NameError: name 'reduce' is not defined

[mloenow]

Great project — thanks for making it!

While trying to use the PlaidML backend in my code, I encountered a problem when trying to flatten my input.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ddpq_dreams.py", line 73, in <module>
    actor.add(Flatten(input_shape=(1, ) + env.observation_space.shape))
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/models.py", line 442, in add
    layer(x)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/topology.py", line 602, in __call__
    output = self.call(inputs, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/layers/core.py", line 484, in call
    return K.batch_flatten(inputs)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plaidml/keras/backend.py", line 1008, in batch_flatten
    return x.batch_flatten()
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plaidml/keras/backend.py", line 509, in batch_flatten
    new_shape = (self.shape[0], reduce(operator.mul, self.shape[1:]))
NameError: name 'reduce' is not defined

The same error actually happens when executing a the plaidvision and plaidbench examples with a few of the models e.g. python plaidvision.py resnet50 and python plaidbench.py resnet50 --print-stacktraces:

Using PlaidML backend.
INFO:plaidml:b'Opening device "amd_radeon_r9_m370x_compute_engine.0'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "plaidvision.py", line 310, in <module>
    main()
  File "plaidvision.py", line 260, in main
    model = Model(args.model, args.weights)
  File "plaidvision.py", line 206, in __init__
    self.model = ModelClass(weights=weights)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/applications/resnet50.py", line 235, in ResNet50
    x = Flatten()(x)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/topology.py", line 602, in __call__
    output = self.call(inputs, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/layers/core.py", line 484, in call
    return K.batch_flatten(inputs)
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plaidml/keras/backend.py", line 1008, in batch_flatten
    return x.batch_flatten()
  File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plaidml/keras/backend.py", line 509, in batch_flatten
    new_shape = (self.shape[0], reduce(operator.mul, self.shape[1:]))
NameError: name 'reduce' is not defined

System:

MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2015)
AMD Radeon R9 M370X 2 GB
macOS 10.13
Python 3.6.2
Keras (2.0.8)
plaidml (0.1.1)
plaidml-keras (0.1.1)

Please let me know if you need more information.

[jbruestle]

I believe this issue is related to python 3.6. 'reduce' moved from a free function to into the functools module. Thanks for reporting it, we will try to correct this as soon as possible. Currently the 3.6 version has limited test coverage. We are expanding our internal and open source test intergration to help find such issues earlier.

[brianretford]

This is fixed at head. We've just released a patch pip that resolves this issue. pip install -U plaidml-keras Thanks for reporting the issue!