sign.go

package ecashutil

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/martinboehm/btcd/btcec"
	"github.com/martinboehm/btcd/chaincfg/chainhash"
	"github.com/martinboehm/btcd/wire"
	"github.com/martinboehm/btcutil"
	"github.com/martinboehm/btcutil/chaincfg"
	"github.com/martinboehm/btcutil/txscript"
)

const (
	SigHashForkID txscript.SigHashType = 0x40
	sigHashMask                        = 0x1f
)

// RawTxInSignature returns the serialized ECDSA signature for the input idx of
// the given transaction, with hashType appended to it.
func RawTxInSignature(tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int, subScript []byte,
	hashType txscript.SigHashType, key *btcec.PrivateKey, amt int64) ([]byte, error) {

	hash := calcBip143SignatureHash(subScript, txscript.NewTxSigHashes(tx), hashType, tx, idx, amt)
	signature, err := key.Sign(hash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot sign tx input: %s", err)
	}

	return append(signature.Serialize(), byte(hashType|SigHashForkID)), nil
}

func SignTxOutput(chainParams *chaincfg.Params, tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int,
	pkScript []byte, hashType txscript.SigHashType, kdb txscript.KeyDB, sdb txscript.ScriptDB,
	previousScript []byte, amt int64) ([]byte, error) {

	sigScript, class, addresses, nrequired, err := sign(chainParams, tx,
		idx, pkScript, hashType, kdb, sdb, amt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if class == txscript.ScriptHashTy {
		// TODO keep the sub addressed and pass down to merge.
		realSigScript, _, _, _, err := sign(chainParams, tx, idx,
			sigScript, hashType, kdb, sdb, amt)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// Append the p2sh script as the last push in the script.
		builder := txscript.NewScriptBuilder()
		builder.AddOps(realSigScript)
		builder.AddData(sigScript)

		sigScript, _ = builder.Script()
		// TODO keep a copy of the script for merging.
	}

	// Merge scripts. with any previous data, if any.
	mergedScript := mergeScripts(chainParams, tx, idx, pkScript, class,
		addresses, nrequired, sigScript, previousScript)
	return mergedScript, nil
}

// calcBip143SignatureHash computes the sighash digest of a transaction's
// input using the new, optimized digest calculation algorithm defined
// in BIP0143: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0143.mediawiki.
// This function makes use of pre-calculated sighash fragments stored within
// the passed HashCache to eliminate duplicate hashing computations when
// calculating the final digest, reducing the complexity from O(N^2) to O(N).
// Additionally, signatures now cover the input value of the referenced unspent
// output. This allows offline, or hardware wallets to compute the exact amount
// being spent, in addition to the final transaction fee. In the case the
// wallet if fed an invalid input amount, the real sighash will differ causing
// the produced signature to be invalid.
func calcBip143SignatureHash(subScript []byte, sigHashes *txscript.TxSigHashes,
	hashType txscript.SigHashType, tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int, amt int64) []byte {

	// As a sanity check, ensure the passed input index for the transaction
	// is valid.
	if idx > len(tx.TxIn)-1 {
		fmt.Printf("calcBip143SignatureHash error: idx %d but %d txins",
			idx, len(tx.TxIn))
		return nil
	}

	// We'll utilize this buffer throughout to incrementally calculate
	// the signature hash for this transaction.
	var sigHash bytes.Buffer

	// First write out, then encode the transaction's version number.
	var bVersion [4]byte
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bVersion[:], uint32(tx.Version))
	sigHash.Write(bVersion[:])

	// Next write out the possibly pre-calculated hashes for the sequence
	// numbers of all inputs, and the hashes of the previous outs for all
	// outputs.
	var zeroHash chainhash.Hash

	// If anyone can pay isn't active, then we can use the cached
	// hashPrevOuts, otherwise we just write zeroes for the prev outs.
	if hashType&txscript.SigHashAnyOneCanPay == 0 {
		sigHash.Write(sigHashes.HashPrevOuts[:])
	} else {
		sigHash.Write(zeroHash[:])
	}

	// If the sighash isn't anyone can pay, single, or none, the use the
	// cached hash sequences, otherwise write all zeroes for the
	// hashSequence.
	if hashType&txscript.SigHashAnyOneCanPay == 0 &&
		hashType&sigHashMask != txscript.SigHashSingle &&
		hashType&sigHashMask != txscript.SigHashNone {
		sigHash.Write(sigHashes.HashSequence[:])
	} else {
		sigHash.Write(zeroHash[:])
	}

	// Next, write the outpoint being spent.
	sigHash.Write(tx.TxIn[idx].PreviousOutPoint.Hash[:])
	var bIndex [4]byte
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bIndex[:], tx.TxIn[idx].PreviousOutPoint.Index)
	sigHash.Write(bIndex[:])

	// For p2wsh outputs, and future outputs, the script code is the
	// original script, with all code separators removed, serialized
	// with a var int length prefix.
	wire.WriteVarBytes(&sigHash, 0, subScript)

	// Next, add the input amount, and sequence number of the input being
	// signed.
	var bAmount [8]byte
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(bAmount[:], uint64(amt))
	sigHash.Write(bAmount[:])
	var bSequence [4]byte
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bSequence[:], tx.TxIn[idx].Sequence)
	sigHash.Write(bSequence[:])

	// If the current signature mode isn't single, or none, then we can
	// re-use the pre-generated hashoutputs sighash fragment. Otherwise,
	// we'll serialize and add only the target output index to the signature
	// pre-image.
	if hashType&sigHashMask != txscript.SigHashSingle &&
		hashType&sigHashMask != txscript.SigHashNone {
		sigHash.Write(sigHashes.HashOutputs[:])
	} else if hashType&sigHashMask == txscript.SigHashSingle && idx < len(tx.TxOut) {
		var b bytes.Buffer
		wire.WriteTxOut(&b, 0, 0, tx.TxOut[idx])
		sigHash.Write(chainhash.DoubleHashB(b.Bytes()))
	} else {
		sigHash.Write(zeroHash[:])
	}

	// Finally, write out the transaction's locktime, and the sig hash
	// type.
	var bLockTime [4]byte
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bLockTime[:], tx.LockTime)
	sigHash.Write(bLockTime[:])
	var bHashType [4]byte
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bHashType[:], uint32(hashType|SigHashForkID))
	sigHash.Write(bHashType[:])

	return chainhash.DoubleHashB(sigHash.Bytes())
}

func sign(chainParams *chaincfg.Params, tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int,
	subScript []byte, hashType txscript.SigHashType, kdb txscript.KeyDB, sdb txscript.ScriptDB, amt int64) ([]byte,
	txscript.ScriptClass, []btcutil.Address, int, error) {

	class, addresses, nrequired, err := txscript.ExtractPkScriptAddrs(subScript,
		chainParams)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, txscript.NonStandardTy, nil, 0, err
	}

	switch class {
	case txscript.PubKeyHashTy:
		// look up key for address
		key, compressed, err := kdb.GetKey(addresses[0])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, class, nil, 0, err
		}

		script, err := SignatureScript(tx, idx, subScript, hashType,
			key, compressed, amt)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, class, nil, 0, err
		}

		return script, class, addresses, nrequired, nil
	case txscript.ScriptHashTy:
		script, err := sdb.GetScript(addresses[0])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, class, nil, 0, err
		}

		return script, class, addresses, nrequired, nil
	case txscript.MultiSigTy:
		script, _ := signMultiSig(tx, idx, subScript, hashType,
			addresses, nrequired, kdb, amt)
		return script, class, addresses, nrequired, nil
	default:
		return nil, class, nil, 0,
			errors.New("can't sign unknown transactions")
	}
}

// signMultiSig signs as many of the outputs in the provided multisig script as
// possible. It returns the generated script and a boolean if the script fulfils
// the contract (i.e. nrequired signatures are provided).  Since it is arguably
// legal to not be able to sign any of the outputs, no error is returned.
func signMultiSig(tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int, subScript []byte, hashType txscript.SigHashType,
	addresses []btcutil.Address, nRequired int, kdb txscript.KeyDB, amt int64) ([]byte, bool) {
	// We start with a single OP_FALSE to work around the (now standard)
	// but in the reference implementation that causes a spurious pop at
	// the end of OP_CHECKMULTISIG.
	builder := txscript.NewScriptBuilder().AddOp(txscript.OP_FALSE)
	signed := 0
	for _, addr := range addresses {
		key, _, err := kdb.GetKey(addr)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		sig, err := RawTxInSignature(tx, idx, subScript, hashType, key, amt)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}

		builder.AddData(sig)
		signed++
		if signed == nRequired {
			break
		}

	}

	script, _ := builder.Script()
	return script, signed == nRequired
}

func SignatureScript(tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int, subscript []byte, hashType txscript.SigHashType, privKey *btcec.PrivateKey, compress bool, amt int64) ([]byte, error) {
	sig, err := RawTxInSignature(tx, idx, subscript, hashType, privKey, amt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	pk := (*btcec.PublicKey)(&privKey.PublicKey)
	var pkData []byte
	if compress {
		pkData = pk.SerializeCompressed()
	} else {
		pkData = pk.SerializeUncompressed()
	}

	return txscript.NewScriptBuilder().AddData(sig).AddData(pkData).Script()
}

func mergeScripts(chainParams *chaincfg.Params, tx *wire.MsgTx, idx int,
	pkScript []byte, class txscript.ScriptClass, addresses []btcutil.Address,
	nRequired int, sigScript, prevScript []byte) []byte {
	switch class {

	// It doesn't actually make sense to merge anything other than multiig
	// and scripthash (because it could contain multisig). Everything else
	// has either zero signature, can't be spent, or has a single signature
	// which is either present or not. The other two cases are handled
	// above. In the conflict case here we just assume the longest is
	// correct (this matches behaviour of the reference implementation).
	default:
		if len(sigScript) > len(prevScript) {
			return sigScript
		}
		return prevScript
	}
}