cmd.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function

COPYRIGHT = """\
Copyright (C) 2011-2012 OpenStack LLC.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License."""

import argparse
import datetime
import getpass
import json
import os
import re
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap

import pkg_resources
import requests

if sys.version < '3':
    import ConfigParser
    import urllib
    import urlparse
    urlencode = urllib.urlencode
    urljoin = urlparse.urljoin
    urlparse = urlparse.urlparse
    do_input = raw_input
else:
    import configparser as ConfigParser

    import urllib.parse
    import urllib.request
    urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
    urljoin = urllib.parse.urljoin
    urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
    do_input = input

VERBOSE = False
UPDATE = False
LOCAL_MODE = 'GITREVIEW_LOCAL_MODE' in os.environ
CONFIGDIR = os.path.expanduser("~/.config/git-review")
GLOBAL_CONFIG = "/etc/git-review/git-review.conf"
USER_CONFIG = os.path.join(CONFIGDIR, "git-review.conf")
DEFAULTS = dict(scheme='ssh', hostname=False, port=None, project=False,
                branch='master', remote="gerrit", rebase="1",
                track="0", usepushurl="0")

_branch_name = None
_has_color = None
_use_color = None
_orig_head = None
_rewrites = None
_rewrites_push = None


def print_safe_encoding(str):
    if sys.stdout.encoding is None:
        print(str)
    else:
        print(str.encode(sys.stdout.encoding, 'replace'))


class colors(object):
    yellow = '\033[33m'
    green = '\033[92m'
    reset = '\033[0m'
    blue = '\033[36m'


class GitReviewException(Exception):
    EXIT_CODE = 127


class CommandFailed(GitReviewException):

    def __init__(self, *args):
        Exception.__init__(self, *args)
        (self.rc, self.output, self.argv, self.envp) = args
        self.quickmsg = dict([
            ("argv", " ".join(self.argv)),
            ("rc", self.rc),
            ("output", self.output)])

    def __str__(self):
        return self.__doc__ + """
The following command failed with exit code %(rc)d
    "%(argv)s"
-----------------------
%(output)s
-----------------------""" % self.quickmsg


class ChangeSetException(GitReviewException):

    def __init__(self, e):
        GitReviewException.__init__(self)
        self.e = str(e)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.__doc__ % self.e


def printwrap(unwrapped):
    print('\n'.join(textwrap.wrap(unwrapped)))


def warn(warning):
    printwrap("WARNING: %s")


def parse_review_number(review):
    parts = review.split(',')
    if len(parts) < 2:
        parts.append(None)
    return parts


def build_review_number(review, patchset):
    if patchset is not None:
        return '%s,%s' % (review, patchset)
    return review


def run_command_status(*argv, **kwargs):
    if VERBOSE:
        print(datetime.datetime.now(), "Running:", " ".join(argv))
    if len(argv) == 1:
        # for python2 compatibility with shlex
        if sys.version_info < (3,) and isinstance(argv[0], unicode):
            argv = shlex.split(argv[0].encode('utf-8'))
        else:
            argv = shlex.split(str(argv[0]))
    stdin = kwargs.pop('stdin', None)
    newenv = os.environ.copy()
    newenv['LANG'] = 'C'
    newenv['LANGUAGE'] = 'C'
    newenv.update(kwargs)
    p = subprocess.Popen(argv,
                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE if stdin else None,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                         env=newenv)
    (out, nothing) = p.communicate(stdin)
    out = out.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
    return (p.returncode, out.strip())


def run_command(*argv, **kwargs):
    (rc, output) = run_command_status(*argv, **kwargs)
    return output


def run_command_exc(klazz, *argv, **env):
    """Run command *argv, on failure raise klazz

    klazz should be derived from CommandFailed
    """
    (rc, output) = run_command_status(*argv, **env)
    if rc != 0:
        raise klazz(rc, output, argv, env)
    return output


def git_credentials(url):
    """Return credentials using git credential or None."""
    cmd = 'git', 'credential', 'fill'
    stdin = 'url=%s' % url
    rc, out = run_command_status(*cmd, stdin=stdin)
    if rc:
        return None
    data = dict(l.split('=', 1) for l in out.splitlines())
    return data['username'], data['password']


def http_code_2_return_code(code):
    """Tranform http status code to system return code."""
    return (code - 301) % 255 + 1


def run_http_exc(klazz, url, **env):
    """Run http GET request url, on failure raise klazz

    klazz should be derived from CommandFailed
    """
    if url.startswith("https://") and "verify" not in env:
        if "GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" in os.environ:
            env["verify"] = False
        else:
            verify = git_config_get_value("http", "sslVerify", as_bool=True)
            env["verify"] = verify != 'false'

    try:
        res = requests.get(url, **env)
        if res.status_code == 401:
            creds = git_credentials(url)
            if creds:
                env['auth'] = creds
                res = requests.get(url, **env)
    except klazz:
        raise
    except Exception as err:
        raise klazz(255, str(err), ('GET', url), env)
    if not 200 <= res.status_code < 300:
        raise klazz(http_code_2_return_code(res.status_code),
                    res.text, ('GET', url), env)
    return res


def get_version():
    requirement = pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('git-review')
    provider = pkg_resources.get_provider(requirement)
    return provider.version


def git_directories():
    """Determine (absolute git work directory path, .git subdirectory path)."""
    cmd = ("git", "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel", "--git-dir")
    out = run_command_exc(GitDirectoriesException, *cmd)
    try:
        return out.splitlines()
    except ValueError:
        raise GitDirectoriesException(0, out, cmd, {})


class GitDirectoriesException(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot determine where .git directory is."
    EXIT_CODE = 70


class CustomScriptException(CommandFailed):
    """Custom script execution failed."""
    EXIT_CODE = 71


def run_custom_script(action):
    """Get status and output of .git/hooks/$action-review or/and
    ~/.config/hooks/$action-review if existing.
    """
    returns = []
    script_file = "%s-review" % (action)
    (top_dir, git_dir) = git_directories()
    paths = [os.path.join(CONFIGDIR, "hooks", script_file),
             os.path.join(git_dir, "hooks", script_file)]
    for fpath in paths:
        if os.path.isfile(fpath) and os.access(fpath, os.X_OK):
            status, output = run_command_status(fpath)
            returns.append((status, output, fpath))

    for (status, output, path) in returns:
        if status is not None and status != 0:
            raise CustomScriptException(status, output, [path], {})
        elif output and VERBOSE:
            print("script %s output is:" % (path))
            print_safe_encoding(output)


def git_config_get_value(section, option, default=None, as_bool=False):
    """Get config value for section/option."""
    cmd = ["git", "config", "--get", "%s.%s" % (section, option)]
    if as_bool:
        cmd.insert(2, "--bool")
    if LOCAL_MODE:
        __, git_dir = git_directories()
        cmd[2:2] = ['-f', os.path.join(git_dir, 'config')]
    try:
        return run_command_exc(GitConfigException, *cmd).strip()
    except GitConfigException as exc:
        if exc.rc == 1:
            return default
        raise


class Config(object):
    """Expose as dictionary configuration options."""

    def __init__(self, config_file=None):
        self.config = DEFAULTS.copy()
        filenames = [] if LOCAL_MODE else [GLOBAL_CONFIG, USER_CONFIG]
        if config_file:
            filenames.append(config_file)
        for filename in filenames:
            if os.path.exists(filename):
                if filename != config_file:
                    msg = ("Using global/system git-review config files (%s) "
                           "is deprecated and will be removed in a future "
                           "release")
                    warn(msg % filename)
                self.config.update(load_config_file(filename))

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        value = git_config_get_value('gitreview', key)
        if value is None:
            value = self.config[key]
        return value


class GitConfigException(CommandFailed):
    """Git config value retrieval failed."""
    EXIT_CODE = 128


class CannotInstallHook(CommandFailed):
    "Problems encountered installing commit-msg hook"
    EXIT_CODE = 2


def set_hooks_commit_msg(remote, target_file):
    """Install the commit message hook if needed."""

    # Create the hooks directory if it's not there already
    hooks_dir = os.path.dirname(target_file)
    if not os.path.isdir(hooks_dir):
        os.mkdir(hooks_dir)

    if not os.path.exists(target_file) or UPDATE:
        remote_url = get_remote_url(remote)
        if (remote_url.startswith('http://') or
                remote_url.startswith('https://')):
            hook_url = urljoin(remote_url, '/tools/hooks/commit-msg')
            if VERBOSE:
                print("Fetching commit hook from: %s" % hook_url)
            res = run_http_exc(CannotInstallHook, hook_url, stream=True)
            with open(target_file, 'wb') as f:
                for x in res.iter_content(1024):
                    f.write(x)
        else:
            (hostname, username, port, project_name) = \
                parse_gerrit_ssh_params_from_git_url(remote_url)
            if username is None:
                userhost = hostname
            else:
                userhost = "%s@%s" % (username, hostname)
            # OS independent target file
            scp_target_file = target_file.replace(os.sep, "/")
            cmd = ["scp", userhost + ":hooks/commit-msg", scp_target_file]
            if port is not None:
                cmd.insert(1, "-P%s" % port)

            if VERBOSE:
                hook_url = 'scp://%s%s/hooks/commit-msg' \
                           % (userhost, (":%s" % port) if port else "")
                print("Fetching commit hook from: %s" % hook_url)
            run_command_exc(CannotInstallHook, *cmd)

    if not os.access(target_file, os.X_OK):
        os.chmod(target_file, os.path.stat.S_IREAD | os.path.stat.S_IEXEC)


def test_remote_url(remote_url):
    """Tests that a possible gerrit remote url works."""
    status, description = run_command_status("git", "push", "--dry-run",
                                             remote_url, "--all")
    if status != 128:
        if VERBOSE:
            print("%s worked. Description: %s" % (remote_url, description))
        return True
    else:
        if VERBOSE:
            print("%s did not work. Description: %s" % (
                remote_url, description))
        return False


def make_remote_url(scheme, username, hostname, port, project):
    """Builds a gerrit remote URL."""
    if port is None and scheme == 'ssh':
        port = 29418
    hostport = '%s:%s' % (hostname, port) if port else hostname
    if username is None:
        return "%s://%s/%s" % (scheme, hostport, project)
    else:
        return "%s://%s@%s/%s" % (scheme, username, hostport, project)


def add_remote(scheme, hostname, port, project, remote, usepushurl):
    """Adds a gerrit remote."""
    asked_for_username = False

    username = git_config_get_value("gitreview", "username")
    if not username:
        username = getpass.getuser()

    remote_url = make_remote_url(scheme, username, hostname, port, project)
    if VERBOSE:
        print("No remote set, testing %s" % remote_url)
    if not test_remote_url(remote_url):
        print("Could not connect to gerrit.")
        username = do_input("Enter your gerrit username: ")
        remote_url = make_remote_url(scheme, username, hostname, port, project)
        print("Trying again with %s" % remote_url)
        if not test_remote_url(remote_url):
            raise GerritConnectionException(
                "Could not connect to gerrit at %s" % remote_url
            )
        asked_for_username = True

    if usepushurl:
        cmd = "git remote set-url --push %s %s" % (remote, remote_url)
        print("Adding a git push url to '%s' that maps to:" % remote)
    else:
        cmd = "git remote add -f %s %s" % (remote, remote_url)
        print("Creating a git remote called '%s' that maps to:" % remote)
    print("\t%s" % remote_url)

    (status, remote_output) = run_command_status(cmd)
    if status != 0:
        raise CommandFailed(status, remote_output, cmd, {})

    if asked_for_username:
        print()
        printwrap("This repository is now set up for use with git-review. "
                  "You can set the default username for future repositories "
                  "with:")
        print('  git config --global --add gitreview.username "%s"' % username)
        print()


def populate_rewrites():
    """Populate the global _rewrites and _rewrites_push maps based on the
    output of "git-config".
    """

    cmd = ['git', 'config', '--list']
    out = run_command_exc(CommandFailed, *cmd).strip()

    global _rewrites, _rewrites_push
    _rewrites = {}
    _rewrites_push = {}

    for entry in out.splitlines():
        key, _, value = entry.partition('=')
        key = key.lower()

        if key.startswith('url.') and key.endswith('.insteadof'):
            rewrite = key[len('url.'):-len('.insteadof')]
            if rewrite:
                _rewrites[value] = rewrite
        elif key.startswith('url.') and key.endswith('.pushinsteadof'):
            rewrite = key[len('url.'):-len('.pushinsteadof')]
            if rewrite:
                _rewrites_push[value] = rewrite


def alias_url(url, rewrite_push):
    """Expand a remote URL. Use the global map _rewrites to replace the
    longest match with its equivalent. If rewrite_push is True, try
    _rewrites_push before _rewrites.
    """

    if _rewrites is None:
        populate_rewrites()

    if rewrite_push:
        maps = [_rewrites_push, _rewrites]
    else:
        maps = [_rewrites]

    for rewrites in maps:
        # If Git finds a pushInsteadOf alias, it uses that even if
        # there is a longer insteadOf alias.
        longest = None
        for alias in rewrites:
            if (url.startswith(alias)
                    and (longest is None or len(longest) < len(alias))):
                longest = alias

        if longest:
            return url.replace(longest, rewrites[longest])

    return url


def get_remote_url(remote):
    """Retrieve the remote URL. Read the configuration to expand the URL of a
    remote repository taking into account any "url.<base>.insteadOf" or
    "url.<base>.pushInsteadOf" config setting.

    TODO: Replace current code with something like "git ls-remote
    --get-url" after Git grows a version of it that returns the push
    URL rather than the fetch URL.
    """

    push_url = git_config_get_value('remote.%s' % remote, 'pushurl')
    if push_url is not None:
        # Git rewrites pushurl using insteadOf but not pushInsteadOf.
        push_url = alias_url(push_url, False)
    else:
        url = git_config_get_value('remote.%s' % remote, 'url')
        # Git rewrites url using pushInsteadOf or insteadOf.
        push_url = alias_url(url, True)
    if VERBOSE:
        print("Found origin Push URL:", push_url)
    return push_url


def parse_gerrit_ssh_params_from_git_url(git_url):
    """Parse a given Git "URL" into Gerrit parameters. Git "URLs" are either
    real URLs or SCP-style addresses.
    """

    # The exact code for this in Git itself is a bit obtuse, so just do
    # something sensible and pythonic here instead of copying the exact
    # minutiae from Git.

    # Handle real(ish) URLs
    if "://" in git_url:
        parsed_url = urlparse(git_url)
        path = parsed_url.path

        hostname = parsed_url.netloc
        username = None
        port = parsed_url.port

        # Workaround bug in urlparse on OSX
        if parsed_url.scheme == "ssh" and parsed_url.path[:2] == "//":
            hostname = parsed_url.path[2:].split("/")[0]

        if "@" in hostname:
            (username, hostname) = hostname.split("@")
        if ":" in hostname:
            (hostname, port) = hostname.split(":")

        if port is not None:
            port = str(port)

    # Handle SCP-style addresses
    else:
        username = None
        port = None
        (hostname, path) = git_url.split(":", 1)
        if "@" in hostname:
            (username, hostname) = hostname.split("@", 1)

    # Strip leading slash and trailing .git from the path to form the project
    # name.
    project_name = re.sub(r"^/|(\.git$)", "", path)

    return (hostname, username, port, project_name)


def query_reviews(remote_url, change=None, current_patch_set=True,
                  exception=CommandFailed, parse_exc=Exception):
    if remote_url.startswith('http://') or remote_url.startswith('https://'):
        query = query_reviews_over_http
    else:
        query = query_reviews_over_ssh
    return query(remote_url,
                 change=change,
                 current_patch_set=current_patch_set,
                 exception=exception,
                 parse_exc=parse_exc)


def query_reviews_over_http(remote_url, change=None, current_patch_set=True,
                            exception=CommandFailed, parse_exc=Exception):
    url = urljoin(remote_url, '/changes/')
    if change:
        if current_patch_set:
            url += '?q=%s&o=CURRENT_REVISION' % change
        else:
            url += '?q=%s&o=ALL_REVISIONS' % change
    else:
        project_name = re.sub(r"^/|(\.git$)", "", urlparse(remote_url).path)
        params = urlencode({'q': 'project:%s status:open' % project_name})
        url += '?' + params

    if VERBOSE:
        print("Query gerrit %s" % url)
    request = run_http_exc(exception, url)
    if VERBOSE:
        print(request.text)
    reviews = json.loads(request.text[4:])

    # Reformat output to match ssh output
    try:
        for review in reviews:
            review["number"] = str(review.pop("_number"))
            if "revisions" not in review:
                continue
            patchsets = {}
            for key, revision in review["revisions"].items():
                fetch_value = list(revision["fetch"].values())[0]
                patchset = {"number": str(revision["_number"]),
                            "ref": fetch_value["ref"]}
                patchsets[key] = patchset
            review["patchSets"] = patchsets.values()
            review["currentPatchSet"] = patchsets[review["current_revision"]]
    except Exception as err:
        raise parse_exc(err)

    return reviews


def query_reviews_over_ssh(remote_url, change=None, current_patch_set=True,
                           exception=CommandFailed, parse_exc=Exception):
    (hostname, username, port, project_name) = \
        parse_gerrit_ssh_params_from_git_url(remote_url)

    if change:
        if current_patch_set:
            query = "--current-patch-set change:%s" % change
        else:
            query = "--patch-sets change:%s" % change
    else:
        query = "project:%s status:open" % project_name

    port_data = "p%s" % port if port is not None else ""
    if username is None:
        userhost = hostname
    else:
        userhost = "%s@%s" % (username, hostname)

    if VERBOSE:
        print("Query gerrit %s %s" % (remote_url, query))
    output = run_command_exc(
        exception,
        "ssh", "-x" + port_data, userhost,
        "gerrit", "query",
        "--format=JSON %s" % query)
    if VERBOSE:
        print_safe_encoding(output)

    changes = []
    try:
        for line in output.split("\n"):
            if line[0] == "{":
                try:
                    data = json.loads(line)
                    if "type" not in data:
                        changes.append(data)
                except Exception:
                    if VERBOSE:
                        print_safe_encoding(output)
    except Exception as err:
        raise parse_exc(err)
    return changes


def set_color_output(color="auto"):
    global _use_color
    if check_color_support():
        if color == "auto":
            check_use_color_output()
        else:
            _use_color = color == "always"


def check_use_color_output():
    global _use_color
    if _use_color is None:
        if check_color_support():
            # we can support color, now check if we should use it
            stdout = "true" if sys.stdout.isatty() else "false"
            test_command = "git config --get-colorbool color.review " + stdout
            color = run_command(test_command)
            _use_color = color == "true"
        else:
            _use_color = False
    return _use_color


def check_color_support():
    global _has_color
    if _has_color is None:
        test_command = "git log --color=never --oneline HEAD^1..HEAD"
        (status, output) = run_command_status(test_command)
        if status == 0:
            _has_color = True
        else:
            _has_color = False
    return _has_color


def load_config_file(config_file):
    """Load configuration options from a file."""
    configParser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    configParser.read(config_file)
    options = {
        'scheme': 'scheme',
        'hostname': 'host',
        'port': 'port',
        'project': 'project',
        'branch': 'defaultbranch',
        'remote': 'defaultremote',
        'rebase': 'defaultrebase',
        'track': 'track',
        'usepushurl': 'usepushurl',
    }
    config = {}
    for config_key, option_name in options.items():
        if configParser.has_option('gerrit', option_name):
            config[config_key] = configParser.get('gerrit', option_name)
    return config


def update_remote(remote):
    cmd = "git remote update %s" % remote
    (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd)
    if VERBOSE:
        print_safe_encoding(output)
    if status != 0:
        print("Problem running '%s'" % cmd)
        if not VERBOSE:
            print_safe_encoding(output)
        return False
    return True


def parse_tracking(ref=None):
    """Return tracked (remote, branch) of current HEAD or other named
       branch if tracking remote.
    """
    if ref is None:
        ref = run_command_exc(
            SymbolicRefFailed,
            "git", "symbolic-ref", "-q", "HEAD")
    tracked = run_command_exc(
        ForEachRefFailed,
        "git", "for-each-ref", "--format=%(upstream)", ref)

    # Only on explicitly tracked remote branch do we diverge from default
    if tracked and tracked.startswith('refs/remotes/'):
        return tracked[13:].partition('/')[::2]

    return None, None


def resolve_tracking(remote, branch):
    """Resolve tracked upstream remote/branch if current branch is tracked."""
    tracked_remote, tracked_branch = parse_tracking()
    # tracked_branch will be empty when tracking a local branch
    if tracked_branch:
        if VERBOSE:
            print('Following tracked %s/%s rather than default %s/%s' % (
                  tracked_remote, tracked_branch,
                  remote, branch))
        return tracked_remote, tracked_branch

    return remote, branch


def check_remote(branch, remote, scheme, hostname, port, project,
                 usepushurl=False):
    """Check that a Gerrit Git remote repo exists, if not, set one."""

    if usepushurl:
        push_url = git_config_get_value('remote.%s' % remote, 'pushurl', None)
        if push_url:
            return
    else:
        has_color = check_color_support()
        if has_color:
            color_never = "--color=never"
        else:
            color_never = ""

        if remote in run_command("git remote").split("\n"):

            remotes = run_command("git branch -a %s" % color_never).split("\n")
            for current_remote in remotes:
                remote_string = "remotes/%s/%s" % (remote, branch)
                if (current_remote.strip() == remote_string and not UPDATE):
                    return
            # We have the remote, but aren't set up to fetch. Fix it
            if VERBOSE:
                print("Setting up gerrit branch tracking for better rebasing")
            update_remote(remote)
            return

    if hostname is False or project is False:
        # This means there was no .gitreview file
        printwrap("No '.gitreview' file found in this repository. We don't "
                  "know where your gerrit is.")
        if usepushurl:
            printwrap("Please set the push-url on your origin remote to the "
                      "location of your gerrit server and try again")
        else:
            printwrap("Please manually create a remote "
                      "named \"%s\" and try again." % remote)
        sys.exit(1)

    # Gerrit remote not present, try to add it
    try:
        add_remote(scheme, hostname, port, project, remote, usepushurl)
    except Exception:
        if usepushurl:
            printwrap("We don't know where your gerrit is. Please manually"
                      " add a push-url to the '%s' remote and try again."
                      % remote)
        else:
            printwrap("We don't know where your gerrit is. Please manually"
                      " create a remote named '%s' and try again." % remote)
        raise


def rebase_changes(branch, remote, interactive=True):

    global _orig_head

    remote_branch = "remotes/%s/%s" % (remote, branch)

    if not update_remote(remote):
        return False

    # since the value of ORIG_HEAD may not be set by rebase as expected
    # for use in undo_rebase, make sure to save it explicitly
    cmd = "git rev-parse HEAD"
    (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd)
    if status != 0:
        print("Errors running %s" % cmd)
        if interactive:
            print_safe_encoding(output)
        return False
    _orig_head = output

    cmd = "git show-ref --quiet --verify refs/%s" % remote_branch
    (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd)
    if status != 0:
        printwrap("The branch '%s' does not exist on the given remote '%s'. "
                  "If these changes are intended to start a new branch, "
                  "re-run with the '-R' option enabled." % (branch, remote))
        sys.exit(1)

    if interactive:
        cmd = "git rebase -p -i %s" % remote_branch
    else:
        cmd = "git rebase -p %s" % remote_branch

    (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd, GIT_EDITOR='true')
    if status != 0:
        print("Errors running %s" % cmd)
        if interactive:
            print_safe_encoding(output)
            print("It is likely that your change has a merge conflict. "
                  "You may resolve it in the working tree now as "
                  "described above and then run 'git review' again, or "
                  "if you do not want to resolve it yet (note that the "
                  "change can not merge until the conflict is resolved) "
                  "you may run 'git rebase --abort' then 'git review -R' "
                  "to upload the change without rebasing.")
        return False
    return True


def undo_rebase():
    global _orig_head
    if not _orig_head:
        return True

    cmd = "git reset --hard %s" % _orig_head
    (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd)
    if status != 0:
        print("Errors running %s" % cmd)
        print_safe_encoding(output)
        return False
    return True


def get_branch_name(target_branch):
    global _branch_name
    if _branch_name is not None:
        return _branch_name
    cmd = "git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name --abbrev-ref HEAD"
    _branch_name = run_command(cmd)
    if _branch_name == "HEAD":
        # detached head or no branch found
        _branch_name = target_branch
    return _branch_name


def assert_one_change(remote, branch, yes, have_hook):
    if check_use_color_output():
        use_color = "--color=always"
    else:
        use_color = "--color=never"
    cmd = ("git log %s --decorate --oneline HEAD --not --remotes=%s" % (
           use_color, remote))
    (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd)
    if status != 0:
        print("Had trouble running %s" % cmd)
        print_safe_encoding(output)
        sys.exit(1)
    filtered = filter(None, output.split("\n"))
    output_lines = sum(1 for s in filtered)
    if output_lines == 1 and not have_hook:
        printwrap("Your change was committed before the commit hook was "
                  "installed. Amending the commit to add a gerrit change id.")
        run_command("git commit --amend", GIT_EDITOR='true')
    elif output_lines == 0:
        printwrap("No changes between HEAD and %s/%s. Submitting for review "
                  "would be pointless." % (remote, branch))
        sys.exit(1)
    elif output_lines > 1:
        if not yes:
            printwrap("You are about to submit multiple commits. This is "
                      "expected if you are submitting a commit that is "
                      "dependent on one or more in-review commits, or if you "
                      "are submitting multiple self-contained but dependent "
                      "changes. Otherwise you should consider squashing your "
                      "changes into one commit before submitting (for "
                      "indivisible changes) or submitting from separate "
                      "branches (for independent changes).")
            print("\nThe outstanding commits are:\n\n%s\n\n"
                  "Do you really want to submit the above commits?" % output)
            yes_no = do_input("Type 'yes' to confirm, other to cancel: ")
            if yes_no.lower().strip() != "yes":
                print("Aborting.")
                sys.exit(1)


def use_topic(why, topic):
    """Inform the user about why a particular topic has been selected."""
    if VERBOSE:
        print(why % ('"%s"' % topic,))
    return topic


def get_topic(target_branch):

    branch_name = get_branch_name(target_branch)

    branch_parts = branch_name.split("/")
    if len(branch_parts) >= 3 and branch_parts[0] == "review":
        return use_topic("Using change number %s "
                         "for the topic of the change submitted",
                         "/".join(branch_parts[2:]))

    preferred_log_format = "%B"
    log_output = run_command("git log --pretty='" + preferred_log_format +
                             "' HEAD^1..HEAD")
    if log_output == preferred_log_format:
        # The %B format specifier is supported starting at Git v1.7.2. If it's
        # not supported, we'll just get back '%B', so we try something else.
        # The downside of %s is that it removes newlines in the subject.
        log_output = run_command("git log --pretty='%s%n%b' HEAD^1..HEAD")
    bug_re = r'''(?x)                # verbose regexp
                 \b([Bb]ug|[Ll][Pp]) # bug or lp
                 [ \t\f\v]*          # don't want to match newline
                 [:]?                # separator if needed
                 [ \t\f\v]*          # don't want to match newline
                 [#]?                # if needed
                 [ \t\f\v]*          # don't want to match newline
                 (\d+)               # bug number'''

    match = re.search(bug_re, log_output)
    if match is not None:
        return use_topic("Using bug number %s "
                         "for the topic of the change submitted",
                         "bug/%s" % match.group(2))

    bp_re = r'''(?x)                         # verbose regexp
                \b([Bb]lue[Pp]rint|[Bb][Pp]) # a blueprint or bp
                [ \t\f\v]*                   # don't want to match newline
                [#:]?                        # separator if needed
                [ \t\f\v]*                   # don't want to match newline
                ([0-9a-zA-Z-_]+)             # any identifier or number'''
    match = re.search(bp_re, log_output)
    if match is not None:
        return use_topic("Using blueprint number %s "
                         "for the topic of the change submitted",
                         "bp/%s" % match.group(2))

    return use_topic("Using local branch name %s "
                     "for the topic of the change submitted",
                     branch_name)


class CannotQueryOpenChangesets(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot fetch review information from gerrit"
    EXIT_CODE = 32


class CannotParseOpenChangesets(ChangeSetException):
    "Cannot parse JSON review information from gerrit"
    EXIT_CODE = 33


class Review(dict):
    _default_fields = ('branch', 'topic', 'subject')

    def __init__(self, data):
        if 'number' not in data:
            raise TypeError("<Review> requires 'number' key in data")

        super(Review, self).__init__(data)

        # provide default values for some fields
        for field in self._default_fields:
            self[field] = self.get(field, '-')


class ReviewsPrinter(object):
    def __init__(self, with_topic=False):
        if with_topic:
            self.fields = ('number', 'branch', 'topic', 'subject')
            # > is right justify, < is left, field indices for py26
            self.fields_format = [
                u"{0:>{1}}", u"{2:>{3}}", u"{4:>{5}}", u"{6:<{7}}"]
        else:
            self.fields = ('number', 'branch', 'subject')
            # > is right justify, < is left, field indices for py26
            self.fields_format = [u"{0:>{1}}", u"{2:>{3}}", u"{4:<{5}}"]

        self.fields_colors = ("", "", "", "")
        self.color_reset = ""
        if check_use_color_output():
            self.fields_colors = (
                colors.yellow, colors.green, colors.blue, "")
            self.color_reset = colors.reset

        self.reviews = []

    @property
    def fields_width(self):
        return [
            max(len(str(review[field])) for review in self.reviews)
            for field in self.fields[:-1]
        ] + [1]

    def _get_field_format_str(self, field):
        index = self.fields.index(field)
        return (
            self.fields_colors[index] +
            self.fields_format[index] +
            self.color_reset
        )

    def add_review(self, review):
        self.reviews.append(review)

    def _get_fields_format_str(self):
        return "  ".join([
            self._get_field_format_str(field)
            for field in self.fields])

    def print_review(self, review):
        fields_format_str = self._get_fields_format_str()

        formatted_fields = []
        for field, width in zip(self.fields, self.fields_width):
            formatted_fields.extend((
                review[field], width
            ))

        print(fields_format_str.format(*formatted_fields))

    def do_print(self, reviews):

        total_reviews = len(reviews)

        for review in reviews:
            self.print_review(review)

        print("Found %d items for review" % total_reviews)


def list_reviews(remote, with_topic=False):
    remote_url = get_remote_url(remote)

    reviews = []
    for r in query_reviews(remote_url,
                           exception=CannotQueryOpenChangesets,
                           parse_exc=CannotParseOpenChangesets):
        reviews.append(Review(r))

    if not reviews:
        print("No pending reviews")
        return

    printer = ReviewsPrinter(with_topic=with_topic)
    for review in reviews:
        printer.add_review(review)

    printer.do_print(reviews)
    return 0


class CannotQueryPatchSet(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot query patchset information"
    EXIT_CODE = 34


class ReviewInformationNotFound(ChangeSetException):
    "Could not fetch review information for change %s"
    EXIT_CODE = 35


class ReviewNotFound(ChangeSetException):
    "Gerrit review %s not found"
    EXIT_CODE = 36


class PatchSetGitFetchFailed(CommandFailed):
    """Cannot fetch patchset contents

Does specified change number belong to this project?
"""
    EXIT_CODE = 37


class PatchSetNotFound(ChangeSetException):
    "Review patchset %s not found"
    EXIT_CODE = 38


class GerritConnectionException(GitReviewException):
    """Problem to establish connection to gerrit."""
    EXIT_CODE = 40


class CheckoutNewBranchFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot checkout to new branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 64


class CheckoutExistingBranchFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot checkout existing branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 65


class ResetHardFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Failed to hard reset downloaded branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 66


class SetUpstreamBranchFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot set upstream to remote branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 67


class SymbolicRefFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot find symbolic reference"
    EXIT_CODE = 68


class ForEachRefFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot process symbolic reference"
    EXIT_CODE = 69


class BranchTrackingMismatch(GitReviewException):
    "Branch exists but is tracking unexpected branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 70


def fetch_review(review, masterbranch, remote):
    remote_url = get_remote_url(remote)

    review_arg = review
    review, patchset_number = parse_review_number(review)
    current_patch_set = patchset_number is None

    review_infos = query_reviews(remote_url,
                                 change=review,
                                 current_patch_set=current_patch_set,
                                 exception=CannotQueryPatchSet,
                                 parse_exc=ReviewInformationNotFound)

    if not len(review_infos):
        raise ReviewInformationNotFound(review)
    for info in review_infos:
        if 'branch' in info and info['branch'] == masterbranch:
            if VERBOSE:
                print('Using review info from branch %s' % info['branch'])
            review_info = info
            break
    else:
        review_info = review_infos[0]
        if VERBOSE and 'branch' in review_info:
            print('Using default branch %s' % review_info['branch'])

    try:
        if patchset_number is None:
            refspec = review_info['currentPatchSet']['ref']
        else:
            refspec = [ps for ps in review_info['patchSets']
                       if ps['number'] == patchset_number][0]['ref']
    except IndexError:
        raise PatchSetNotFound(review_arg)
    except KeyError:
        raise ReviewNotFound(review)

    try:
        topic = review_info['topic']
        if topic == masterbranch:
            topic = review
    except KeyError:
        topic = review
    try:
        author = re.sub('\W+', '_', review_info['owner']['name']).lower()
    except KeyError:
        author = 'unknown'
    remote_branch = review_info['branch']

    if patchset_number is None:
        branch_name = "review/%s/%s" % (author, topic)
    else:
        branch_name = "review/%s/%s-patch%s" % (author, topic, patchset_number)

    print("Downloading %s from gerrit" % refspec)
    run_command_exc(PatchSetGitFetchFailed,
                    "git", "fetch", remote, refspec)
    return branch_name, remote_branch


def checkout_review(branch_name, remote, remote_branch):
    """Checkout a newly fetched (FETCH_HEAD) change
       into a branch
    """

    try:
        run_command_exc(CheckoutNewBranchFailed,
                        "git", "checkout", "-b",
                        branch_name, "FETCH_HEAD")
        # --set-upstream-to is not supported in git 1.7
        run_command_exc(SetUpstreamBranchFailed,
                        "git", "branch", "--set-upstream",
                        branch_name,
                        '%s/%s' % (remote, remote_branch))

    except CheckoutNewBranchFailed as e:
        if re.search("already exists\.?", e.output):
            print("Branch %s already exists - reusing" % branch_name)
            track_remote, track_branch = parse_tracking(
                ref='refs/heads/' + branch_name)
            if track_remote and not (track_remote == remote and
                                     track_branch == remote_branch):
                print("Branch %s incorrectly tracking %s/%s instead of %s/%s"
                      % (branch_name,
                         track_remote, track_branch,
                         remote, remote_branch))
                raise BranchTrackingMismatch
            run_command_exc(CheckoutExistingBranchFailed,
                            "git", "checkout", branch_name)
            run_command_exc(ResetHardFailed,
                            "git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD")
        else:
            raise

    print("Switched to branch \"%s\"" % branch_name)


class PatchSetGitCherrypickFailed(CommandFailed):
    "There was a problem applying changeset contents to the current branch."
    EXIT_CODE = 69


def cherrypick_review(option=None):
    cmd = ["git", "cherry-pick"]
    if option:
        cmd.append(option)
    cmd.append("FETCH_HEAD")
    print(run_command_exc(PatchSetGitCherrypickFailed, *cmd))


class CheckoutBackExistingBranchFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Cannot switch back to existing branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 67


class DeleteBranchFailed(CommandFailed):
    "Failed to delete branch"
    EXIT_CODE = 68


class InvalidPatchsetsToCompare(GitReviewException):
    def __init__(self, patchsetA, patchsetB):
        Exception.__init__(
            self,
            "Invalid patchsets for comparison specified (old=%s,new=%s)" % (
                patchsetA,
                patchsetB))
    EXIT_CODE = 39


def compare_review(review_spec, branch, remote, rebase=False):
    new_ps = None    # none means latest

    if '-' in review_spec:
        review_spec, new_ps = review_spec.split('-')
    review, old_ps = parse_review_number(review_spec)

    if old_ps is None or old_ps == new_ps:
        raise InvalidPatchsetsToCompare(old_ps, new_ps)

    old_review = build_review_number(review, old_ps)
    new_review = build_review_number(review, new_ps)

    old_branch, _ = fetch_review(old_review, branch, remote)
    checkout_review(old_branch, None, None)

    if rebase:
        print('Rebasing %s' % old_branch)
        rebase = rebase_changes(branch, remote, False)
        if not rebase:
            print('Skipping rebase because of conflicts')
            run_command_exc(CommandFailed, 'git', 'rebase', '--abort')

    new_branch, remote_branch = fetch_review(new_review, branch, remote)
    checkout_review(new_branch, remote, remote_branch)

    if rebase:
        print('Rebasing also %s' % new_branch)
        if not rebase_changes(branch, remote, False):
            print("Rebasing of the new branch failed, "
                  "diff can be messed up (use -R to not rebase at all)!")
            run_command_exc(CommandFailed, 'git', 'rebase', '--abort')

    subprocess.check_call(['git', 'diff', old_branch])


def finish_branch(target_branch):
    local_branch = get_branch_name(target_branch)
    if VERBOSE:
        print("Switching back to '%s' and deleting '%s'" % (target_branch,
                                                            local_branch))
    run_command_exc(CheckoutBackExistingBranchFailed,
                    "git", "checkout", target_branch)
    print("Switched to branch '%s'" % target_branch)

    run_command_exc(DeleteBranchFailed,
                    "git", "branch", "-D", local_branch)
    print("Deleted branch '%s'" % local_branch)


def convert_bool(one_or_zero):
    "Return a bool on a one or zero string."
    return str(one_or_zero) in ["1", "true", "True"]


class MalformedInput(GitReviewException):
    EXIT_CODE = 3


def assert_valid_reviewers(reviewers):
    """Ensure no whitespace is found in reviewer names, as it will result
    in an invalid refspec.
    """
    for reviewer in reviewers:
        if re.search(r'\s', reviewer):
            raise MalformedInput(
                "Whitespace not allowed in reviewer: '%s'" % reviewer)


def _main():
    usage = "git review [OPTIONS] ... [BRANCH]"

    class DownloadFlag(argparse.Action):
        """Additional option parsing: store value in 'dest', but
           at the same time set one of the flag options to True
        """
        def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
            setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
            setattr(namespace, self.const, True)

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=COPYRIGHT)

    topic_arg_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    topic_arg_group.add_argument("-t", "--topic", dest="topic",
                                 help="Topic to submit branch to")
    topic_arg_group.add_argument("-T", "--no-topic", dest="notopic",
                                 action="store_true",
                                 help="No topic except if explicitly provided")

    parser.add_argument("--reviewers", nargs="+",
                        help="Add reviewers to uploaded patch sets.")
    parser.add_argument("-D", "--draft", dest="draft", action="store_true",
                        help="Submit review as a draft")
    parser.add_argument("-c", "--compatible", dest="compatible",
                        action="store_true",
                        help="Push change to refs/for/* for compatibility "
                             "with Gerrit versions < 2.3. Ignored if "
                             "-D/--draft is used.")
    parser.add_argument("-n", "--dry-run", dest="dry", action="store_true",
                        help="Don't actually submit the branch for review")
    parser.add_argument("-i", "--new-changeid", dest="regenerate",
                        action="store_true",
                        help="Regenerate Change-id before submitting")
    parser.add_argument("-r", "--remote", dest="remote",
                        help="git remote to use for gerrit")
    parser.add_argument("--use-pushurl", dest="usepushurl",
                        action="store_true",
                        help="Use remote push-url logic instead of separate"
                             " remotes")

    rebase_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    rebase_group.add_argument("-R", "--no-rebase", dest="rebase",
                              action="store_false",
                              help="Don't rebase changes before submitting.")
    rebase_group.add_argument("-F", "--force-rebase", dest="force_rebase",
                              action="store_true",
                              help="Force rebase even when not needed.")

    track_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    track_group.add_argument("--track", dest="track",
                             action="store_true",
                             help="Use tracked branch as default.")
    track_group.add_argument("--no-track", dest="track",
                             action="store_false",
                             help="Ignore tracked branch.")

    fetch = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    fetch.set_defaults(download=False, compare=False, cherrypickcommit=False,
                       cherrypickindicate=False, cherrypickonly=False)
    fetch.add_argument("-d", "--download", dest="changeidentifier",
                       action=DownloadFlag, metavar="CHANGE",
                       const="download",
                       help="Download the contents of an existing gerrit "
                            "review into a branch")
    fetch.add_argument("-x", "--cherrypick", dest="changeidentifier",
                       action=DownloadFlag, metavar="CHANGE",
                       const="cherrypickcommit",
                       help="Apply the contents of an existing gerrit "
                             "review onto the current branch and commit "
                             "(cherry pick; not recommended in most "
                             "situations)")
    fetch.add_argument("-X", "--cherrypickindicate", dest="changeidentifier",
                       action=DownloadFlag, metavar="CHANGE",
                       const="cherrypickindicate",
                       help="Apply the contents of an existing gerrit "
                       "review onto the current branch and commit, "
                       "indicating its origin")
    fetch.add_argument("-N", "--cherrypickonly", dest="changeidentifier",
                       action=DownloadFlag, metavar="CHANGE",
                       const="cherrypickonly",
                       help="Apply the contents of an existing gerrit "
                       "review to the working directory and prepare "
                       "for commit")
    fetch.add_argument("-m", "--compare", dest="changeidentifier",
                       action=DownloadFlag, metavar="CHANGE,PS[-NEW_PS]",
                       const="compare",
                       help="Download specified and latest (or NEW_PS) "
                       "patchsets of an existing gerrit review into "
                       "a branches, rebase on master "
                       "(skipped on conflicts or when -R is specified) "
                       "and show their differences")

    parser.add_argument("-u", "--update", dest="update", action="store_true",
                        help="Force updates from remote locations")
    parser.add_argument("-s", "--setup", dest="setup", action="store_true",
                        help="Just run the repo setup commands but don't "
                             "submit anything")
    parser.add_argument("-f", "--finish", dest="finish", action="store_true",
                        help="Close down this branch and switch back to "
                             "master on successful submission")
    parser.add_argument("-l", "--list", dest="list", action="count",
                        help="List available reviews for the current project, "
                        "if passed more than once, will show more information")
    parser.add_argument("-y", "--yes", dest="yes", action="store_true",
                        help="Indicate that you do, in fact, understand if "
                             "you are submitting more than one patch")
    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true",
                        help="Output more information about what's going on")
    parser.add_argument("--no-custom-script", dest="custom_script",
                        action="store_false", default=True,
                        help="Do not run custom scripts.")
    parser.add_argument("--color", dest="color", metavar="<when>",
                        nargs="?", choices=["always", "never", "auto"],
                        help="Show color output. --color (without [<when>]) "
                             "is the same as --color=always. <when> can be "
                             "one of %(choices)s. Behaviour can also be "
                             "controlled by the color.ui and color.review "
                             "configuration settings.")
    parser.add_argument("--no-color", dest="color", action="store_const",
                        const="never",
                        help="Turn off colored output. Can be used to "
                             "override configuration options. Same as "
                             "setting --color=never.")
    parser.add_argument("--license", dest="license", action="store_true",
                        help="Print the license and exit")
    parser.add_argument("--version", action="version",
                        version='%s version %s' %
                        (os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[-1], get_version()))
    parser.add_argument("branch", nargs="?")

    parser.set_defaults(dry=False,
                        draft=False,
                        verbose=False,
                        update=False,
                        setup=False,
                        list=False,
                        yes=False)
    try:
        (top_dir, git_dir) = git_directories()
    except GitDirectoriesException as _no_git_dir:
        no_git_dir = _no_git_dir
    else:
        no_git_dir = False
        config = Config(os.path.join(top_dir, ".gitreview"))
        parser.set_defaults(rebase=convert_bool(config['rebase']),
                            track=convert_bool(config['track']),
                            remote=None,
                            usepushurl=convert_bool(config['usepushurl']))
    options = parser.parse_args()

    if options.license:
        print(COPYRIGHT)
        sys.exit(0)

    if no_git_dir:
        raise no_git_dir

    if options.branch is None:
        branch = config['branch']
    else:
        # explicitly-specified branch on command line overrides options.track
        branch = options.branch
        options.track = False

    global VERBOSE
    global UPDATE
    VERBOSE = options.verbose
    UPDATE = options.update
    remote = options.remote
    if not remote:
        if options.usepushurl:
            remote = 'origin'
        else:
            remote = config['remote']
    yes = options.yes
    status = 0

    if options.track:
        remote, branch = resolve_tracking(remote, branch)

    check_remote(branch, remote, config['scheme'],
                 config['hostname'], config['port'], config['project'],
                 usepushurl=options.usepushurl)

    if options.color:
        set_color_output(options.color)

    if options.changeidentifier:
        if options.compare:
            compare_review(options.changeidentifier,
                           branch, remote, options.rebase)
            return
        local_branch, remote_branch = fetch_review(options.changeidentifier,
                                                   branch, remote)
        if options.download:
            checkout_review(local_branch, remote, remote_branch)
        else:
            if options.cherrypickcommit:
                cherrypick_review()
            elif options.cherrypickonly:
                cherrypick_review("-n")
            if options.cherrypickindicate:
                cherrypick_review("-x")
        return
    elif options.list:
        with_topic = options.list > 1
        list_reviews(remote, with_topic=with_topic)
        return

    if options.custom_script:
        run_custom_script("pre")

    hook_file = os.path.join(git_dir, "hooks", "commit-msg")
    have_hook = os.path.exists(hook_file) and os.access(hook_file, os.X_OK)

    if not have_hook:
        set_hooks_commit_msg(remote, hook_file)

    if options.setup:
        if options.finish and not options.dry:
            finish_branch(branch)
        return

    if options.rebase or options.force_rebase:
        if not rebase_changes(branch, remote):
            sys.exit(1)
        if not options.force_rebase and not undo_rebase():
            sys.exit(1)
    assert_one_change(remote, branch, yes, have_hook)

    ref = "publish"

    if options.draft:
        ref = "drafts"
        if options.custom_script:
            run_custom_script("draft")
    elif options.compatible:
        ref = "for"

    cmd = "git push %s HEAD:refs/%s/%s" % (remote, ref, branch)
    if options.topic is not None:
        topic = options.topic
    else:
        topic = None if options.notopic else get_topic(branch)
    if topic and topic != branch:
        cmd += "/%s" % topic

    if options.reviewers:
        assert_valid_reviewers(options.reviewers)
        cmd += "%" + ",".join("r=%s" % r for r in options.reviewers)

    if options.regenerate:
        print("Amending the commit to regenerate the change id\n")
        regenerate_cmd = "git commit --amend"
        if options.dry:
            print("\tGIT_EDITOR=\"sed -i -e '/^Change-Id:/d'\" %s\n" %
                  regenerate_cmd)
        else:
            run_command(regenerate_cmd,
                        GIT_EDITOR="sed -i -e "
                        "'/^Change-Id:/d'")

    if options.dry:
        print("Please use the following command "
              "to send your commits to review:\n")
        print("\t%s\n" % cmd)
    else:
        (status, output) = run_command_status(cmd)
        print_safe_encoding(output)

    if options.finish and not options.dry and status == 0:
        finish_branch(branch)
        return

    if options.custom_script:
        run_custom_script("post")
    sys.exit(status)


def main():
    try:
        _main()
    except GitReviewException as e:
        # If one does unguarded print(e) here, in certain locales the implicit
        # str(e) blows up with familiar "UnicodeEncodeError ... ordinal not in
        # range(128)". See rhbz#1058167.
        try:
            u = unicode(e)
        except NameError:
            # Python 3, we're home free.
            print(e)
        else:
            print(u.encode('utf-8'))
        sys.exit(getattr(e, 'EXIT_CODE', -1))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()