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openssl-encrypt.xml
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openssl-encrypt.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- $Revision$ -->
<!-- EN-Revision: 5bc68add3da3cd18c40f851e944b15095d3a26aa Maintainer: duanxiaoqiang Status: ready -->
<!-- CREDITS: mowangjuanzi, Luffy -->
<refentry xml:id="function.openssl-encrypt" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<refnamediv>
<refname>openssl_encrypt</refname>
<refpurpose>加密数据</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 role="description">
&reftitle.description;
<methodsynopsis>
<type class="union"><type>string</type><type>false</type></type><methodname>openssl_encrypt</methodname>
<methodparam><modifier role="attribute">#[\SensitiveParameter]</modifier><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>cipher_algo</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><modifier role="attribute">#[\SensitiveParameter]</modifier><type>string</type><parameter>passphrase</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>options</parameter><initializer>0</initializer></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>iv</parameter><initializer>""</initializer></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter role="reference">tag</parameter><initializer>&null;</initializer></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>aad</parameter><initializer>""</initializer></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>tag_length</parameter><initializer>16</initializer></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
以指定的方式和 key 加密数据，返回原始或 base64 编码后的字符串。
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="parameters">
&reftitle.parameters;
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>data</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
待加密的明文信息数据。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>cipher_algo</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
密码学方式。<function>openssl_get_cipher_methods</function> 可获取有效密码方式列表。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>passphrase</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
口令（passphrase）。
若 passphrase 比预期长度短，将静默用 <literal>NUL</literal> 填充；
若比预期长度更长，将静默截断。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>options</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<parameter>options</parameter> 是以下标记的按位或：
<constant>OPENSSL_RAW_DATA</constant> 、
<constant>OPENSSL_ZERO_PADDING</constant>。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>iv</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
非 NULL 的初始化向量。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>tag</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
使用 AEAD 密码模式（GCM 或 CCM）时传引用的验证标签。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>aad</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
附加的验证数据。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>tag_length</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
验证 <parameter>tag</parameter> 的长度。GCM 模式时，它的范围是 4 到 16。
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
&reftitle.returnvalues;
<para>
成功时返回加密后的字符串，&return.falseforfailure;。
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="errors">
&reftitle.errors;
<para>
<parameter>cipher_algo</parameter> 传入未知算法时，产生 <constant>E_WARNING</constant> 级别的错误。
</para>
<para>
<parameter>iv</parameter> 传入空字符串时产生 <constant>E_WARNING</constant> 级别的错误。
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="changelog">
&reftitle.changelog;
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>&Version;</entry>
<entry>&Description;</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>7.1.0</entry>
<entry>增加了 <parameter>tag</parameter>、<parameter>aad</parameter>、<parameter>tag_length</parameter> 参数</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="examples">
&reftitle.examples;
<para>
<example>
<title>PHP 7.1 之前的 GCM 模式的 AES 认证加密示例</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
//$key should have been previously generated in a cryptographically safe way, like openssl_random_pseudo_bytes
$plaintext = "message to be encrypted";
$cipher = "aes-128-gcm";
if (in_array($cipher, openssl_get_cipher_methods()))
{
$ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher);
$iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($ivlen);
$ciphertext = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $cipher, $key, $options=0, $iv, $tag);
//store $cipher, $iv, and $tag for decryption later
$original_plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, $cipher, $key, $options=0, $iv, $tag);
echo $original_plaintext."\n";
}
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>PHP 5.6+ 的 AES 认证加密例子</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
//$key previously generated safely, ie: openssl_random_pseudo_bytes
$plaintext = "message to be encrypted";
$ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher="AES-128-CBC");
$iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($ivlen);
$ciphertext_raw = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $cipher, $key, $options=OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
$hmac = hash_hmac('sha256', $ciphertext_raw, $key, $as_binary=true);
$ciphertext = base64_encode( $iv.$hmac.$ciphertext_raw );
//decrypt later....
$c = base64_decode($ciphertext);
$ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher="AES-128-CBC");
$iv = substr($c, 0, $ivlen);
$hmac = substr($c, $ivlen, $sha2len=32);
$ciphertext_raw = substr($c, $ivlen+$sha2len);
$original_plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext_raw, $cipher, $key, $options=OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
$calcmac = hash_hmac('sha256', $ciphertext_raw, $key, $as_binary=true);
if (hash_equals($hmac, $calcmac))// timing attack safe comparison
{
echo $original_plaintext."\n";
}
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="seealso">
&reftitle.seealso;
<para>
<simplelist>
<member><function>openssl_decrypt</function></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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