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<meta property="og:description" content="Conservation planning exercises rarely have access to all the
data needed to identify the truly perfect solution. This is because
available data may lack important details
(e.g. land acquisition costs may be unavailable), contain errors
(e.g. species presence/absence data may have false positives),
or key objectives may not be formally incorporated into the
prioritization process (e.g. future land use requirements).
As such, conservation planners can help decision makers by providing
them with a portfolio of solutions to inform their decision." />
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<h1>Solution portfolios</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/prioritizr/prioritizr/blob/master/R/portfolios.R'><code>R/portfolios.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>portfolios.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Conservation planning exercises rarely have access to all the
data needed to identify the <em>truly</em> perfect solution. This is because
available data may lack important details
(e.g. land acquisition costs may be unavailable), contain errors
(e.g. species presence/absence data may have false positives),
or key objectives may not be formally incorporated into the
prioritization process (e.g. future land use requirements).
As such, conservation planners can help decision makers by providing
them with a portfolio of solutions to inform their decision.</p>
</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>The following portfolios can be added to a conservation planning
<code><a href='problem.html'>problem()</a></code>.
Note that all methods for generating portfolios return solutions that
are within the specified optimality gap.</p>
<dl>
<dt><code><a href='add_extra_portfolio.html'>add_extra_portfolio()</a></code></dt><dd><p>Generate a portfolio of solutions
by storing feasible solutions found during the optimization
process. This method is useful for quickly obtaining multiple solutions,
but does not provide any guarantees on the number of solutions, or
the quality of solutions.
Note that it requires the <em>Gurobi</em> solver.</p></dd>
<dt><code><a href='add_top_portfolio.html'>add_top_portfolio()</a></code></dt><dd><p>Generate a portfolio of
solutions by finding a pre-specified number of solutions that
are closest to optimality (i.e the top solutions). This is useful
for examining differences among near-optimal solutions.
It can also be used to generate multiple solutions and, in turn,
to calculate selection frequencies for small problems.
Note that it requires the <em>Gurobi</em> solver.</p></dd>
<dt><code><a href='add_gap_portfolio.html'>add_gap_portfolio()</a></code></dt><dd><p>Generate a portfolio of solutions
by finding a certain number of solutions that are all within a pre-
specified optimality gap. This method is useful for generating
multiple solutions that can be used to calculate selection frequencies
for moderate and large-sized problems (similar to <em>Marxan</em>).
Note that it requires the <em>Gurobi</em> solver.</p></dd>
<dt><code><a href='add_cuts_portfolio.html'>add_cuts_portfolio()</a></code></dt><dd><p>Generate a portfolio of distinct
solutions within a pre-specified optimality gap using Bender's cuts.
This is recommended as a replacement for <code><a href='add_top_portfolio.html'>add_top_portfolio()</a></code>
when the <em>Gurobi</em> software is not available.</p></dd>
<dt><code><a href='add_shuffle_portfolio.html'>add_shuffle_portfolio()</a></code></dt><dd><p>Generate a portfolio of
solutions by randomly reordering the data prior to attempting to solve
the problem.
This is recommended as a replacement for <code><a href='add_gap_portfolio.html'>add_gap_portfolio()</a></code>
when the <em>Gurobi</em> software is not available.</p></dd>
</dl>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p>Other overviews:
<code><a href='constraints.html'>constraints</a></code>,
<code><a href='decisions.html'>decisions</a></code>,
<code><a href='importance.html'>importance</a></code>,
<code><a href='objectives.html'>objectives</a></code>,
<code><a href='penalties.html'>penalties</a></code>,
<code><a href='solvers.html'>solvers</a></code>,
<code><a href='summaries.html'>summaries</a></code>,
<code><a href='targets.html'>targets</a></code></p></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<div class="ref-examples sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='r-in'><span class='co'># load data</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/utils/data.html'>data</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_pu_raster</span>, <span class='va'>sim_features</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='problem.html'>problem</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>sim_pu_raster</span>, <span class='va'>sim_features</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_min_set_objective.html'>add_min_set_objective</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_relative_targets.html'>add_relative_targets</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>0.1</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_binary_decisions.html'>add_binary_decisions</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span></span>
<span class='r-in'> <span class='fu'><a href='add_default_solver.html'>add_default_solver</a></span><span class='op'>(</span>gap <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fl'>0.02</span>, verbose <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with cuts portfolio with 4 solutions</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p1</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'><a href='add_cuts_portfolio.html'>add_cuts_portfolio</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>4</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with shuffle portfolio with 4 solutions</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p2</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'><a href='add_shuffle_portfolio.html'>add_shuffle_portfolio</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>4</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># \dontrun{</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with extra portfolio</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p3</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'><a href='add_extra_portfolio.html'>add_extra_portfolio</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with top portfolio with 4 solutions</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p4</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'><a href='add_top_portfolio.html'>add_top_portfolio</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>4</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># create problem with gap portfolio with 4 solutions within 50% of optimality</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>p5</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'><a href='pipe.html'>%>%</a></span> <span class='fu'><a href='add_gap_portfolio.html'>add_gap_portfolio</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>4</span>, <span class='fl'>0.5</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># solve problems and create solution portfolios</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='va'>s</span> <span class='op'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html'>list</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p1</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p2</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p3</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p4</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='solve.html'>solve</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>p5</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solutions from extra portfolio</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html'>stack</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s</span><span class='op'>[[</span><span class='fl'>1</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>)</span>, axes <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>, box <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='portfolios-1.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solutions from top portfolio</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html'>stack</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s</span><span class='op'>[[</span><span class='fl'>2</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>)</span>, axes <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>, box <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='portfolios-2.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solutions from gap portfolio</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html'>stack</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s</span><span class='op'>[[</span><span class='fl'>3</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>)</span>, axes <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>, box <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='portfolios-3.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solutions from cuts portfolio</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html'>stack</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s</span><span class='op'>[[</span><span class='fl'>4</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>)</span>, axes <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>, box <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='portfolios-4.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># plot solutions from shuffle portfolio</span></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/pkg/raster/man/stack.html'>stack</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>s</span><span class='op'>[[</span><span class='fl'>5</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>)</span>, axes <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>, box <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></span>
<span class='r-plt'><img src='portfolios-5.png' alt='' width='700' height='433' /></span>
<span class='r-in'></span>
<span class='r-in'><span class='co'># }</span></span>
</code></pre></div>
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