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tutorial.html
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tutorial.html
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<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
/**
* HTML5 ✰ Boilerplate
*
* style.css contains a reset, font normalization and some base styles.
*
* Credit is left where credit is due.
* Much inspiration was taken from these projects:
* - yui.yahooapis.com/2.8.1/build/base/base.css
* - camendesign.com/design/
* - praegnanz.de/weblog/htmlcssjs-kickstart
*/
/**
* html5doctor.com Reset Stylesheet (Eric Meyer's Reset Reloaded + HTML5 baseline)
* v1.6.1 2010-09-17 | Authors: Eric Meyer & Richard Clark
* html5doctor.com/html-5-reset-stylesheet/
*/
html, body, div, span, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
abbr, address, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, samp,
small, strong, sub, sup, var, b, i, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, figcaption, figure,
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
font-size: 100%;
font: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup { vertical-align: super; }
sub { vertical-align: sub; }
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
display: block;
}
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after { content: ""; content: none; }
ins { background-color: #ff9; color: #000; text-decoration: none; }
mark { background-color: #ff9; color: #000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; }
del { text-decoration: line-through; }
abbr[title], dfn[title] { border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
hr { display: block; height: 1px; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0; }
input, select { vertical-align: middle; }
/**
* Font normalization inspired by YUI Library's fonts.css: developer.yahoo.com/yui/
*/
body { font:13px/1.231 sans-serif; *font-size:small; } /* Hack retained to preserve specificity */
select, input, textarea, button { font:99% sans-serif; }
/* Normalize monospace sizing:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Common.css/Archive_11#Teletype_style_fix_for_Chrome */
pre, code, kbd, samp { font-family: monospace, sans-serif; }
em,i { font-style: italic; }
b,strong { font-weight: bold; }
</style>
<style type="text/css">
/* Flexible box model classes */
/* Taken from Alex Russell http://infrequently.org/2009/08/css-3-progress/ */
.hbox {
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;
-webkit-box-align: stretch;
display: -moz-box;
-moz-box-orient: horizontal;
-moz-box-align: stretch;
display: box;
box-orient: horizontal;
box-align: stretch;
}
.hbox > * {
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-moz-box-flex: 0;
box-flex: 0;
}
.vbox {
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-align: stretch;
display: -moz-box;
-moz-box-orient: vertical;
-moz-box-align: stretch;
display: box;
box-orient: vertical;
box-align: stretch;
}
.vbox > * {
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-moz-box-flex: 0;
box-flex: 0;
}
.reverse {
-webkit-box-direction: reverse;
-moz-box-direction: reverse;
box-direction: reverse;
}
.box-flex0 {
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-moz-box-flex: 0;
box-flex: 0;
}
.box-flex1, .box-flex {
-webkit-box-flex: 1;
-moz-box-flex: 1;
box-flex: 1;
}
.box-flex2 {
-webkit-box-flex: 2;
-moz-box-flex: 2;
box-flex: 2;
}
.box-group1 {
-webkit-box-flex-group: 1;
-moz-box-flex-group: 1;
box-flex-group: 1;
}
.box-group2 {
-webkit-box-flex-group: 2;
-moz-box-flex-group: 2;
box-flex-group: 2;
}
.start {
-webkit-box-pack: start;
-moz-box-pack: start;
box-pack: start;
}
.end {
-webkit-box-pack: end;
-moz-box-pack: end;
box-pack: end;
}
.center {
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-moz-box-pack: center;
box-pack: center;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
/**
* Primary styles
*
* Author: IPython Development Team
*/
body {
overflow: hidden;
}
span#save_widget {
padding: 5px;
margin: 0px 0px 0px 300px;
display:inline-block;
}
span#notebook_name {
height: 1em;
line-height: 1em;
padding: 3px;
border: none;
font-size: 146.5%;
}
.ui-menubar-item .ui-button .ui-button-text {
padding: 0.4em 1.0em;
font-size: 100%;
}
.ui-menu {
-moz-box-shadow: 0px 6px 10px -1px #adadad;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0px 6px 10px -1px #adadad;
box-shadow: 0px 6px 10px -1px #adadad;
}
.ui-menu .ui-menu-item a {
border: 1px solid transparent;
padding: 2px 1.6em;
}
.ui-menu .ui-menu-item a.ui-state-focus {
margin: 0;
}
.ui-menu hr {
margin: 0.3em 0;
}
#menubar_container {
position: relative;
}
#notification_area {
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
top: 0px;
height: 25px;
padding: 3px 0px;
padding-right: 3px;
z-index: 10;
}
.notification_widget{
float : right;
right: 0px;
top: 1px;
height: 25px;
padding: 3px 6px;
z-index: 10;
}
.toolbar {
padding: 3px 15px;
}
#cell_type {
font-size: 85%;
}
div#main_app {
width: 100%;
position: relative;
}
span#quick_help_area {
position: static;
padding: 5px 0px;
margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
}
.help_string {
float: right;
width: 170px;
padding: 0px 5px;
text-align: left;
font-size: 85%;
}
.help_string_label {
float: right;
font-size: 85%;
}
div#notebook_panel {
margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
div#notebook {
overflow-y: scroll;
overflow-x: auto;
width: 100%;
/* This spaces the cell away from the edge of the notebook area */
padding: 5px 5px 15px 5px;
margin: 0px;
background-color: white;
}
div#pager_splitter {
height: 8px;
}
#pager_container {
position : relative;
}
div#pager {
padding: 15px;
overflow: auto;
display: none;
}
div.ui-widget-content {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
outline: none;
}
.cell {
border: 1px solid transparent;
}
div.cell {
width: 100%;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 0px;
/* This acts as a spacer between cells, that is outside the border */
margin: 2px 0px 2px 0px;
}
div.code_cell {
background-color: white;
}
/* any special styling for code cells that are currently running goes here */
div.code_cell.running {
}
div.prompt {
/* This needs to be wide enough for 3 digit prompt numbers: In[100]: */
width: 11ex;
/* This 0.4em is tuned to match the padding on the CodeMirror editor. */
padding: 0.4em;
margin: 0px;
font-family: monospace;
text-align:right;
}
div.input {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
/* input_area and input_prompt must match in top border and margin for alignment */
div.input_area {
color: black;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 3px;
background: #f7f7f7;
}
div.input_prompt {
color: navy;
border-top: 1px solid transparent;
}
div.output_wrapper {
/* This is a spacer between the input and output of each cell */
margin-top: 5px;
margin-left: 5px;
/* FF needs explicit width to stretch */
width: 100%;
/* this position must be relative to enable descendents to be absolute within it */
position: relative;
}
/* class for the output area when it should be height-limited */
div.output_scroll {
/* ideally, this would be max-height, but FF barfs all over that */
height: 24em;
/* FF needs this *and the wrapper* to specify full width, or it will shrinkwrap */
width: 100%;
overflow: auto;
border-radius: 3px;
box-shadow: inset 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .8);
}
/* output div while it is collapsed */
div.output_collapsed {
margin-right: 5px;
}
div.out_prompt_overlay {
height: 100%;
padding: 0px;
position: absolute;
border-radius: 3px;
}
div.out_prompt_overlay:hover {
/* use inner shadow to get border that is computed the same on WebKit/FF */
box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px #000;
background: rgba(240, 240, 240, 0.5);
}
div.output_prompt {
color: darkred;
/* 5px right shift to account for margin in parent container */
margin: 0 5px 0 -5px;
}
/* This class is the outer container of all output sections. */
div.output_area {
padding: 0px;
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
/* This class is for the output subarea inside the output_area and after
the prompt div. */
div.output_subarea {
padding: 0.44em 0.4em 0.4em 1px;
}
/* The rest of the output_* classes are for special styling of the different
output types */
/* all text output has this class: */
div.output_text {
text-align: left;
color: black;
font-family: monospace;
}
/* stdout/stderr are 'text' as well as 'stream', but pyout/pyerr are *not* streams */
div.output_stream {
padding-top: 0.0em;
padding-bottom: 0.0em;
}
div.output_stdout {
}
div.output_stderr {
background: #fdd; /* very light red background for stderr */
}
div.output_latex {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
div.output_html {
}
div.output_png {
}
div.output_jpeg {
}
div.text_cell {
background-color: white;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
}
div.text_cell_input {
color: black;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 3px;
background: #f7f7f7;
}
div.text_cell_render {
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif;
outline: none;
resize: none;
width: inherit;
border-style: none;
padding: 5px;
color: black;
}
/* The following gets added to the <head> if it is detected that the user has a
* monospace font with inconsistent normal/bold/italic height. See
* notebookmain.js. Such fonts will have keywords vertically offset with
* respect to the rest of the text. The user should select a better font.
* See: https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/1503
*
* .CodeMirror span {
* vertical-align: bottom;
* }
*/
.CodeMirror {
line-height: 1.231; /* Changed from 1em to our global default */
}
.CodeMirror-scroll {
height: auto; /* Changed to auto to autogrow */
/* The CodeMirror docs are a bit fuzzy on if overflow-y should be hidden or visible.*/
/* We have found that if it is visible, vertical scrollbars appear with font size changes.*/
overflow-y: hidden;
overflow-x: auto; /* Changed from auto to remove scrollbar */
}
/* CSS font colors for translated ANSI colors. */
.ansiblack {color: black;}
.ansired {color: darkred;}
.ansigreen {color: darkgreen;}
.ansiyellow {color: brown;}
.ansiblue {color: darkblue;}
.ansipurple {color: darkviolet;}
.ansicyan {color: steelblue;}
.ansigrey {color: grey;}
.ansibold {font-weight: bold;}
.completions {
position: absolute;
z-index: 10;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid grey;
}
.completions select {
background: white;
outline: none;
border: none;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
overflow: auto;
font-family: monospace;
}
option.context {
background-color: #DEF7FF;
}
option.introspection {
background-color: #EBF4EB;
}
/*fixed part of the completion*/
.completions p b {
font-weight:bold;
}
.completions p {
background: #DDF;
/*outline: none;
padding: 0px;*/
border-bottom: black solid 1px;
padding: 1px;
font-family: monospace;
}
pre.dialog {
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 0.4em;
padding-left: 2em;
}
p.dialog {
padding : 0.2em;
}
.shortcut_key {
display: inline-block;
width: 15ex;
text-align: right;
font-family: monospace;
}
.shortcut_descr {
}
/* Word-wrap output correctly. This is the CSS3 spelling, though Firefox seems
to not honor it correctly. Webkit browsers (Chrome, rekonq, Safari) do.
*/
pre, code, kbd, samp { white-space: pre-wrap; }
#fonttest {
font-family: monospace;
}
.js-error {
color: darkred;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
.rendered_html {color: black;}
.rendered_html em {font-style: italic;}
.rendered_html strong {font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html u {text-decoration: underline;}
.rendered_html :link { text-decoration: underline }
.rendered_html :visited { text-decoration: underline }
.rendered_html h1 {font-size: 197%; margin: .65em 0; font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html h2 {font-size: 153.9%; margin: .75em 0; font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html h3 {font-size: 123.1%; margin: .85em 0; font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html h4 {font-size: 100% margin: 0.95em 0; font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html h5 {font-size: 85%; margin: 1.5em 0; font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html h6 {font-size: 77%; margin: 1.65em 0; font-weight: bold;}
.rendered_html ul {list-style:disc; margin: 1em 2em;}
.rendered_html ul ul {list-style:square; margin: 0em 2em;}
.rendered_html ul ul ul {list-style:circle; margin-left: 0em 2em;}
.rendered_html ol {list-style:upper-roman; margin: 1em 2em;}
.rendered_html ol ol {list-style:upper-alpha; margin: 0em 2em;}
.rendered_html ol ol ol {list-style:decimal; margin: 0em 2em;}
.rendered_html ol ol ol ol {list-style:lower-alpha; margin: 0em 2em;}
.rendered_html ol ol ol ol ol {list-style:lower-roman; margin: 0em 2em;}
.rendered_html hr {
color: black;
background-color: black;
}
.rendered_html pre {
margin: 1em 2em;
}
.rendered_html blockquote {
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<h1>
dist_fit Basic Tutorial
</h1>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell vbox">
<div class="input hbox">
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [1]:</div>
<div class="input_area box-flex1">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">dist_fit</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">RTMinuit</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">UserDict</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">math</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pi</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
<h2>
Lets start with a simple simple straight line
</h2>
</div>
We can't really call this a fitting package without being able to fit a straight line, right?
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [2]:</div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c">#lets make s straight line with gaussian(mu=0,sigma=1) error</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">errorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'.'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c">#lets define our line</span>
<span class="c">#first argument has to be independent variable</span>
<span class="c">#arguments after that are shape parameters</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c">#define it to be parabolic or whatever you like</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">c</span>
<span class="c">#We can make it faster but for this example this is plentily fast.</span>
<span class="c">#We will talk about speeding things up later(you will need cython)</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">describe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<pre>('x', 'm', 'c')</pre>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c">#cost function</span>
<span class="n">chi2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Chi2Regression</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c">#Chi^2 regression is just a callable object nothing special about it</span>
<span class="n">describe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chi2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<pre>('m', 'c')</pre>
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