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            <title>TM 63596</title>
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            <idno type="dclp">63596</idno>
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                     <idno type="invNo">Florence, Istituto Papirologico 'G. Vitelli' PSI inv. 4160 (a)</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Florence, Istituto Papirologico 'G. Vitelli' PSI inv. 4160 (b)</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms EES Box 24 without number [40]</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms number unknown</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms EES Box 24 without number [39]</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms EES Box 24 without number [41]</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms EES Box 20 folder 2/5 FF / P. Tebt. tait 39 add</idno>
                     <idno type="invNo">Berkeley, Bancroft Library UC 1420</idno>
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                           <p>papyrus roll (columns: 0, pagination: 0)</p>
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                  <origin>
                     <origPlace>Found: Tebtynis (Arsinoites, Egypt); written: Tebtynis (Arsinoites, Egypt)</origPlace>
                     <origDate notBefore="0100" notAfter="0199">100 - 199</origDate>
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                        <placeName type="ancient" subtype="nome">Arsinoites</placeName>
                        <placeName type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
                        <placeName type="ancient" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2287">Tebtynis</placeName>
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                        <placeName type="ancient" subtype="nome">Arsinoites</placeName>
                        <placeName type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
                        <placeName type="ancient" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2287">Tebtynis</placeName>
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               <term>medicine</term>
               <term>botany</term>
               <term type="culture">science</term>
               <term type="religion">classical</term>
               <term type="overview">On the medical properties of plants; list of herbs, with coloured drawings; herbal</term>
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         <div type="commentary" subtype="frontmatter" xml:space="preserve"><p>Illustrated herbal (P.Tebt. 2.679 + P.Tebt.Tait 39-41 + P.Tebt.Tait 39 add. + PSI inv. 4160). 21 fragments of different size belonging to an illustrated herbal on papyrus roll from the temple area at Tebtunis. The six main fragments, described as P.Tebt. 2.679, have been published by John de Monins Johnson in 1912, then followed by the twelve pieces of P.Tebt.Tait 39 (ten fragments, of which only three bearing text fragments), 40, 41 (P.Tebt.Tait 42, first considered as part of the same roll, has been recently recognized as a different text: cf. W.J. Tait, <emph rend="italics">Demotic Literature and Egyptian Society</emph>, in <emph rend="italics">Life in a Multi-Cultural Society</emph>, ed. J.H. Johnson, Chicago 1992, pp. 303-10, esp. p. 309 n. 32; <listBibl><bibl><ref target="http://papyri.info/biblio/66517">Fausti 1997</ref></bibl></listBibl>, p. 88 n. 26). After the full re-edition by Ann E. Hanson (<listBibl><bibl><ref target="http://papyri.info/biblio/70105">ed.alt.</ref></bibl></listBibl>), three further small scraps (P.Tebt.Tait 39 add. and PSI inv. 4160, a and b) have been recently published by Kim Ryholt (ZPE 187, 2013, pp. 233-8). The content is very fragmentary; the general layout of the entries is arranged in a title with the name of the plant, a coloured picture illustrating it, and a description of its medicinal use, with strong resemblances with Dioscorides' <emph rend="italics">Materia medica</emph>. It is possible that the plants have been recorded alphabetically, since the initials of the extant names (χονδρίλη, ψευδοδίκταμον) come from the end of the alphabet. The palaeographical datation to the 2nd cent. AD makes the Tebtunis text the earliest known illustrated herbal, and makes the possible relationship (source or derivation?) with Dioscorides' treatise of the utmost interest.</p><p><note type="footnote" xml:lang="en">This papyrus has been digitally edited by Nicola Reggiani as part of the Project "DIGMEDTEXT - Online Humanities Scholarship: A Digital Medical Library based on Ancient Texts" (ERC-AdG-2013, Grant Agreement no. 339828) funded by the European Research Council at the University of Parma (Principal Investigator: Prof. Isabella Andorlini). The digital edition is mostly based on the previous editions (descr. B.P. Grenfell - A.S. Hunt - E.J. Goodspeed, P.Tebt. II 679; ed.pr. = J. de M. Johnson, "Archiv für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften"4, 1912, pp. 403-8 + W.J. Tait, P.Tebt.Tait 39-41; ed.alt. = A.E. Hanson, Pap.Congr. XXII, 1998, pp. 585-601; corr. D. Fausti, "Testi medici su papiro", 2004, pp. 135-6; add. K. Ryholt, ZPE 187, 2013, pp. 233-8).</note></p></div>
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<lb n="2"/>ψευδοδίκτ<supplied reason="lost">αμον</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">δύ</supplied>
<lb n="3" break="no"/>ναται πρὸς <app type="alternative"><lem><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">δυστοκίας</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg></app>
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<lb n="8"/><unclear>μ</unclear>ιον<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>ω</unclear>ν<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>η ε<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>λλ</unclear>ω<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>  <figure><figDesc>plant</figDesc></figure> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><unclear>και</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>ουτ<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>ν</unclear> ῥίζ<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ονονδ<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ἔχει ἐκτινάσσειν ἕλμιν</supplied> <choice><reg><supplied reason="lost">πλ</supplied>ατεῖαν</reg><orig><supplied reason="lost">πλ</supplied><unclear>α</unclear>τῖαν</orig></choice>, ἐκτρῶσαι
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<lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>κ</unclear>αιρ<unclear>α</unclear>σονισον<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>λουειν<gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/>ερλ<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="6"/><app type="editorial"><lem resp="Fausti 2004"><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>ν</unclear> <unclear>ἀπ</unclear>αρίνην</lem><rdg><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="4" unit="character"/>αρινην</rdg></app> γε<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="7"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>π<unclear>ερ</unclear> <space extent="unknown" unit="character"/> γειν<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="8" xml:id="div15-lb9"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">ἐν</supplied> <unclear>τ</unclear>οῖς κήποις καὶ ἐν <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="9"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <space extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<ab>
<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>  <figure><figDesc>plant</figDesc></figure> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
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         <div type="commentary" subtype="linebyline">
            <list>
               <item corresp="#div1-div1-lb2" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1</ref> <p>For Chondrile see Dsc. <emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 2.133; more briefly Plin. <emph rend="italics">NH</emph> 21.52,89; 65,105; Thphr. <emph rend="italics">HP</emph> 7.7,1; 11,4. A possible supplement might be χόνδρυλλα ἢ χον]δρίνη.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div1-lb3" xml:space="preserve"><ref>2</ref> <p><emph rend="bold">πέταλον</emph> is used throughout (cf. also d,3 and P.Tebt.Tait 40,3) as a synonym of φύλλον "leaf" (cf. c,3), contrasting with the use of scientific prose, which shows a strong preference for the latter, employing the former to refer to "petals" or "flakes" (cf. e.g. Dsc. <emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 1.43, 1.48, 5.71, 5.81). Compare, for example, τὸ πέταλον καὶ [---] ὁ καυλός (here a,2-3) with ὁ καυλὸς καὶ τὰ φύλλα of Dsc. 2.133 = 204,14-205,15 Wellmann (and especially the reading τὰ φύλλα καὶ ὁ καυλός in ms. E of Dioscorides' tradition, on which cf. A.E. Hanson - R. Flemming, <emph rend="italics">Dioscorides, De materia medica II 76.2 and 76.7-18</emph>, in <emph rend="italics">Estratto provvisiorio dal Corpus dei Papiri Greci di Medicina</emph>, ed. I. Andorlini, Firenze 1998, pp. 12-17).</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div4-lb2" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1</ref> <p>On Arktion see Dsc. <emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 4.105 and Plin. <emph rend="italics">NH</emph> 27.16,34; more briefly Plin. <emph rend="italics">ibid.</emph> 26.30,129 and 27.3,11. The extant traces seem to indicate that a synonym for ἄρκτιον preceded.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div4-lb6" xml:space="preserve"><ref>5</ref> <p><emph rend="bold">ἑψ-</emph>: a form of ἕψειν is most likely, but it is impossible to determine the precise form.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div5-lb1" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1</ref> <p>For Pseudodiktamon see Dsc. <emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 3.32 and Plin. <emph rend="italics">NH</emph> 25.53,93; more briefly Plin. <emph rend="italics">ibid.</emph> 26.31,49; 87,142; 90,153; 90.161.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div6-lb2" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1</ref> <p>For λείρινον as a name for a plant of the lily family, see Dsc. <emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 1.52, 3.102, 4.158, and Aet. 1.116.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div14-lb2" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1</ref> <p>On Heliotropion see Dsc. <emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 4.190-1 (two kinds); Orib. <emph rend="italics">Coll.Med.</emph> 11,η,3-4; Plin. <emph rend="italics">NH</emph> 22.29,57-60. The restorations proposed to this fragment, and partly suggested by Isabella Andorlini, are mostly based on Dioscorides' passage.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div15-lb9" xml:space="preserve"><ref>8</ref> <p><emph rend="bold">ἐν τοῖς κήποις</emph>: when indicating the cultivated variety of a plant, Dioscorides prefers the adjectives κηπευτός/κηπαῖος; the phrase used in the papyrus never occurs in <emph rend="italics">MM</emph>.</p></item>
            </list>
         </div>
         <div type="bibliography" subtype="illustrations">
            <listBibl>
               <bibl type="printed">Archiv für die Gesch.</bibl>
               <bibl type="printed">P.Tebt. Tait pl. 9</bibl>
               <bibl type="printed">K.Weitzmann, Ancient Book Illustration, Cambridge 1959, p.10 and fig. 10</bibl>
               <bibl type="printed">Atti del XXII Congresso di Papirologia (Firenze 1998), Firenze 2001, pl.XXVII</bibl>
               <bibl type="printed">ZPE 187 (2013), p. 236-237</bibl>
               <bibl type="online">
                  <ptr target="http://HTTP://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/Images/7018.jpg"/>
               </bibl>
            </listBibl>
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