Tuning heartbeat timeout should work the same as other client libraries

[lukebakken]

The RabbitMQ Java client uses these functions to determine the heartbeat value

• https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/blob/main/src/main/java/com/rabbitmq/client/impl/AMQConnection.java#L425-L427
• https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/blob/main/src/main/java/com/rabbitmq/client/impl/AMQConnection.java#L655-L659

We should use the _negotiate_integer_value method in _tune_heartbeat_timeout

Section 2.3.3 from the AMQP 0.9.1 protocol spec reads:

---

The AMQP client and server negotiate the protocol. This means that when the client connects, the server proposes certain options that the client can accept, or modify. When both peers agree on the outcome, the connection goes ahead. Negotiation is a useful technique because it lets us assert assumptions and preconditions.

In AMQP, we negotiate a number of specific aspects of the protocol:

• The actual protocol and version. The server MAY host multiple protocols on the same port.
• Encryption arguments and the authentication of both parties. This is part of the functional layer,
  explained previously.
• Maximum frame size, number of channels, and other operational limits.

Agreed limits MAY enable both parties to pre-allocate key buffers, avoiding deadlocks. Every incoming frame either obeys the agreed limits, and so is "safe", or exceeds them, in which case the other party IS faulty and MUST be disconnected. This is very much in keeping with the “it either works properly or it doesn't work at all” philosophy of AMQP.

Both peers negotiate the limits to the lowest agreed value as follows:

• The server MUST tell the client what limits it proposes.
• The client responds and MAY reduce those limits for its connection

---

References:

• https://www.rabbitmq.com/resources/specs/amqp0-9-1.pdf - section 2.3.3
• https://vmware.slack.com/archives/D051T4ME37C/p1699044735933989
• https://github.com/pika/pika/blob/main/pika/connection.py#L1886-L1912
• https://github.com/pika/pika/issues?q=Heartbeat+negotiation
• Change heartbeat negotiation strategy #874

[lukebakken]

cc @todmorrison