single cell, e.g. a neuron.
- description
'Intracellular electrophysiology' describes a group of techniques used to measure with precision the voltage across, or electrical currents passing through, neuronal or other cellular membranes by inserting an electrode inside the neuron.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
intracellular electrophysiology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/222
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intracellularInjection
- @type
- name
intracellular injection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intracranialElectroencephalography
- @type
- name
intracranial electroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intraperitonealInjection
- @type
- definition
An 'intraperitoneal injection' is the administration of a substance into the peritoneum (abdominal cavity) via a needle or tube.
- name
intraperitoneal injection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/intravenousInjection
- @type
- definition
An 'intravenous injection' is the administration of a substance into a vein or veins via a needle or tube.
- name
intravenous injection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/iontophoresis
- @type
- name
iontophoresis
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/iontophoreticMicroinjection
- @type
- name
iontophoretic microinjection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/lightMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Light microscopy, also referred to as optical microscopy, comprises any type of microscopy technique that uses visible light to generate magnified images of small objects.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
light microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/lightSheetFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Lightsheet fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique that uses a thin sheet of light to excite only fluorophores within the plane of illumination.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
light sheet fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/lightSheetMicroscopyFluorescent
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/magneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- definition
'Magnetic resonance imaging' is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/magneticResonanceSpectroscopy
- @type
- name
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/magnetoencephalography
- @type
- definition
'Magnetoencephalography' is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique for studying brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoencephalography)]
- interlexIdentifier
- name
magnetoencephalography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/163
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/massSpectrometry
- @type
- name
mass spectrometry
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/microtomeSectioning
- @type
- definition
A technique used to cut specimen in thin slices using a microtome.
- description
The microtome cutting thickness can range between 50 nanometer and 100 micrometer.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
microtome sectioning
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/212
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/multiElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- name
multi-electrode extracellular electrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/multipleWholeCellPatchClamp
- @type
- name
multiple whole cell patch clamp
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/myelinStaining
- @type
- definition
A technique used to selectively alter the appearance of myelin (sheaths) that surround the nerve cell axons.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
myelin staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/nucleicAcidExtraction
- @type
- definition
'Nucleic acid extraction' refers to a group of techniques that all separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids using three major processes: isolation, purification, and concentration.
- name
nucleic acid extraction
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/optogeneticInhibition
- @type
- definition
Optogenetic inhibition is a genetic technique in which the activity of specific neuron populations is decreased using light of a particular wavelength. This can be achieved by expressing light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes specifically in the target neurons.
- name
optogenetic inhibition
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/oralAdministration
- @type
- definition
In an 'oral administration' a substance is taken through the mouth.
- name
oral administration
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/organExtraction
- @type
- name
organ extraction
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/perfusionFixationTechnique
- @type
- definition
Perfusion fixation is a fixation technique to preserve specimen permanently as faithfully as possible compared to the living state by using the vascular system to distribute fixatives throughout the tissue.
- name
perfusion fixation technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/perfusionTechnique
- @type
- definition
Perfusion is a technique to distribute fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
perfusion technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/phaseContrastXRayComputedTomography
- @type
- definition
'Phase-contrast x-ray computed tomography' is a non-invasive x-ray imaging technique for three-dimensional observation of organic matter without application of a contrast medium ([Momose, Takeda, and Itai (1995)](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1145931)).
- name
phase‐contrast x‐ray computed tomography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/phaseContrastXRayImaging
- @type
- definition
'Phase-contrast x-ray imaging' is a general term for different x-ray techniques that use changes in the phase of an x-ray beam passing through an object leading to images with improved soft tissue contrast without the application of a contrast medium. (adapted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging))
- name
phase-contrast x-ray imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/photoactivation
- @type
- name
photoactivation
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/photoinactivation
- @type
- name
photoinactivation
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/photoplethysmography
- @type
- definition
Photoplethysmography is a non-invasive technique to optically detect blood volume changes in the micro-vascular bed of tissue by measuring the transmissive absorption and/or the reflection of light by the skin.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
photoplethysmography
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/polarizedLightMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Polarized light microscopy comprises all optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
polarized light microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/populationReceptiveFieldMapping
- @type
- name
population receptive field mapping
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/positronEmissionTomography
- @type
- name
positron emission tomography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/pressureInjection
- @type
- definition
Pressure injection uses either air compression or mechanical pressure to eject a substance from a micropipette (from Veith et al., 2016; J.Vis.Exp. (109):53724; doi: 10.3791/53724).
- name
pressure injection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/primaryAntibodyStaining
- @type
- name
primary antibody staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/pseudoContinuousArterialSpinLabeling
- @type
- name
pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/psychologicalTesting
- @type
- definition
'Psychological testing' is a psychometric measurement to evaluate a person's response to a psychological test according to carefully prescribed guidelines. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_testing)]
- name
psychological testing
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/quantitativeMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- name
quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/receptiveFieldMapping
- @type
- definition
In 'receptive field mapping' a distinct set of physiological stimuli is used to evoke a sensory neuronal response in specific organisms to define its respective sensory space (receptive field).
- name
receptive field mapping
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/retinotopicMapping
- @type
- definition
In 'retinotopic mapping' the retina is repeatedly stimulated in such a way that the response of neurons, particularly within the visual stream, can be mapped to the location of the stimulus on the retina.
- name
retinotopic mapping
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/retrogradeTracing
- @type
- definition
Retrograde tracing is a technique used to trace neural connections from their point of termination (the synapse) to their source (the cell body).
- description
In 'retrograde tracing' a tracer substance is taken up by synaptic terminals (and sometimes by axons) of neurons in the region where it is injected. Retrograde tracing techniques allow for a detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their inputs throughout the nervous system.
- name
retrograde tracing
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/scanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Scanning electron microscopy is a microscopy technique to produce images of a specimen by scanning the surface with focused beam of electrons.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
scanning electron microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/scanningElectronMicroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/scatteredLightImaging
- @type
- name
scattered light imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/secondaryAntibodyStaining
- @type
- name
secondary antibody staining
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/serialBlockFaceScanningElectronMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is a serial section scanning electron microscopy technique where an ultramicrotome is used to remove the surface layer of a specimen.
- name
serial block face scanning electron microscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/serialSectionTransmissionElectronMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Serial section transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through multiple successive slices of a volumetric sample to produce images of the slices (e.g. for later 3D reconstruction).
- name
serial section transmission electron microscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/sharpElectrodeIntracellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- definition
An intracellular electrophysiology technique where a microelectrode/micropipette is used to measure electrical properties of a single cell, e.g. a neuron.
- description
This technique uses a fine-tipped micropipette/microelectrode that is inserted into the neuron, allowing direct recording of electrical events generated by the neuron (membrane potential, resistance, time constant, synaptic potentials and action potentials).
- interlexIdentifier
- name
sharp electrode intracellular electrophysiology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/sharpElectrodeEphys
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/silverStaining
- @type
- definition
A technique where the appearance of biological subcellular targets (e.g. proteins, RNA or DNA) is selectively alter by use of silver.
- description
Silver can be used to stain subcellular targets such as proteins, peptide, carbohydrates, RNA or DNA. This techniques is typically used on histological sections prior to light microscopy, for the detection of proteins and peptides in polyacrylamide gels or gel electrophoresis.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
silver staining
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/singleElectrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- name
single electrode extracellular electrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/singleElectrodeJuxtacellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- name
single electrode juxtacellular electrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id
- @type
- definition
'Sodium MRI' is a specialised magnetic resonance imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the distribution of sodium in the body. [adapted from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_MRI)]
- name
sodium MRI
metadata sheet
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/spinEchoPulseSequence
- @type
- definition
In magnetic resonance imaging, a 'spin echo pulse sequence' is a contrast generation technique that induces bulk changes in the spin magnetization of a sample by applying sequential pulses of resonant electromagnetic waves at different angles (cf. [Fonseca (2013)](https://doi.org/10.5772/53693)).
- name
spin echo pulse sequence
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/stereoelectroencephalography
- @type
- definition
In 'stereoelectroencephalography' depth electrodes (typically linear electrode arrays) are stereotactically implanted in the brain of a subject in order to record or stimulate electrographic activity of otherwise inaccessible brain regions. [cf. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoelectroencephalography), or [Gholipour et al. 2020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105640)]
- name
stereoelectroencephalography
metadata sheet
- @id
- @type
- definition
An imaging assay that is used for the three-dimensional interpretation of planar sections of materials or tissues.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
stereology
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/79
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/stereotacticSurgery
- @type
- name
stereotactic surgery
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/structuralNeuroimaging
- @type
- name
structural neuroimaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/subcutaneousInjection
- @type
- definition
An 'subcutenous injection' is the administration of a substance under all the layers of the skin via a needle or tube.
- name
subcutaneous injection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/subduralElectrocorticography
- @type
- name
subdural electrocorticography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/tetrodeExtracellularElectrophysiology
- @type
- name
tetrode extracellular electrophysiology
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/time-of-flightMagneticResonanceAngiography
- @type
- definition
'Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography' is a non-invasive, non-contrast-enhanced technique used to visualize both arterial and venous vessels with high spatial resolution. Note: it provides no information regarding directionality nor flow velocity quantification. [adapted from: [Ferreira and Ramalho, 2013](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118434550.ch7)]
- name
time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/tissueClearing
- @type
- name
tissue clearing
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/transcardialPerfusionFixationTechnique
- @type
- definition
Transcardial perfusion fixation is a technique to distribute fixatives throughout tissue via the heart.
- name
transcardial perfusion fixation technique
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/transcardialPerfusionTechnique
- @type
- definition
Transcardial perfusion is a technique to distribute fluid throughout tissue via the heart.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
transcardial perfusion technique
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/167
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/transmissionElectronMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to produce an image.
- name
transmission electron microscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/twoPhotonFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy is a fluorescence microscopy technique for living tissue which is based on the simultaneous excitation by two photons with longer wavelength than the emitted light.
- interlexIdentifier
- name
two-photon fluorescence microscopy
- preferredOntologyIdentifier
http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/technique/twoPhoton
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldFunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- definition
'Ultra high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging' comprises all functional MRI techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name
ultra high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceImaging
- @type
- definition
'Ultra high-field magnetic resonance imaging' comprises all structural MRI techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name
ultra high-field magnetic resonance imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/ultraHighFieldMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy
- @type
- definition
'Ultra high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy' comprises all MRS techniques conducted with a MRI scanner with a magnetic field strength equal or above 7 Tesla.
- name
ultra high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/vibratomeSectioning
- @type
- name
vibratome sectioning
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/videoTracking
- @type
- name
video tracking
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/virus-mediatedTransfection
- @type
- name
virus-mediated transfection
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/voltageClamp
- @type
- definition
'Voltage clamp' comprises all experimental techniques in which the membrane potential (voltage) is constantly changed to a desired value by adding the necessary current to the cell.
- name
voltage clamp
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/voltageSensitiveDyeImaging
- @type
- definition
'Voltage sensitive dye imaging' is an experimental technique to measure neuronal population activity from in vivo brains or live brain slices by transducing changes in the cell membrane potential into changes of fluorescence emission by an employed exogenous chemical agent.
- name
voltage sensitive dye imaging
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/weightedCorrelationNetworkAnalysis
- @type
- definition
Weighted correlation network analysis is a widely used data mining method for studying networks based on pairwise correlations between variables. While it can be applied to most high-dimensional data sets, it has been most widely used in genomic applications. [adopted from: [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_correlation_network_analysis)]
- name
weighted correlation network analysis
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/wholeCellPatchClamp
- @type
- definition
'Whole cell patch clamp' is a patch clamp technique where the pipette is sealed onto a cell membrane applying enough suction to rupture the membrane patch in order to provide access from the interior of the pipette to the intracellular space of the cell.
- name
whole cell patch clamp
metadata sheet
- @id
https://openminds.ebrains.eu/instances/technique/widefieldFluorescenceMicroscopy
- @type
- definition
'Widefield fluorescence microscopy' comprises all microscopy techniques in which fluorescent molecules of an entire sample are excited through a permanent exposure of a light source of a specific wavelength.
- name
widefield fluorescence microscopy