request_utils.py

"""
    Request Utilities
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Utilities for request handlers.

    :copyright: Copyright 2018 PlanGrid, Inc., see AUTHORS.
    :license: MIT, see LICENSE for details.
"""
import collections
import copy

import marshmallow
from flask import Response
from flask import jsonify
from flask import request
from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers
from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest as WerkzeugBadRequest

from flask_rebar import compat
from flask_rebar import errors
from flask_rebar import messages
from flask_rebar.utils.defaults import USE_DEFAULT
from flask_rebar.utils.marshmallow_objects_helpers import get_marshmallow_objects_schema


class HeadersProxy(collections.abc.Mapping):
    """
    Marshmallow expects objects being deserialized to be instances of `Mapping`.

    This wraps werkzeug's `EnvironHeaders` to ensure that they're an instance of `Mapping`.

    :param werkzeug.datastructures.EnvironHeaders headers:
    """

    __slots__ = ("headers",)

    def __init__(self, headers):
        self.headers = headers

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.headers)

    def __iter__(self):
        # EnvironHeaders.__iter__ yields tuples of (key, value).
        # We want to mimic a dict and yield keys.
        return iter(self.headers.keys())

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return item in self.headers

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.headers[key]


def response(data, status_code=200, headers=None, mimetype=None):
    """
    Constructs a flask.jsonify response.

    :param dict data: The JSON body of the response
    :param int status_code: HTTP status code to use in the response
    :param dict headers: Additional headers to attach to the response
    :param str mimetype: Default Content-Type response header
    :rtype: flask.Response
    """
    resp = jsonify(data) if data is not None else Response()

    resp.status_code = status_code

    if mimetype:
        headers.update({"Content-Type": mimetype})
    if headers:
        response_headers = dict(resp.headers)
        response_headers.update(headers)
        resp.headers = Headers(response_headers)

    return resp


def marshal(data, schema):
    """
    Dumps an object with the given marshmallow.Schema.

    :raises: marshmallow.ValidationError if the given data fails validation
      of the schema.
    """
    schema = normalize_schema(schema)

    return compat.dump(schema=schema, data=data)


def normalize_schema(schema):
    """
    This allows for either an instance of a marshmallow.Schema or the class
    itself to be passed to functions.
    For Marshmallow-objects support, if a Model class is passed, return its __schema__
    """
    if schema not in (None, USE_DEFAULT) and not isinstance(schema, marshmallow.Schema):
        # See if we were handed a marshmallow_objects Model class or instance:
        mo_schema = get_marshmallow_objects_schema(schema)
        if mo_schema:
            model = schema
            schema = mo_schema
            # If __swagger_title__ is defined on the Model, propagate that down:
            if hasattr(model, "__swagger_title__"):
                schema.__swagger_title__ = model.__swagger_title__
        else:
            # assume we were passed a Schema class (not an instance)
            schema = schema()
    return schema


def raise_400_for_marshmallow_errors(errs, msg):
    """
    Throws a 400 error properly formatted from the given marshmallow errors.

    :param dict errs: Error dictionary as returned by marshmallow
    :param Union[str,messages.ErrorMessage] msg: The overall message to use in the response.
    :raises: errors.BadRequest
    """
    if not errs:
        return

    copied = copy.deepcopy(errs)

    _format_marshmallow_errors_for_response_in_place(copied)

    additional_data = {"errors": copied}
    message, _ = msg if isinstance(msg, tuple) else msg, None

    raise errors.BadRequest(msg=message, additional_data=additional_data)


def get_json_body_params_or_400(schema):
    """
    Retrieves the JSON body of a request, validating/loading the payload
    with a given marshmallow.Schema.

    :param schema:
    :rtype: dict
    """
    body = _get_json_body_or_400()

    return _get_data_or_400(
        schema=schema, data=body, message=messages.body_validation_failed
    )


def get_query_string_params_or_400(schema):
    """
    Retrieves the query string of a request, validating/loading the parameters
    with a given marshmallow.Schema.

    :param schema:
    :rtype: dict
    """
    # Use the request.args MultiDict in case a validator wants to
    # do something with several of the same query param (e.g. ?foo=1&foo=2), in
    # which case it will need the getlist method
    query_multidict = request.args.copy()

    return _get_data_or_400(
        schema=schema,
        data=query_multidict,
        message=messages.query_string_validation_failed,
    )


def get_header_params_or_400(schema):
    schema = compat.exclude_unknown_fields(schema)
    return _get_data_or_400(
        schema=schema,
        data=HeadersProxy(request.headers),
        message=messages.header_validation_failed,
    )


def _get_data_or_400(schema, data, message):
    schema = normalize_schema(schema)

    try:
        return compat.load(schema=schema, data=data)

    except marshmallow.ValidationError as e:
        raise_400_for_marshmallow_errors(errs=e.messages, msg=message)


def _get_json_body_or_400():
    """
    Retrieves the JSON payload of the current request, throwing a 400 error
    if the request doesn't include a valid JSON payload.
    """
    if "application/json" not in request.headers.get("content-type", ""):
        raise errors.BadRequest(messages.unsupported_content_type)

    if (not request.data) or (len(request.data) == 0):
        raise errors.BadRequest(messages.empty_json_body)

    try:
        body = request.get_json()
    except WerkzeugBadRequest:
        raise errors.BadRequest(messages.invalid_json)

    if not isinstance(body, list) and not isinstance(body, dict):
        # request.get_json_from_resp() treats strings as valid JSON, which is technically
        # true... but they're not valid objects. So let's throw an error on
        # primitive types.
        raise errors.BadRequest(messages.invalid_json)

    return body


def _format_marshmallow_errors_for_response_in_place(errs):
    """
    Reformats an error dictionary returned by marshmallow to an error
    dictionary we can send in a response.

    This transformation happens in place, so make sure to pass in a copy
    of the errors...
    """
    # These are errors on the entire schema, not a specific field
    # Let's rename these too something slightly less cryptic
    if "_schema" in errs:
        errs["_general"] = errs.pop("_schema")

    for field, value in errs.items():
        # In most cases we'll only have a single error for a field,
        # but marshmallow gives us a list regardless.
        # Let's try to reduce the complexity of the error response and convert
        # these lists to a single string.
        if isinstance(value, list) and len(value) == 1:
            errs[field] = value[0]
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            # Recurse! Down the rabbit hole...
            _format_marshmallow_errors_for_response_in_place(value)