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zend_strtod.c
2648 lines (2476 loc) · 51.8 KB
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zend_strtod.c
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/****************************************************************
*
* The author of this software is David M. Gay.
*
* Copyright (c) 1991 by AT&T.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
* is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
* or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
* documentation for such software.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR AT&T MAKES ANY
* REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
* OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
***************************************************************/
/* Please send bug reports to
David M. Gay
AT&T Bell Laboratories, Room 2C-463
600 Mountain Avenue
Murray Hill, NJ 07974-2070
U.S.A.
dmg@research.att.com or research!dmg
*/
/* strtod for IEEE-, VAX-, and IBM-arithmetic machines.
*
* This strtod returns a nearest machine number to the input decimal
* string (or sets errno to ERANGE). With IEEE arithmetic, ties are
* broken by the IEEE round-even rule. Otherwise ties are broken by
* biased rounding (add half and chop).
*
* Inspired loosely by William D. Clinger's paper "How to Read Floating
* Point Numbers Accurately" [Proc. ACM SIGPLAN '90, pp. 92-101].
*
* Modifications:
*
* 1. We only require IEEE, IBM, or VAX double-precision
* arithmetic (not IEEE double-extended).
* 2. We get by with floating-point arithmetic in a case that
* Clinger missed -- when we're computing d * 10^n
* for a small integer d and the integer n is not too
* much larger than 22 (the maximum integer k for which
* we can represent 10^k exactly), we may be able to
* compute (d*10^k) * 10^(e-k) with just one roundoff.
* 3. Rather than a bit-at-a-time adjustment of the binary
* result in the hard case, we use floating-point
* arithmetic to determine the adjustment to within
* one bit; only in really hard cases do we need to
* compute a second residual.
* 4. Because of 3., we don't need a large table of powers of 10
* for ten-to-e (just some small tables, e.g. of 10^k
* for 0 <= k <= 22).
*/
/*
* #define IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN for IEEE-arithmetic machines where the least
* significant byte has the lowest address.
* #define IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN for IEEE-arithmetic machines where the most
* significant byte has the lowest address.
* #define Long int on machines with 32-bit ints and 64-bit longs.
* #define Sudden_Underflow for IEEE-format machines without gradual
* underflow (i.e., that flush to zero on underflow).
* #define IBM for IBM mainframe-style floating-point arithmetic.
* #define VAX for VAX-style floating-point arithmetic.
* #define Unsigned_Shifts if >> does treats its left operand as unsigned.
* #define No_leftright to omit left-right logic in fast floating-point
* computation of dtoa.
* #define Check_FLT_ROUNDS if FLT_ROUNDS can assume the values 2 or 3.
* #define RND_PRODQUOT to use rnd_prod and rnd_quot (assembly routines
* that use extended-precision instructions to compute rounded
* products and quotients) with IBM.
* #define ROUND_BIASED for IEEE-format with biased rounding.
* #define Inaccurate_Divide for IEEE-format with correctly rounded
* products but inaccurate quotients, e.g., for Intel i860.
* #define Just_16 to store 16 bits per 32-bit Long when doing high-precision
* integer arithmetic. Whether this speeds things up or slows things
* down depends on the machine and the number being converted.
* #define KR_headers for old-style C function headers.
* #define Bad_float_h if your system lacks a float.h or if it does not
* define some or all of DBL_DIG, DBL_MAX_10_EXP, DBL_MAX_EXP,
* FLT_RADIX, FLT_ROUNDS, and DBL_MAX.
* #define MALLOC your_malloc, where your_malloc(n) acts like malloc(n)
* if memory is available and otherwise does something you deem
* appropriate. If MALLOC is undefined, malloc will be invoked
* directly -- and assumed always to succeed.
*/
/* $Id$ */
#include <zend_operators.h>
#include <zend_strtod.h>
#ifdef ZTS
#include <TSRM.h>
#endif
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
#include <locale.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_INTTYPES_H)
#include <inttypes.h>
#elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_INT32_T
# if SIZEOF_INT == 4
typedef int int32_t;
# elif SIZEOF_LONG == 4
typedef long int int32_t;
# endif
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_UINT32_T
# if SIZEOF_INT == 4
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
# elif SIZEOF_LONG == 4
typedef unsigned long int uint32_t;
# endif
#endif
#if (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__APPLE_CC__)) && (defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__))
# if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
# undef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
# else
# if defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)
# define WORDS_BIGENDIAN
# endif
# endif
#endif
#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
#define IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
#else
#define IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#endif
#if defined(__arm__) && !defined(__VFP_FP__)
/*
* * Although the CPU is little endian the FP has different
* * byte and word endianness. The byte order is still little endian
* * but the word order is big endian.
* */
#define IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
#undef IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#endif
#ifdef __vax__
#define VAX
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#define int32_t __int32
#define uint32_t unsigned __int32
#define IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#endif
#define Long int32_t
#define ULong uint32_t
#ifdef __cplusplus
#include "malloc.h"
#include "memory.h"
#else
#ifndef KR_headers
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "locale.h"
#else
#include "malloc.h"
#include "memory.h"
#endif
#endif
#ifdef MALLOC
#ifdef KR_headers
extern char *MALLOC();
#else
extern void *MALLOC(size_t);
#endif
#else
#define MALLOC malloc
#endif
#include "ctype.h"
#include "errno.h"
#ifdef Bad_float_h
#ifdef IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
#define IEEE_ARITHMETIC
#endif
#ifdef IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define IEEE_ARITHMETIC
#endif
#ifdef IEEE_ARITHMETIC
#define DBL_DIG 15
#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 308
#define DBL_MAX_EXP 1024
#define FLT_RADIX 2
#define FLT_ROUNDS 1
#define DBL_MAX 1.7976931348623157e+308
#endif
#ifdef IBM
#define DBL_DIG 16
#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 75
#define DBL_MAX_EXP 63
#define FLT_RADIX 16
#define FLT_ROUNDS 0
#define DBL_MAX 7.2370055773322621e+75
#endif
#ifdef VAX
#define DBL_DIG 16
#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 38
#define DBL_MAX_EXP 127
#define FLT_RADIX 2
#define FLT_ROUNDS 1
#define DBL_MAX 1.7014118346046923e+38
#endif
#ifndef LONG_MAX
#define LONG_MAX 2147483647
#endif
#else
#include "float.h"
#endif
#ifndef __MATH_H__
#include "math.h"
#endif
BEGIN_EXTERN_C()
#ifndef CONST
#ifdef KR_headers
#define CONST /* blank */
#else
#define CONST const
#endif
#endif
#ifdef Unsigned_Shifts
#define Sign_Extend(a,b) if (b < 0) a |= 0xffff0000;
#else
#define Sign_Extend(a,b) /*no-op*/
#endif
#if defined(IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) + defined(IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN) + defined(VAX) + \
defined(IBM) != 1
Exactly one of IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN, VAX, or
IBM should be defined.
#endif
typedef union {
double d;
ULong ul[2];
} _double;
#define value(x) ((x).d)
#ifdef IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define word0(x) ((x).ul[1])
#define word1(x) ((x).ul[0])
#else
#define word0(x) ((x).ul[0])
#define word1(x) ((x).ul[1])
#endif
/* The following definition of Storeinc is appropriate for MIPS processors.
* An alternative that might be better on some machines is
* #define Storeinc(a,b,c) (*a++ = b << 16 | c & 0xffff)
*/
#if defined(IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) + defined(VAX) + defined(__arm__)
#define Storeinc(a,b,c) (((unsigned short *)a)[1] = (unsigned short)b, \
((unsigned short *)a)[0] = (unsigned short)c, a++)
#else
#define Storeinc(a,b,c) (((unsigned short *)a)[0] = (unsigned short)b, \
((unsigned short *)a)[1] = (unsigned short)c, a++)
#endif
/* #define P DBL_MANT_DIG */
/* Ten_pmax = floor(P*log(2)/log(5)) */
/* Bletch = (highest power of 2 < DBL_MAX_10_EXP) / 16 */
/* Quick_max = floor((P-1)*log(FLT_RADIX)/log(10) - 1) */
/* Int_max = floor(P*log(FLT_RADIX)/log(10) - 1) */
#if defined(IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) + defined(IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN)
#define Exp_shift 20
#define Exp_shift1 20
#define Exp_msk1 0x100000
#define Exp_msk11 0x100000
#define Exp_mask 0x7ff00000
#define P 53
#define Bias 1023
#define IEEE_Arith
#define Emin (-1022)
#define Exp_1 0x3ff00000
#define Exp_11 0x3ff00000
#define Ebits 11
#define Frac_mask 0xfffff
#define Frac_mask1 0xfffff
#define Ten_pmax 22
#define Bletch 0x10
#define Bndry_mask 0xfffff
#define Bndry_mask1 0xfffff
#define LSB 1
#define Sign_bit 0x80000000
#define Log2P 1
#define Tiny0 0
#define Tiny1 1
#define Quick_max 14
#define Int_max 14
#define Infinite(x) (word0(x) == 0x7ff00000) /* sufficient test for here */
#else
#undef Sudden_Underflow
#define Sudden_Underflow
#ifdef IBM
#define Exp_shift 24
#define Exp_shift1 24
#define Exp_msk1 0x1000000
#define Exp_msk11 0x1000000
#define Exp_mask 0x7f000000
#define P 14
#define Bias 65
#define Exp_1 0x41000000
#define Exp_11 0x41000000
#define Ebits 8 /* exponent has 7 bits, but 8 is the right value in b2d */
#define Frac_mask 0xffffff
#define Frac_mask1 0xffffff
#define Bletch 4
#define Ten_pmax 22
#define Bndry_mask 0xefffff
#define Bndry_mask1 0xffffff
#define LSB 1
#define Sign_bit 0x80000000
#define Log2P 4
#define Tiny0 0x100000
#define Tiny1 0
#define Quick_max 14
#define Int_max 15
#else /* VAX */
#define Exp_shift 23
#define Exp_shift1 7
#define Exp_msk1 0x80
#define Exp_msk11 0x800000
#define Exp_mask 0x7f80
#define P 56
#define Bias 129
#define Exp_1 0x40800000
#define Exp_11 0x4080
#define Ebits 8
#define Frac_mask 0x7fffff
#define Frac_mask1 0xffff007f
#define Ten_pmax 24
#define Bletch 2
#define Bndry_mask 0xffff007f
#define Bndry_mask1 0xffff007f
#define LSB 0x10000
#define Sign_bit 0x8000
#define Log2P 1
#define Tiny0 0x80
#define Tiny1 0
#define Quick_max 15
#define Int_max 15
#endif
#endif
#ifndef IEEE_Arith
#define ROUND_BIASED
#endif
#ifdef RND_PRODQUOT
#define rounded_product(a,b) a = rnd_prod(a, b)
#define rounded_quotient(a,b) a = rnd_quot(a, b)
#ifdef KR_headers
extern double rnd_prod(), rnd_quot();
#else
extern double rnd_prod(double, double), rnd_quot(double, double);
#endif
#else
#define rounded_product(a,b) a *= b
#define rounded_quotient(a,b) a /= b
#endif
#define Big0 (Frac_mask1 | Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1))
#define Big1 0xffffffff
#ifndef Just_16
/* When Pack_32 is not defined, we store 16 bits per 32-bit Long.
* * This makes some inner loops simpler and sometimes saves work
* * during multiplications, but it often seems to make things slightly
* * slower. Hence the default is now to store 32 bits per Long.
* */
#ifndef Pack_32
#define Pack_32
#endif
#endif
#define Kmax 15
struct Bigint {
struct Bigint *next;
int k, maxwds, sign, wds;
ULong x[1];
};
typedef struct Bigint Bigint;
/* static variables, multithreading fun! */
static Bigint *freelist[Kmax+1];
static Bigint *p5s;
static void destroy_freelist(void);
#ifdef ZTS
static MUTEX_T dtoa_mutex;
static MUTEX_T pow5mult_mutex;
#define _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(x) tsrm_mutex_lock(x);
#define _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(x) tsrm_mutex_unlock(x);
#else
#define _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(x)
#define _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(x)
#endif /* ZTS */
ZEND_API int zend_startup_strtod(void) /* {{{ */
{
#ifdef ZTS
dtoa_mutex = tsrm_mutex_alloc();
pow5mult_mutex = tsrm_mutex_alloc();
#endif
return 1;
}
/* }}} */
ZEND_API int zend_shutdown_strtod(void) /* {{{ */
{
destroy_freelist();
#ifdef ZTS
tsrm_mutex_free(dtoa_mutex);
dtoa_mutex = NULL;
tsrm_mutex_free(pow5mult_mutex);
pow5mult_mutex = NULL;
#endif
return 1;
}
/* }}} */
static Bigint * Balloc(int k)
{
int x;
Bigint *rv;
if (k > Kmax) {
zend_error(E_ERROR, "Balloc() allocation exceeds list boundary");
}
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(dtoa_mutex);
if ((rv = freelist[k])) {
freelist[k] = rv->next;
} else {
x = 1 << k;
rv = (Bigint *)MALLOC(sizeof(Bigint) + (x-1)*sizeof(Long));
if (!rv) {
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(dtoa_mutex);
zend_error(E_ERROR, "Balloc() failed to allocate memory");
}
rv->k = k;
rv->maxwds = x;
}
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(dtoa_mutex);
rv->sign = rv->wds = 0;
return rv;
}
static void Bfree(Bigint *v)
{
if (v) {
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(dtoa_mutex);
v->next = freelist[v->k];
freelist[v->k] = v;
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(dtoa_mutex);
}
}
#define Bcopy(x,y) memcpy((char *)&x->sign, (char *)&y->sign, \
y->wds*sizeof(Long) + 2*sizeof(int))
/* return value is only used as a simple string, so mis-aligned parts
* inside the Bigint are not at risk on strict align architectures
*/
static char * rv_alloc(int i) {
int j, k, *r;
j = sizeof(ULong);
for(k = 0;
sizeof(Bigint) - sizeof(ULong) - sizeof(int) + j <= i;
j <<= 1) {
k++;
}
r = (int*)Balloc(k);
*r = k;
return (char *)(r+1);
}
static char * nrv_alloc(char *s, char **rve, int n)
{
char *rv, *t;
t = rv = rv_alloc(n);
while((*t = *s++) !=0) {
t++;
}
if (rve) {
*rve = t;
}
return rv;
}
static Bigint * multadd(Bigint *b, int m, int a) /* multiply by m and add a */
{
int i, wds;
ULong *x, y;
#ifdef Pack_32
ULong xi, z;
#endif
Bigint *b1;
wds = b->wds;
x = b->x;
i = 0;
do {
#ifdef Pack_32
xi = *x;
y = (xi & 0xffff) * m + a;
z = (xi >> 16) * m + (y >> 16);
a = (int)(z >> 16);
*x++ = (z << 16) + (y & 0xffff);
#else
y = *x * m + a;
a = (int)(y >> 16);
*x++ = y & 0xffff;
#endif
}
while(++i < wds);
if (a) {
if (wds >= b->maxwds) {
b1 = Balloc(b->k+1);
Bcopy(b1, b);
Bfree(b);
b = b1;
}
b->x[wds++] = a;
b->wds = wds;
}
return b;
}
static int hi0bits(ULong x)
{
int k = 0;
if (!(x & 0xffff0000)) {
k = 16;
x <<= 16;
}
if (!(x & 0xff000000)) {
k += 8;
x <<= 8;
}
if (!(x & 0xf0000000)) {
k += 4;
x <<= 4;
}
if (!(x & 0xc0000000)) {
k += 2;
x <<= 2;
}
if (!(x & 0x80000000)) {
k++;
if (!(x & 0x40000000)) {
return 32;
}
}
return k;
}
static int lo0bits(ULong *y)
{
int k;
ULong x = *y;
if (x & 7) {
if (x & 1) {
return 0;
}
if (x & 2) {
*y = x >> 1;
return 1;
}
*y = x >> 2;
return 2;
}
k = 0;
if (!(x & 0xffff)) {
k = 16;
x >>= 16;
}
if (!(x & 0xff)) {
k += 8;
x >>= 8;
}
if (!(x & 0xf)) {
k += 4;
x >>= 4;
}
if (!(x & 0x3)) {
k += 2;
x >>= 2;
}
if (!(x & 1)) {
k++;
x >>= 1;
if (!(x & 1)) {
return 32;
}
}
*y = x;
return k;
}
static Bigint * i2b(int i)
{
Bigint *b;
b = Balloc(1);
b->x[0] = i;
b->wds = 1;
return b;
}
static Bigint * mult(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
{
Bigint *c;
int k, wa, wb, wc;
ULong carry, y, z;
ULong *x, *xa, *xae, *xb, *xbe, *xc, *xc0;
#ifdef Pack_32
ULong z2;
#endif
if (a->wds < b->wds) {
c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
}
k = a->k;
wa = a->wds;
wb = b->wds;
wc = wa + wb;
if (wc > a->maxwds) {
k++;
}
c = Balloc(k);
for(x = c->x, xa = x + wc; x < xa; x++) {
*x = 0;
}
xa = a->x;
xae = xa + wa;
xb = b->x;
xbe = xb + wb;
xc0 = c->x;
#ifdef Pack_32
for(; xb < xbe; xb++, xc0++) {
if ((y = *xb & 0xffff)) {
x = xa;
xc = xc0;
carry = 0;
do {
z = (*x & 0xffff) * y + (*xc & 0xffff) + carry;
carry = z >> 16;
z2 = (*x++ >> 16) * y + (*xc >> 16) + carry;
carry = z2 >> 16;
Storeinc(xc, z2, z);
}
while(x < xae);
*xc = carry;
}
if ((y = *xb >> 16)) {
x = xa;
xc = xc0;
carry = 0;
z2 = *xc;
do {
z = (*x & 0xffff) * y + (*xc >> 16) + carry;
carry = z >> 16;
Storeinc(xc, z, z2);
z2 = (*x++ >> 16) * y + (*xc & 0xffff) + carry;
carry = z2 >> 16;
}
while(x < xae);
*xc = z2;
}
}
#else
for(; xb < xbe; xc0++) {
if (y = *xb++) {
x = xa;
xc = xc0;
carry = 0;
do {
z = *x++ * y + *xc + carry;
carry = z >> 16;
*xc++ = z & 0xffff;
}
while(x < xae);
*xc = carry;
}
}
#endif
for(xc0 = c->x, xc = xc0 + wc; wc > 0 && !*--xc; --wc) ;
c->wds = wc;
return c;
}
static Bigint * s2b (CONST char *s, int nd0, int nd, ULong y9)
{
Bigint *b;
int i, k;
Long x, y;
x = (nd + 8) / 9;
for(k = 0, y = 1; x > y; y <<= 1, k++) ;
#ifdef Pack_32
b = Balloc(k);
b->x[0] = y9;
b->wds = 1;
#else
b = Balloc(k+1);
b->x[0] = y9 & 0xffff;
b->wds = (b->x[1] = y9 >> 16) ? 2 : 1;
#endif
i = 9;
if (9 < nd0) {
s += 9;
do b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0');
while(++i < nd0);
s++;
} else {
s += 10;
}
for(; i < nd; i++) {
b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0');
}
return b;
}
static Bigint * pow5mult(Bigint *b, int k)
{
Bigint *b1, *p5, *p51;
int i;
static int p05[3] = { 5, 25, 125 };
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(pow5mult_mutex);
if ((i = k & 3)) {
b = multadd(b, p05[i-1], 0);
}
if (!(k >>= 2)) {
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(pow5mult_mutex);
return b;
}
if (!(p5 = p5s)) {
/* first time */
p5 = p5s = i2b(625);
p5->next = 0;
}
for(;;) {
if (k & 1) {
b1 = mult(b, p5);
Bfree(b);
b = b1;
}
if (!(k >>= 1)) {
break;
}
if (!(p51 = p5->next)) {
if (!(p51 = p5->next)) {
p51 = p5->next = mult(p5,p5);
p51->next = 0;
}
}
p5 = p51;
}
_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(pow5mult_mutex);
return b;
}
static Bigint *lshift(Bigint *b, int k)
{
int i, k1, n, n1;
Bigint *b1;
ULong *x, *x1, *xe, z;
#ifdef Pack_32
n = k >> 5;
#else
n = k >> 4;
#endif
k1 = b->k;
n1 = n + b->wds + 1;
for(i = b->maxwds; n1 > i; i <<= 1) {
k1++;
}
b1 = Balloc(k1);
x1 = b1->x;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
*x1++ = 0;
}
x = b->x;
xe = x + b->wds;
#ifdef Pack_32
if (k &= 0x1f) {
k1 = 32 - k;
z = 0;
do {
*x1++ = *x << k | z;
z = *x++ >> k1;
}
while(x < xe);
if ((*x1 = z)) {
++n1;
}
}
#else
if (k &= 0xf) {
k1 = 16 - k;
z = 0;
do {
*x1++ = *x << k & 0xffff | z;
z = *x++ >> k1;
}
while(x < xe);
if (*x1 = z) {
++n1;
}
}
#endif
else do
*x1++ = *x++;
while(x < xe);
b1->wds = n1 - 1;
Bfree(b);
return b1;
}
static int cmp(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
{
ULong *xa, *xa0, *xb, *xb0;
int i, j;
i = a->wds;
j = b->wds;
#ifdef DEBUG
if (i > 1 && !a->x[i-1])
Bug("cmp called with a->x[a->wds-1] == 0");
if (j > 1 && !b->x[j-1])
Bug("cmp called with b->x[b->wds-1] == 0");
#endif
if (i -= j)
return i;
xa0 = a->x;
xa = xa0 + j;
xb0 = b->x;
xb = xb0 + j;
for(;;) {
if (*--xa != *--xb)
return *xa < *xb ? -1 : 1;
if (xa <= xa0)
break;
}
return 0;
}
static Bigint * diff(Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
{
Bigint *c;
int i, wa, wb;
Long borrow, y; /* We need signed shifts here. */
ULong *xa, *xae, *xb, *xbe, *xc;
#ifdef Pack_32
Long z;
#endif
i = cmp(a,b);
if (!i) {
c = Balloc(0);
c->wds = 1;
c->x[0] = 0;
return c;
}
if (i < 0) {
c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
i = 1;
} else {
i = 0;
}
c = Balloc(a->k);
c->sign = i;
wa = a->wds;
xa = a->x;
xae = xa + wa;
wb = b->wds;
xb = b->x;
xbe = xb + wb;
xc = c->x;
borrow = 0;
#ifdef Pack_32
do {
y = (*xa & 0xffff) - (*xb & 0xffff) + borrow;
borrow = y >> 16;
Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
z = (*xa++ >> 16) - (*xb++ >> 16) + borrow;
borrow = z >> 16;
Sign_Extend(borrow, z);
Storeinc(xc, z, y);
} while(xb < xbe);
while(xa < xae) {
y = (*xa & 0xffff) + borrow;
borrow = y >> 16;
Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
z = (*xa++ >> 16) + borrow;
borrow = z >> 16;
Sign_Extend(borrow, z);
Storeinc(xc, z, y);
}
#else
do {
y = *xa++ - *xb++ + borrow;
borrow = y >> 16;
Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
*xc++ = y & 0xffff;
} while(xb < xbe);
while(xa < xae) {
y = *xa++ + borrow;
borrow = y >> 16;
Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
*xc++ = y & 0xffff;
}
#endif
while(!*--xc) {
wa--;
}
c->wds = wa;
return c;
}
static double ulp (double _x)
{
volatile _double x;
register Long L;
volatile _double a;
value(x) = _x;
L = (word0(x) & Exp_mask) - (P-1)*Exp_msk1;
#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
if (L > 0) {
#endif
#ifdef IBM
L |= Exp_msk1 >> 4;
#endif
word0(a) = L;
word1(a) = 0;