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add_relative_targets.html
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add_relative_targets.html
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<meta property="og:description" content="Set targets as a proportion (between 0 and 1) of the maximum level of
representation of features in the study area. Please note that proportions
are scaled according to the features' total abundances in the study area
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cost data) using the feature_abundances() function." />
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<h1>Add relative targets</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/prioritizr/prioritizr/blob/master/R/add_relative_targets.R'><code>R/add_relative_targets.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>add_relative_targets.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Set targets as a proportion (between 0 and 1) of the maximum level of
representation of features in the study area. Please note that proportions
are scaled according to the features' total abundances in the study area
(including any locked out planning units, or planning units with <code>NA</code>
cost data) using the <code><a href='feature_abundances.html'>feature_abundances()</a></code> function.</p>
</div>
<div class="ref-usage sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, <span class='va'>targets</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># S4 method for ConservationProblem,numeric</span>
<span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, <span class='va'>targets</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># S4 method for ConservationProblem,matrix</span>
<span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, <span class='va'>targets</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># S4 method for ConservationProblem,character</span>
<span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, <span class='va'>targets</span><span class='op'>)</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="arguments"><a class="anchor" href="#arguments"></a>Arguments</h2>
<table class="ref-arguments">
<colgroup><col class="name" /><col class="desc" /></colgroup>
<tr>
<th>x</th>
<td><p><code><a href='problem.html'>problem()</a></code> (i.e. <code><a href='ConservationProblem-class.html'>ConservationProblem</a></code>) object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>targets</th>
<td><p>Object that specifies the targets for each feature.
See the Targets format section for more information.</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="value"><a class="anchor" href="#value"></a>Value</h2>
<p>Object (i.e. <code><a href='ConservationProblem-class.html'>ConservationProblem</a></code>) with the targets added
to it.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>Targets are used to specify the minimum amount or proportion of a
feature's distribution that needs to be protected. Most conservation
planning problems require targets with the exception of the maximum cover
(see <code><a href='add_max_cover_objective.html'>add_max_cover_objective()</a></code>) and maximum utility
(see <code><a href='add_max_utility_objective.html'>add_max_utility_objective()</a></code>) problems. Attempting to solve
problems with objectives that require targets without specifying targets
will throw an error.</p>
<p>For problems associated with multiple management zones, this function can
be used to set targets that each pertain to a single feature and a single
zone. To set targets which can be met through allocating different
planning units to multiple zones, see the <code><a href='add_manual_targets.html'>add_manual_targets()</a></code>
function. An example of a target that could be met through allocations
to multiple zones might be where each management zone is expected to
result in a different amount of a feature and the target requires that
the total amount of the feature in all zones must exceed a certain
threshold. In other words, the target does not require that any single
zone secure a specific amount of the feature, but the total amount held
in all zones must secure a specific amount. Thus the target could,
potentially, be met through allocating all planning units to any specific
management zone, or through allocating the planning units to different
combinations of management zones.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="targets-format"><a class="anchor" href="#targets-format"></a>Targets format</h2>
<p>The <code>targets</code> for a problem can be specified using the following formats.</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>targets</code> as a <code>numeric</code> vector</dt><dd><p>containing target values for each
feature.
Additionally, for convenience, this format can be a single
value to assign the same target to each feature. Note that this format
cannot be used to specify targets for problems with multiple zones.</p></dd>
<dt><code>targets</code> as a <code>matrix</code> object</dt><dd><p>containing a target for each feature
in each zone.
Here, each row corresponds to a different feature in argument to
<code>x</code>, each column corresponds to a different zone in argument to
<code>x</code>, and each cell contains the target value for a given feature
that the solution needs to secure in a given zone.</p></dd>
<dt><code>targets</code> as a <code>character</code> vector</dt><dd><p>containing the names of fields
(columns) in the feature data associated with the argument to <code>x</code> that
contain targets. This format can only be used when the
feature data associated with <code>x</code> is a <code>data.frame</code>.
This argument must contain a field (column) name for each zone.</p></dd>
</dl>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p>See <a href='targets.html'>targets</a> for an overview of all functions for adding targets.</p>
<p>Other targets:
<code><a href='add_absolute_targets.html'>add_absolute_targets</a>()</code>,
<code><a href='add_loglinear_targets.html'>add_loglinear_targets</a>()</code>,
<code><a href='add_manual_targets.html'>add_manual_targets</a>()</code></p></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<div class="ref-examples sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='r-in'><span class='co'># set seed for reproducibility</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/Random.html'>set.seed</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>500</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># load data</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/utils/data.html'>data</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_pu_raster</span>, <span class='va'>sim_features</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create base problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='problem.html'>problem</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_pu_raster</span>, <span class='va'>sim_features</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_min_set_objective.html'>add_min_set_objective</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_binary_decisions.html'>add_binary_decisions</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_default_solver.html'>add_default_solver</a></span><span class='op'>(</span>verbose <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with 10% targets</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p1</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>0.1</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with varying targets for each feature</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>targets</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>0.1</span>, <span class='fl'>0.2</span>, <span class='fl'>0.3</span>, <span class='fl'>0.4</span>, <span class='fl'>0.5</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p2</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>targets</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># \dontrun{</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># solve problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>s</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html'>stack</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p1</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p2</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solution</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s</span>, main <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"10% targets"</span>, <span class='st'>"varying targets"</span><span class='op'>)</span>, axes <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,</span>
<span class='r-in'> box <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='add_relative_targets-1.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># }</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create a problem with multiple management zones</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p3</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='problem.html'>problem</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_pu_zones_stack</span>, <span class='va'>sim_features_zones</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_min_set_objective.html'>add_min_set_objective</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_binary_decisions.html'>add_binary_decisions</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_default_solver.html'>add_default_solver</a></span><span class='op'>(</span>verbose <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create a problem with targets that specify an equal amount of each feature</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># to be represented in each zone</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p4_targets</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html'>matrix</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>0.1</span>, nrow <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fl'>5</span>, ncol <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fl'>3</span>,</span>
<span class='r-in'> dimnames <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html'>list</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='feature_names.html'>feature_names</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_features_zones</span><span class='op'>)</span>,</span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='zone_names.html'>zone_names</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_features_zones</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='print.html'>print</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p4_targets</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> zone_1 zone_2 zone_3</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_1 0.1 0.1 0.1</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_2 0.1 0.1 0.1</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_3 0.1 0.1 0.1</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_4 0.1 0.1 0.1</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_5 0.1 0.1 0.1</span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p4</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p3</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p4_targets</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># solve problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># \dontrun{</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># solve problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>s4</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p4</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solution (pixel values correspond to zone identifiers)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='category_layer.html'>category_layer</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s4</span><span class='op'>)</span>, main <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"equal targets"</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='add_relative_targets-2.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># }</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create a problem with targets that require a varying amount of each</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># feature to be represented in each zone</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p5_targets</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html'>matrix</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Uniform.html'>runif</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>15</span>, <span class='fl'>0.01</span>, <span class='fl'>0.2</span><span class='op'>)</span>, nrow <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fl'>5</span>, ncol <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fl'>3</span>,</span>
<span class='r-in'> dimnames <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html'>list</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='feature_names.html'>feature_names</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_features_zones</span><span class='op'>)</span>,</span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='zone_names.html'>zone_names</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_features_zones</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='print.html'>print</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p5_targets</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> zone_1 zone_2 zone_3</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_1 0.16838399 0.04908221 0.06359158</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_2 0.14775224 0.10731456 0.17964011</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_3 0.19530969 0.18583855 0.15529418</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_4 0.09884473 0.16747797 0.04122594</span>
<span class='r-out co'><span class='r-pr'>#></span> feature_5 0.16433284 0.14519964 0.14909414</span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p5</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p3</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'>add_relative_targets</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p4_targets</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># solve problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># \dontrun{</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># solve problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>s5</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p5</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solution (pixel values correspond to zone identifiers)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='category_layer.html'>category_layer</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s5</span><span class='op'>)</span>, main <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"varying targets"</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='add_relative_targets-3.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># }</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
</code></pre></div>
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