feat: allow "R source package with Rust library binary" installation

[eitsupi]

Close #408

Allows us to download binaries from GitHub Releases and skip the cargo build step using the mechanism copied from prqlr.

Like this:

> Sys.setenv(NOT_CRAN="true")
> remotes::install_github("pola-rs/r-polars#450")
Downloading GitHub repo pola-rs/r-polars@bin-lib-install
Running `R CMD build`...
* checking for file ‘/tmp/Rtmpghk68j/remotes3e78001b4b/pola-rs-r-polars-9ece233/DESCRIPTION’ ... OK
* preparing ‘polars’:
* checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ... OK
* cleaning src
* running ‘cleanup’
* checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
* checking for empty or unneeded directories
* building ‘polars_0.8.1.9000.tar.gz’
Installing package into ‘/usr/local/lib/R/site-library’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
* installing *source* package ‘polars’ ...
** using staged installation

--------------- [ TRY TO DOWNLOAD PRE-BUILT BINARY ] ---------------
Found pre-built binary at <https://github.com/pola-rs/r-polars/releases/download/lib-v0.33.0/libr_polars-0.33.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz>.
Downloading...
Checking SHA256 for </tmp/RtmpcX8QCj/file17b333984b8.tar.gz>...
SHA256 matches for </tmp/RtmpcX8QCj/file17b333984b8.tar.gz>.
Extracted pre-built binary to </tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/tools> directory.
--------------------------------------------------------------------


---------------------- [LIBRARY BINARY FOUND] ----------------------
The library was found at </tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/tools/libr_polars.a>. No need to build it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------

** libs
using C compiler: ‘gcc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0’
rm -Rf polars.so /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/libr_polars.a entrypoint.o
gcc -I"/usr/local/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include    -fpic  -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g  -c entrypoint.c -o entrypoint.o
if [ -f "/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/../tools/libr_polars.a" ]; then \
        mkdir -p "/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release" ; \
        mv "/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/../tools/libr_polars.a" "/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/libr_polars.a" ; \
        exit 0; \
fi && \
if [ "true" != "true" ]; then \
        export CARGO_HOME=/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/.cargo; \
fi && \
export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/root/.cargo/bin" && \
if [ "" = "true" ]; then \
        cargo build --target= --lib --profile release --manifest-path="./rust/Cargo.toml" --features "full_features"; \
else \
        cargo build --target= --lib --profile release --manifest-path="./rust/Cargo.toml"; \
fi
if [ "true" != "true" ]; then \
        rm -Rf /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/.cargo && \
        rm -Rf /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/build; \
fi
if [ -f "/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/libr_polars.a" ]; then \
        echo "file is there: "; \
elif [ -f "./rust/target//release/libr_polars.a" ]; then \
        echo "file is './rust/target//release/libr_polars.a'"; \
        mkdir -p /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release ; \
        echo "trying to symlink in ./rust/target//release/libr_polars.a"; \
        ln -s ./rust/target//release/libr_polars.a /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/libr_polars.a ; \
fi
file is there:
if [ "" = "true" ]; then \
        echo "cleanup!!" ; \
        mv /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/libr_polars.a /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/../temp_binary.a; \
        rm -rf /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release; \
        mkdir /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release; \
        mv /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/../temp_binary.a /tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release/libr_polars.a; \
        rm -rf ./src/.cargo; \
else \
        echo "hands off!!" ; \
fi
hands off!!
gcc -shared -L/usr/local/lib/R/lib -L/usr/local/lib -o polars.so entrypoint.o -L/tmp/RtmpGSDwc8/R.INSTALLb33d8fe552/polars/src/rust/target//release -lr_polars -L/usr/local/lib/R/lib -lR
installing to /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/00LOCK-polars/00new/polars/libs
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
** checking absolute paths in shared objects and dynamic libraries
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (polars)

[etiennebacher]

I must admit I'm a bit lost on the changes in CI and in the procedure to build/install polars so it would be great to have a summary of the changes somewhere in the docs when all of this is done 😄 (it doesn't have to be in this PR though)

[eitsupi]

I must admit I'm a bit lost on the changes in CI and in the procedure to build/install polars so it would be great to have a summary of the changes somewhere in the docs when all of this is done 😄 (it doesn't have to be in this PR though)

Definitely. I was imagining something like DEVELOPMENT.md

[eitsupi]

After merging this, builds on R-universe should use the pre-built binaries and SIMD should be enabled even when installing from R-universe.
I would like to update the documentation after checking it.

[eitsupi]

This step detects R-universe and enable install with pre-built binary.

[etiennebacher]

I've no clue about this, so just merge whenever you think it's ready