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Non-determinism with manifold and minkowski #4617

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thehans opened this issue Apr 22, 2023 · 2 comments
Open

Non-determinism with manifold and minkowski #4617

thehans opened this issue Apr 22, 2023 · 2 comments

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@thehans
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thehans commented Apr 22, 2023

Describe the bug
I was testing a scad file, which makes heavy use of minkowski, on the new manifold feature in nightlies.

Every render is giving different results.

  • Sometimes it successfully outputs the geometry
    • Although, the number of facets varies for every success
  • Sometimes it hits a CGAL assertion (there are at least 2 different possible assertions I saw)
  • Sometimes it hangs indefinitely (I observed one run taking 30+ minutes, manually killed)
  • At least once I observed it memory leak until 32GB RAM + 32GB swap was used and then OOM killed.

To Reproduce

Steps to reproduce the behavior:

  1. Render the scad script provided below. openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
  2. Repeat
  3. Observe different results each time.

Log from terminal:

$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200                                                                                                                                                           
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0         
Total rendering time: 0:00:12.873
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:      10276            
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200                                                                                                                                                           
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0                                                                                                                                                                   
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0
Total rendering time: 0:00:12.748                                                              
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:       9320
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51                    
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0                                                                   
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0
Total rendering time: 0:00:12.989
Top level object is a 3D object:                                                                                                                                                               
   Facets:       9932  
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51     
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0     
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0     
Total rendering time: 0:00:13.417
Top level object is a 3D object:                                                                                                                                                               
   Facets:       9548                                                                                                                                                                          
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51                                                                        
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0                                                                    
Total rendering time: 0:00:12.681          
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:      10056                                                                          
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200                                                           
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0
Total rendering time: 0:00:13.121
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:       9958
130 $ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0
Total rendering time: 0:00:12.946
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:      10264
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
WARNING: [manifold] Minkowski failed with error, falling back to Nef operation: CGAL ERROR: assertion violation!
Expr: N.is_valid(0,0)
File: /usr/include/CGAL/convex_decomposition_3.h
Line: 136

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'CGAL::Assertion_exception'
  what():  CGAL ERROR: assertion violation!
Expr: N.is_valid(0,0)
File: /usr/include/CGAL/convex_decomposition_3.h
Line: 136
Aborted (core dumped)
134 $ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
Geometries in cache: 51
Geometry cache size in bytes: 104200
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0
Total rendering time: 0:00:14.125
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:      11410
$ openscad-nightly --enable manifold ./test.scad -o out.stl
WARNING: [manifold] Minkowski failed with error, falling back to Nef operation: CGAL ERROR: assertion violation!
Expr: sf_old->mark()
File: /usr/include/CGAL/Convex_decomposition_3/SM_walls.h
Line: 558

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'CGAL::Assertion_exception'
  what():  CGAL ERROR: assertion violation!
Expr: sf_old->mark()
File: /usr/include/CGAL/Convex_decomposition_3/SM_walls.h
Line: 558
Aborted (core dumped)
134 $

Expected behavior
determinism, if possible?

Code reproducing the issue (click to expand)
$fn = 16;

// 2D roundovers without net change in size
//   Relies on negative offsets, which we we can't directly emulate using minkowski *sum*
//   `delta is used, as opposed to radius `r`, in non-rounding part of operation to reduce complexity
module opening(r) offset(r) offset(delta=-r) children(); // round convex edges
module closing(r) offset(-r) offset(delta=r) children(); // round concave edges
module roundover(r) closing(r) opening(r) children();      // round all edges

//use <FunctionalOpenSCAD/functional.scad>      
//use <FunctionalOpenSCAD/alternative_spheres.scad>
// https://github.com/thehans/FunctionalOpenSCAD
module sphere_for_offset(r) {
  // Octahedral geodesic sphere, requires FunctionalOpenSCAD library
  // Plays well with right angle corners
  //poly3d(sphere_subdiv(r=r, divs=ceil($fn/4), poly=OCTAHEDRON()));
  sphere(r=r);
}

// calculate a rough bounding shape, by taking projections of the convex hull along each axis, 
// and intersecting the lineear extrusions of all 3
module bounding_shape(delta, max_coord=1e4) {
  intersection() {
    linear_extrude(height=max_coord*2, center=true, convexity=8) offset(delta=delta) projection() hull() children();
    rotate([-90,0,0]) linear_extrude(height=max_coord*2, center=true, convexity=8) offset(delta=delta) projection() rotate([90,0,0]) hull() children();
    rotate([0,-90,0]) linear_extrude(height=max_coord*2, center=true, convexity=8) offset(delta=delta) projection() rotate([0,90,0]) hull() children();
  }
}

module complement(delta=1, max_coord=1e4) {
  difference() {
    bounding_shape(delta, max_coord) children();
    children();
  }
}

module dilation(r) {
  assert(r>0) minkowski() {
    children();
    sphere_for_offset(r);
  }
}

module erosion(r, max_coord=1e4) {
  assert(r>0) difference() {
    bounding_shape(r+0.2, max_coord) children();
    minkowski() {
      difference() {
        bounding_shape(r+0.1, max_coord) children();
        children();
      }
    sphere_for_offset(r);
    }
  }
}

module opening3d(r, max_coord=1e4) {
  assert(r>0) minkowski() {
    difference() {
      bounding_shape(0.1, max_coord) children();
      minkowski() {
        difference() {
          bounding_shape(0.1, max_coord) children();
          children();
        }
        sphere_for_offset(r);
      }
    }
    sphere_for_offset(r);
  }
}

module closing3d(r, max_coord=1e4) {
  difference() {
    bounding_shape(r, max_coord) children();
    minkowski() {
      difference() {
        bounding_shape((1+1/256)*r, max_coord) children();
        minkowski() {
          children();
          sphere_for_offset(r);
        }
      }
      sphere_for_offset(r);
    }
  }
}

module roundover3d(r, max_coord=1e4) closing3d(r, max_coord) opening3d(r, max_coord) children();

module test_object() {
  difference() {
    linear_extrude(10, convexity=20)
    difference() {
      square(10, center=true);
      square(10);
    }
    translate([-2.5,-2.5, 5]) cube(10);
  }
}

roundover3d(r=1, max_coord=100)
  test_object();

Environment and Version info (please complete the following information):

  • OS: Linux Mint 21.1 (Vera)
  • System: AMD Ryzen 3900X, NVidia GeForce GTX 1660
  • OpenSCAD Version 2023.04.18.nightly
Library Info (click to expand)
OpenSCAD Version: 2023.04.18.nightly (git 21e66f1)
System information: Linux 5.19.0-40-generic #41~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Mar 31 16:00:14 UTC 2 x86_64 Linux Mint 21.1 24 CPUs 31.26 GB RAM
User Agent: OpenSCAD/2023.04.18.nightly (git 21e66f1) (Linux x86_64; Linux Mint 21.1)
Compiler: GCC "11.2.0" 64bit
MinGW build: No
Debug build: No
Boost version: 1_74
Eigen version: 3.4.0
CGAL version, kernels: 5.5.1, Cartesian<Gmpq>, Extended_cartesian<Gmpq>, Epeck
OpenCSG version: OpenCSG 1.4.2
Qt version: 5.15.3
QScintilla version: 2.11.6
InputDrivers: 
GLib version: 2.72.1
lodepng version: 20210627
libzip version: 1.7.3
fontconfig version: 2.13.1
freetype version: 2.11.1
harfbuzz version: 2.7.4
cairo version: 1.16.0
lib3mf version: 1.8.1
Features: fast-csg, fast-csg-safer, fast-csg-debug, manifold*, roof*, input-driver-dbus, lazy-union, vertex-object-renderers*, vertex-object-renderers-indexing*, vertex-object-renderers-direct*, vertex-object-renderers-prealloc*, textmetrics, import-function, predictible-output
Application Path: /usr/bin
Documents Path: /home/hans/.local/share
User Documents Path: /home/hans/Documents
Resource Path: /usr/share/openscad-nightly
User Library Path: /home/hans/.local/share/OpenSCAD/libraries
User Config Path: /home/hans/.config/OpenSCAD
Backup Path: /home/hans/.local/share/OpenSCAD/backups
OPENSCADPATH: <not set>
OpenSCAD library path:
/home/hans/.local/share/OpenSCAD/libraries
/usr/share/openscad-nightly/libraries

OPENSCAD_FONT_PATH: <not set>
OpenSCAD font path:
/usr/share/fonts
/usr/local/share/fonts
/home/hans/.local/share/fonts
/home/hans/.fonts
/usr/share/texmf/fonts/opentype/public/lm
/usr/share/texmf/fonts/opentype/public/lm-math
/usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts
/System/Library/Fonts
/Library/Fonts
/home/hans/Library/Fonts
/usr/share/fonts/X11
/usr/share/fonts/cMap
/usr/share/fonts/cmap
/usr/share/fonts/opentype
/usr/share/fonts/truetype
/usr/share/fonts/type1
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc
/usr/share/fonts/X11/util
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-cns1
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-gb1
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan1
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan2
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-korea1
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/malayalam
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/mathjax
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/urw-base35
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/Gargi
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/Gubbi
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/Nakula
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/Navilu
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/Sahadeva
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/Sarai
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/abyssinica
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/droid
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-beng-extra
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-deva-extra
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-gujr-extra
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-guru-extra
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-kalapi
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-orya-extra
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-telu-extra
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-yrsa-rasa
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/hack
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst-one
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lao
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lato
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation2
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/libreoffice
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-assamese
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-bengali
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-devanagari
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-gujarati
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-kannada
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-malayalam
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-oriya
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-punjabi
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-tamil
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-tamil-classical
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-telugu
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lyx
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/malayalam
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/noto
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/open-sans
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/openoffice
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/padauk
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/pagul
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/samyak
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/samyak-fonts
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sinhala
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/teluguvijayam
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tibetan-machine
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tlwg
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-bitstream-vera
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-khmeros-core
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu
/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts
/usr/share/fonts/type1/urw-base35
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings/large
GLEW version: 2.2.0
OpenGL Version: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 510.108.03
GL Renderer: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660/PCIe/SSE2
GL Vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
RGBA(8880), depth(24), stencil(0)
GL_ARB_framebuffer_object: yes
GL_EXT_framebuffer_object: yes
GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil: yes

Qt graphics widget: QOpenGLWidget
QSurfaceFormat: RGBA(8880), depth(24), stencil(0)

GL Extensions:
GL_AMD_multi_draw_indirect
GL_AMD_seamless_cubemap_per_texture
GL_AMD_vertex_shader_layer
GL_AMD_vertex_shader_viewport_index
GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility
GL_ARB_ES3_1_compatibility
GL_ARB_ES3_2_compatibility
GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility
GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays
GL_ARB_base_instance
GL_ARB_bindless_texture
GL_ARB_blend_func_extended
GL_ARB_buffer_storage
GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object
GL_ARB_clear_texture
GL_ARB_clip_control
GL_ARB_color_buffer_float
GL_ARB_compatibility
GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage
GL_ARB_compute_shader
GL_ARB_compute_variable_group_size
GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted
GL_ARB_conservative_depth
GL_ARB_copy_buffer
GL_ARB_copy_image
GL_ARB_cull_distance
GL_ARB_debug_output
GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float
GL_ARB_depth_clamp
GL_ARB_depth_texture
GL_ARB_derivative_control
GL_ARB_direct_state_access
GL_ARB_draw_buffers
GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend
GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex
GL_ARB_draw_indirect
GL_ARB_draw_instanced
GL_ARB_enhanced_layouts
GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location
GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location
GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions
GL_ARB_fragment_layer_viewport
GL_ARB_fragment_program
GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow
GL_ARB_fragment_shader
GL_ARB_fragment_shader_interlock
GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments
GL_ARB_framebuffer_object
GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB
GL_ARB_geometry_shader4
GL_ARB_get_program_binary
GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image
GL_ARB_gl_spirv
GL_ARB_gpu_shader5
GL_ARB_gpu_shader_fp64
GL_ARB_gpu_shader_int64
GL_ARB_half_float_pixel
GL_ARB_half_float_vertex
GL_ARB_imaging
GL_ARB_indirect_parameters
GL_ARB_instanced_arrays
GL_ARB_internalformat_query
GL_ARB_internalformat_query2
GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata
GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment
GL_ARB_map_buffer_range
GL_ARB_multi_bind
GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect
GL_ARB_multisample
GL_ARB_multitexture
GL_ARB_occlusion_query
GL_ARB_occlusion_query2
GL_ARB_parallel_shader_compile
GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query
GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object
GL_ARB_point_parameters
GL_ARB_point_sprite
GL_ARB_polygon_offset_clamp
GL_ARB_post_depth_coverage
GL_ARB_program_interface_query
GL_ARB_provoking_vertex
GL_ARB_query_buffer_object
GL_ARB_robust_buffer_access_behavior
GL_ARB_robustness
GL_ARB_sample_locations
GL_ARB_sample_shading
GL_ARB_sampler_objects
GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map
GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture
GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects
GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counter_ops
GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters
GL_ARB_shader_ballot
GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding
GL_ARB_shader_clock
GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters
GL_ARB_shader_group_vote
GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store
GL_ARB_shader_image_size
GL_ARB_shader_objects
GL_ARB_shader_precision
GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object
GL_ARB_shader_subroutine
GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples
GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod
GL_ARB_shader_viewport_layer_array
GL_ARB_shading_language_100
GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack
GL_ARB_shading_language_include
GL_ARB_shading_language_packing
GL_ARB_shadow
GL_ARB_sparse_buffer
GL_ARB_sparse_texture
GL_ARB_sparse_texture2
GL_ARB_sparse_texture_clamp
GL_ARB_spirv_extensions
GL_ARB_stencil_texturing
GL_ARB_sync
GL_ARB_tessellation_shader
GL_ARB_texture_barrier
GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp
GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object
GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32
GL_ARB_texture_buffer_range
GL_ARB_texture_compression
GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc
GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc
GL_ARB_texture_cube_map
GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array
GL_ARB_texture_env_add
GL_ARB_texture_env_combine
GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar
GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3
GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic
GL_ARB_texture_filter_minmax
GL_ARB_texture_float
GL_ARB_texture_gather
GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge
GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat
GL_ARB_texture_multisample
GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two
GL_ARB_texture_query_levels
GL_ARB_texture_query_lod
GL_ARB_texture_rectangle
GL_ARB_texture_rg
GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui
GL_ARB_texture_stencil8
GL_ARB_texture_storage
GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample
GL_ARB_texture_swizzle
GL_ARB_texture_view
GL_ARB_timer_query
GL_ARB_transform_feedback2
GL_ARB_transform_feedback3
GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced
GL_ARB_transform_feedback_overflow_query
GL_ARB_transpose_matrix
GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object
GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra
GL_ARB_vertex_array_object
GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_64bit
GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding
GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object
GL_ARB_vertex_program
GL_ARB_vertex_shader
GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev
GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev
GL_ARB_viewport_array
GL_ARB_window_pos
GL_ATI_draw_buffers
GL_ATI_texture_float
GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once
GL_EXTX_framebuffer_mixed_formats
GL_EXT_Cg_shader
GL_EXT_abgr
GL_EXT_bgra
GL_EXT_bindable_uniform
GL_EXT_blend_color
GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate
GL_EXT_blend_func_separate
GL_EXT_blend_minmax
GL_EXT_blend_subtract
GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array
GL_EXT_depth_bounds_test
GL_EXT_direct_state_access
GL_EXT_draw_buffers2
GL_EXT_draw_instanced
GL_EXT_draw_range_elements
GL_EXT_fog_coord
GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit
GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample
GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled
GL_EXT_framebuffer_object
GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB
GL_EXT_geometry_shader4
GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters
GL_EXT_gpu_shader4
GL_EXT_import_sync_object
GL_EXT_memory_object
GL_EXT_memory_object_fd
GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays
GL_EXT_multiview_texture_multisample
GL_EXT_multiview_timer_query
GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil
GL_EXT_packed_float
GL_EXT_packed_pixels
GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object
GL_EXT_point_parameters
GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp
GL_EXT_post_depth_coverage
GL_EXT_provoking_vertex
GL_EXT_raster_multisample
GL_EXT_rescale_normal
GL_EXT_secondary_color
GL_EXT_semaphore
GL_EXT_semaphore_fd
GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects
GL_EXT_separate_specular_color
GL_EXT_shader_image_load_formatted
GL_EXT_shader_image_load_store
GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix
GL_EXT_shadow_funcs
GL_EXT_sparse_texture2
GL_EXT_stencil_two_side
GL_EXT_stencil_wrap
GL_EXT_texture3D
GL_EXT_texture_array
GL_EXT_texture_buffer_object
GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1
GL_EXT_texture_compression_latc
GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc
GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc
GL_EXT_texture_cube_map
GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp
GL_EXT_texture_env_add
GL_EXT_texture_env_combine
GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3
GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic
GL_EXT_texture_filter_minmax
GL_EXT_texture_integer
GL_EXT_texture_lod
GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias
GL_EXT_texture_mirror_clamp
GL_EXT_texture_object
GL_EXT_texture_sRGB
GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_R8
GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode
GL_EXT_texture_shadow_lod
GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent
GL_EXT_texture_storage
GL_EXT_texture_swizzle
GL_EXT_timer_query
GL_EXT_transform_feedback2
GL_EXT_vertex_array
GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra
GL_EXT_vertex_attrib_64bit
GL_EXT_window_rectangles
GL_EXT_x11_sync_object
GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip
GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat
GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced
GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced_coherent
GL_KHR_context_flush_control
GL_KHR_debug
GL_KHR_no_error
GL_KHR_parallel_shader_compile
GL_KHR_robust_buffer_access_behavior
GL_KHR_robustness
GL_KHR_shader_subgroup
GL_KTX_buffer_region
GL_NVX_blend_equation_advanced_multi_draw_buffers
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Additional context
The script is meant to experiment with morphology operations and composing them into a generic "roundover" operation which can fillet both convex and concave edges, without affecting the bounding box of the object.

In 2D, we can use offset and these are trivial to implement. But in 3D the closest thing we have to offset is minkowski with a sphere.
Since minkowski addition can't directly simulate a negative offset, a number of additional operations are done to act as geometric complement, operating on that with positive offsets, etc.

I was originally testing with an octahedral geodesic sphere from a library of mine, but replaced with standard sphere so there would be no external dependencies. Near the top of the script the use directives can be un-commented and the commented line inside sphere_for_offset can be swapped if interested in trying. The same types of issues result either way.

@thehans
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thehans commented Apr 23, 2023

ping @ochafik

@pca006132
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pca006132 commented Nov 19, 2023

If you enable manifold deterministic option:

diff --git a/src/openscad.cc b/src/openscad.cc
index f4646bbf3..8ed411d8a 100644
--- a/src/openscad.cc
+++ b/src/openscad.cc
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <fstream>
 
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANIFOLD
+#include "manifold.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef ENABLE_CGAL
 
 #include "CGAL_Nef_polyhedron.h"
@@ -918,6 +922,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   init_mimalloc();
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_MANIFOLD
+  manifold::ManifoldParams().deterministic = true;
+#endif
+
   int rc = 0;
   StackCheck::inst();
 

and disable parallel minkowski by setting OPENSCAD_NO_PARALLEL=1, you will have deterministic output.

Geometries in cache: 10
Geometry cache size in bytes: 293984
CGAL Polyhedrons in cache: 0
CGAL cache size in bytes: 0
Total rendering time: 0:00:05.066
Top level object is a 3D object:
   Facets:       8854

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