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add_absolute_targets.html
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add_absolute_targets.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Add absolute targets — add_absolute_targets • prioritizr</title><!-- favicons --><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="../apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="120x120" href="../apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="76x76" href="../apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="60x60" href="../apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"><!-- jquery --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootswatch/3.4.0/flatly/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- bootstrap-toc --><link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap-toc.css"><script src="../bootstrap-toc.js"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-mmgLkCYLUQbXn0B1SRqzHar6dCnv9oZFPEC1g1cwlkk=" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/v4-shims.min.css" integrity="sha256-wZjR52fzng1pJHwx4aV2AO3yyTOXrcDW7jBpJtTwVxw=" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- clipboard.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.6/clipboard.min.js" integrity="sha256-inc5kl9MA1hkeYUt+EC3BhlIgyp/2jDIyBLS6k3UxPI=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- headroom.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-AsUX4SJE1+yuDu5+mAVzJbuYNPHj/WroHuZ8Ir/CkE0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/jQuery.headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-ZX/yNShbjqsohH1k95liqY9Gd8uOiE1S4vZc+9KQ1K4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- docsearch --><script src="../docsearch.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/docsearch.js/2.6.3/docsearch.min.css" integrity="sha256-QOSRU/ra9ActyXkIBbiIB144aDBdtvXBcNc3OTNuX/Q=" crossorigin="anonymous"><link href="../docsearch.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mark.js/8.11.1/jquery.mark.min.js" integrity="sha256-4HLtjeVgH0eIB3aZ9mLYF6E8oU5chNdjU6p6rrXpl9U=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><link href="../extra.css" rel="stylesheet"><meta property="og:title" content="Add absolute targets — add_absolute_targets"><meta property="og:description" content="Set targets expressed as the actual value of features in the study area
that need to be represented in the prioritization. For instance,
setting a target of 10 requires that the solution secure a set of
planning units for which their summed feature values are equal to or greater
than 10."><meta property="og:image" content="https://prioritizr.net/logo.png"><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv8k=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML.js" integrity="sha256-84DKXVJXs0/F8OTMzX4UR909+jtl4G7SPypPavF+GfA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
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<h1>Add absolute targets</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/prioritizr/prioritizr/blob/HEAD/R/add_absolute_targets.R" class="external-link"><code>R/add_absolute_targets.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>add_absolute_targets.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Set targets expressed as the actual value of features in the study area
that need to be represented in the prioritization. For instance,
setting a target of 10 requires that the solution secure a set of
planning units for which their summed feature values are equal to or greater
than 10.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-usage">
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># S4 method for ConservationProblem,numeric</span></span>
<span><span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># S4 method for ConservationProblem,matrix</span></span>
<span><span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># S4 method for ConservationProblem,character</span></span>
<span><span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="arguments">
<h2>Arguments</h2>
<dl><dt>x</dt>
<dd><p><code><a href="problem.html">problem()</a></code> (i.e., <code><a href="ConservationProblem-class.html">ConservationProblem</a></code>) object.</p></dd>
<dt>targets</dt>
<dd><p>Object that specifies the targets for each feature.
See the Targets format section for more information.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div id="value">
<h2>Value</h2>
<p>Object (i.e., <code><a href="ConservationProblem-class.html">ConservationProblem</a></code>) with the targets added
to it.</p>
</div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>Targets are used to specify the minimum amount or proportion of a
feature's distribution that needs to be protected. Most conservation
planning problems require targets with the exception of the maximum cover
(see <code><a href="add_max_cover_objective.html">add_max_cover_objective()</a></code>) and maximum utility
(see <code><a href="add_max_utility_objective.html">add_max_utility_objective()</a></code>) problems. Attempting to solve
problems with objectives that require targets without specifying targets
will throw an error.</p>
<p>For problems associated with multiple management zones, this function can
be used to set targets that each pertain to a single feature and a single
zone. To set targets which can be met through allocating different
planning units to multiple zones, see the <code><a href="add_manual_targets.html">add_manual_targets()</a></code>
function. An example of a target that could be met through allocations
to multiple zones might be where each management zone is expected to
result in a different amount of a feature and the target requires that
the total amount of the feature in all zones must exceed a certain
threshold. In other words, the target does not require that any single
zone secure a specific amount of the feature, but the total amount held
in all zones must secure a specific amount. Thus the target could,
potentially, be met through allocating all planning units to any specific
management zone, or through allocating the planning units to different
combinations of management zones.</p>
</div>
<div id="targets-format">
<h2>Targets format</h2>
<p>The <code>targets</code> for a problem can be specified using the following formats.</p>
<dl><dt><code>targets</code> as a <code>numeric</code> vector</dt>
<dd><p>containing target values for each
feature.
Additionally, for convenience, this format can be a single
value to assign the same target to each feature. Note that this format
cannot be used to specify targets for problems with multiple zones.</p></dd>
<dt><code>targets</code> as a <code>matrix</code> object</dt>
<dd><p>containing a target for each feature
in each zone.
Here, each row corresponds to a different feature in argument to
<code>x</code>, each column corresponds to a different zone in argument to
<code>x</code>, and each cell contains the target value for a given feature
that the solution needs to secure in a given zone.</p></dd>
<dt><code>targets</code> as a <code>character</code> vector</dt>
<dd><p>containing the names of fields
(columns) in the feature data associated with the argument to <code>x</code> that
contain targets. This format can only be used when the
feature data associated with <code>x</code> is a <code>data.frame</code>.
This argument must contain a field (column) name for each zone.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p>See <a href="targets.html">targets</a> for an overview of all functions for adding targets.</p>
<p>Other targets:
<code><a href="add_loglinear_targets.html">add_loglinear_targets</a>()</code>,
<code><a href="add_manual_targets.html">add_manual_targets</a>()</code>,
<code><a href="add_relative_targets.html">add_relative_targets</a>()</code></p></div>
</div>
<div id="ref-examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># set seed for reproducibility</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Random.html" class="external-link">set.seed</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">500</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># load data</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/utils/data.html" class="external-link">data</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_pu_raster</span>, <span class="va">sim_features</span>, <span class="va">sim_pu_zones_stack</span>, <span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># create simple problem</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="problem.html">problem</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_pu_raster</span>, <span class="va">sim_features</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="add_min_set_objective.html">add_min_set_objective</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="add_binary_decisions.html">add_binary_decisions</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="add_default_solver.html">add_default_solver</a></span><span class="op">(</span>verbose <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># create problem with targets to secure 3 amounts for each feature</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p1</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="va">p</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span> <span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">3</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># create problem with varying targets for each feature</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">targets</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fl">2</span>, <span class="fl">3</span>, <span class="fl">2</span>, <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p2</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="va">p</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span> <span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \dontrun{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># solve problem</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">s</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html" class="external-link">stack</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="solve.html">solve</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p1</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="solve.html">solve</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p2</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># plot solution</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/plot.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">s</span>, main <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"equal targets"</span>, <span class="st">"varying targets"</span><span class="op">)</span>, axes <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> box <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-plt img"><img src="add_absolute_targets-1.png" alt="" width="700" height="433"></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># }</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># create a problem with multiple management zones</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p3</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="problem.html">problem</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_pu_zones_stack</span>, <span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="add_min_set_objective.html">add_min_set_objective</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="add_binary_decisions.html">add_binary_decisions</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="add_default_solver.html">add_default_solver</a></span><span class="op">(</span>verbose <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># create a problem with targets that specify an equal amount of each feature</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># to be represented in each zone</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p4_targets</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html" class="external-link">matrix</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">2</span>, nrow <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="number_of_features.html">number_of_features</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> ncol <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="number_of_zones.html">number_of_zones</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> dimnames <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html" class="external-link">list</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="feature_names.html">feature_names</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="zone_names.html">zone_names</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="print.html">print</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p4_targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> zone_1 zone_2 zone_3</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_1 2 2 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_2 2 2 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_3 2 2 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_4 2 2 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_5 2 2 2</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p4</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="va">p3</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span> <span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p4_targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># solve problem</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \dontrun{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># solve problem</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">s4</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="solve.html">solve</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p4</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># plot solution (pixel values correspond to zone identifiers)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/plot.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="category_layer.html">category_layer</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">s4</span><span class="op">)</span>, main <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"equal targets"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-plt img"><img src="add_absolute_targets-2.png" alt="" width="700" height="433"></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># }</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># create a problem with targets that require a varying amount of each</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># feature to be represented in each zone</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p5_targets</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html" class="external-link">matrix</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Poisson.html" class="external-link">rpois</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">15</span>, <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> nrow <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="number_of_features.html">number_of_features</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> ncol <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="number_of_zones.html">number_of_zones</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> dimnames <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html" class="external-link">list</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="feature_names.html">feature_names</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="zone_names.html">zone_names</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sim_features_zones</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="print.html">print</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p5_targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> zone_1 zone_2 zone_3</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_1 2 0 0</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_2 1 1 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_3 3 3 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_4 1 2 0</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> feature_5 2 1 1</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">p5</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="va">p3</span> <span class="op"><a href="pipe.html">%>%</a></span> <span class="fu">add_absolute_targets</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p4_targets</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># solve problem</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \dontrun{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># solve problem</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">s5</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="solve.html">solve</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">p5</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># plot solution (pixel values correspond to zone identifiers)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/plot.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="category_layer.html">category_layer</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">s5</span><span class="op">)</span>, main <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"varying targets"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-plt img"><img src="add_absolute_targets-3.png" alt="" width="700" height="433"></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># }</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
</code></pre></div>
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