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<h1><a href="http://pman0214.github.io/blog/pandas-tz-convert.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Pandas DataFrameで日時データのタイムゾーン変換">Pandas DataFrameで日時データのタイムゾーン変換</a></h1>
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<div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2 on-create"><time datetime="2016-10-21T16:25:00+09:00">2016年10月21日 16:25</time></div>
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<h2>TimeStampデータのタイムゾーン変換問題</h2>
<p>PandasでTimeStampデータのタイムゾーンを変換する場合には少し気をつけないといけない。
例を使って説明していく。</p>
<p>以下のような <tt class="docutils literal">test.csv</tt> というデータファイルがあるとする。
時刻データがUTCであるとし、JSTに変換したいと仮定する。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>2016-03-19 03:49:12,168
2016-03-19 03:50:11,110
2016-03-30 02:10:30,9
2016-03-30 02:12:47,36
2016-03-30 02:15:03,113
2016-03-30 02:29:03,17
2016-03-30 02:31:03,8
2016-03-30 02:37:36,14
2016-03-30 02:40:37,11
2016-03-30 23:13:23,199
</pre></div>
<p>まずはPandasでこれを読み込む。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pandas</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">pd</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_csv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"test.csv"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">names</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"on_create"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"value"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span>
<span class="n">on_create</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mo">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">168</span>
<span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mo">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span class="mi">110</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">9</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">47</span> <span class="mi">36</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span> <span class="mi">113</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span> <span class="mi">17</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">36</span> <span class="mi">14</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span> <span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">23</span> <span class="mi">199</span>
</pre></div>
<p>現時点では <tt class="docutils literal">on_create</tt> 列は文字列になっているので、TimeStamp型に変換する。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">type</span> <span class="s1">'str'</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">utc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="nc">pandas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="s1">'></span>
</pre></div>
<p>Padasには <tt class="docutils literal">tz_convert</tt> なるものがあるのでこれを適用してみる。
が、エラーを食らってしまう。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tz_convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Asia/Tokyo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">valid</span> <span class="n">DatetimeIndex</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">PeriodIndex</span>
</pre></div>
<p>DataFrameの列（Series）に対して適用しても同じ。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tz_convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Asia/Tokyo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">valid</span> <span class="n">DatetimeIndex</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">PeriodIndex</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h2>どうすればいいか？</h2>
<p><tt class="docutils literal">tz_convert</tt> はindexに対して適用する手法らしい。
なので、以下のようにindexに変換してから適用する。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DatetimeIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'on_create'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>タイムゾーンが指定されていないのでUTCとして指定する。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tz_localize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'UTC'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>タイムゾーンをJSTに変換する。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tz_convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Asia/Tokyo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span>
<span class="n">on_create</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="n">on_create</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mo">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">168</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mo">03</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span class="mi">110</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">9</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">47</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">47</span> <span class="mi">36</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span> <span class="mi">113</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span> <span class="mi">17</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">36</span> <span class="mi">14</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mo">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span> <span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">23</span> <span class="mi">199</span>
</pre></div>
<p>もちろん以下のようにして一気に適用してもOK。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DatetimeIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'on_create'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tz_localize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'UTC'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tz_convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Asia/Tokyo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>indexのままでも使えるが、必要があれば元のデータをタイムゾーン変換済みデータで置き換え、indexを振り直す。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on_create</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">index</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset_index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">drop</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">data</span>
<span class="n">on_create</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">168</span>
<span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">110</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">9</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">47</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">36</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">113</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">29</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">17</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">14</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">37</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">2016</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="mi">199</span>
</pre></div>
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<h2>まとめ</h2>
<p>PandasのDataFrameでTimeStamp型を使うならindexにしとけ！</p>
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