consul.go

// Copyright 2015 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package consul

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-kit/log"
	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
	consul "github.com/hashicorp/consul/api"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"

	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/strutil"
)

const (
	watchTimeout  = 2 * time.Minute
	retryInterval = 15 * time.Second

	// addressLabel is the name for the label containing a target's address.
	addressLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_address"
	// nodeLabel is the name for the label containing a target's node name.
	nodeLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_node"
	// metaDataLabel is the prefix for the labels mapping to a target's metadata.
	metaDataLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_metadata_"
	// serviceMetaDataLabel is the prefix for the labels mapping to a target's service metadata.
	serviceMetaDataLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_service_metadata_"
	// tagsLabel is the name of the label containing the tags assigned to the target.
	tagsLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_tags"
	// serviceLabel is the name of the label containing the service name.
	serviceLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_service"
	// healthLabel is the name of the label containing the health of the service instance
	healthLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_health"
	// serviceAddressLabel is the name of the label containing the (optional) service address.
	serviceAddressLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_service_address"
	// servicePortLabel is the name of the label containing the service port.
	servicePortLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_service_port"
	// datacenterLabel is the name of the label containing the datacenter ID.
	datacenterLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_dc"
	// namespaceLabel is the name of the label containing the namespace (Consul Enterprise only).
	namespaceLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_namespace"
	// partitionLabel is the name of the label containing the Admin Partition (Consul Enterprise only).
	partitionLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_partition"
	// taggedAddressesLabel is the prefix for the labels mapping to a target's tagged addresses.
	taggedAddressesLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_tagged_address_"
	// serviceIDLabel is the name of the label containing the service ID.
	serviceIDLabel = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "consul_service_id"

	// Constants for instrumentation.
	namespace = "prometheus"
)

var (
	rpcFailuresCount = prometheus.NewCounter(
		prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Name:      "sd_consul_rpc_failures_total",
			Help:      "The number of Consul RPC call failures.",
		})
	rpcDuration = prometheus.NewSummaryVec(
		prometheus.SummaryOpts{
			Namespace:  namespace,
			Name:       "sd_consul_rpc_duration_seconds",
			Help:       "The duration of a Consul RPC call in seconds.",
			Objectives: map[float64]float64{0.5: 0.05, 0.9: 0.01, 0.99: 0.001},
		},
		[]string{"endpoint", "call"},
	)

	// Initialize metric vectors.
	servicesRPCDuration = rpcDuration.WithLabelValues("catalog", "services")
	serviceRPCDuration  = rpcDuration.WithLabelValues("catalog", "service")

	// DefaultSDConfig is the default Consul SD configuration.
	DefaultSDConfig = SDConfig{
		TagSeparator:     ",",
		Scheme:           "http",
		Server:           "localhost:8500",
		AllowStale:       true,
		RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(30 * time.Second),
		HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
	}
)

func init() {
	discovery.RegisterConfig(&SDConfig{})
	prometheus.MustRegister(rpcFailuresCount, rpcDuration)
}

// SDConfig is the configuration for Consul service discovery.
type SDConfig struct {
	Server       string        `yaml:"server,omitempty"`
	Token        config.Secret `yaml:"token,omitempty"`
	Datacenter   string        `yaml:"datacenter,omitempty"`
	Namespace    string        `yaml:"namespace,omitempty"`
	Partition    string        `yaml:"partition,omitempty"`
	TagSeparator string        `yaml:"tag_separator,omitempty"`
	Scheme       string        `yaml:"scheme,omitempty"`
	Username     string        `yaml:"username,omitempty"`
	Password     config.Secret `yaml:"password,omitempty"`

	// See https://www.consul.io/docs/internals/consensus.html#consistency-modes,
	// stale reads are a lot cheaper and are a necessity if you have >5k targets.
	AllowStale bool `yaml:"allow_stale"`
	// By default use blocking queries (https://www.consul.io/api/index.html#blocking-queries)
	// but allow users to throttle updates if necessary. This can be useful because of "bugs" like
	// https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/issues/3712 which cause an un-necessary
	// amount of requests on consul.
	RefreshInterval model.Duration `yaml:"refresh_interval,omitempty"`

	// See https://www.consul.io/api/catalog.html#list-services
	// The list of services for which targets are discovered.
	// Defaults to all services if empty.
	Services []string `yaml:"services,omitempty"`
	// A list of tags used to filter instances inside a service. Services must contain all tags in the list.
	ServiceTags []string `yaml:"tags,omitempty"`
	// Desired node metadata.
	NodeMeta map[string]string `yaml:"node_meta,omitempty"`

	HTTPClientConfig config.HTTPClientConfig `yaml:",inline"`
}

// Name returns the name of the Config.
func (*SDConfig) Name() string { return "consul" }

// NewDiscoverer returns a Discoverer for the Config.
func (c *SDConfig) NewDiscoverer(opts discovery.DiscovererOptions) (discovery.Discoverer, error) {
	return NewDiscovery(c, opts.Logger)
}

// SetDirectory joins any relative file paths with dir.
func (c *SDConfig) SetDirectory(dir string) {
	c.HTTPClientConfig.SetDirectory(dir)
}

// UnmarshalYAML implements the yaml.Unmarshaler interface.
func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
	*c = DefaultSDConfig
	type plain SDConfig
	err := unmarshal((*plain)(c))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if strings.TrimSpace(c.Server) == "" {
		return errors.New("consul SD configuration requires a server address")
	}
	if c.Username != "" || c.Password != "" {
		if c.HTTPClientConfig.BasicAuth != nil {
			return errors.New("at most one of consul SD configuration username and password and basic auth can be configured")
		}
		c.HTTPClientConfig.BasicAuth = &config.BasicAuth{
			Username: c.Username,
			Password: c.Password,
		}
	}
	if c.Token != "" && (c.HTTPClientConfig.Authorization != nil || c.HTTPClientConfig.OAuth2 != nil) {
		return errors.New("at most one of consul SD token, authorization, or oauth2 can be configured")
	}
	return c.HTTPClientConfig.Validate()
}

// Discovery retrieves target information from a Consul server
// and updates them via watches.
type Discovery struct {
	client           *consul.Client
	clientDatacenter string
	clientNamespace  string
	clientPartition  string
	tagSeparator     string
	watchedServices  []string // Set of services which will be discovered.
	watchedTags      []string // Tags used to filter instances of a service.
	watchedNodeMeta  map[string]string
	allowStale       bool
	refreshInterval  time.Duration
	finalizer        func()
	logger           log.Logger
}

// NewDiscovery returns a new Discovery for the given config.
func NewDiscovery(conf *SDConfig, logger log.Logger) (*Discovery, error) {
	if logger == nil {
		logger = log.NewNopLogger()
	}

	wrapper, err := config.NewClientFromConfig(conf.HTTPClientConfig, "consul_sd", config.WithIdleConnTimeout(2*watchTimeout))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	wrapper.Timeout = watchTimeout + 15*time.Second

	clientConf := &consul.Config{
		Address:    conf.Server,
		Scheme:     conf.Scheme,
		Datacenter: conf.Datacenter,
		Namespace:  conf.Namespace,
		Partition:  conf.Partition,
		Token:      string(conf.Token),
		HttpClient: wrapper,
	}
	client, err := consul.NewClient(clientConf)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	cd := &Discovery{
		client:           client,
		tagSeparator:     conf.TagSeparator,
		watchedServices:  conf.Services,
		watchedTags:      conf.ServiceTags,
		watchedNodeMeta:  conf.NodeMeta,
		allowStale:       conf.AllowStale,
		refreshInterval:  time.Duration(conf.RefreshInterval),
		clientDatacenter: conf.Datacenter,
		clientNamespace:  conf.Namespace,
		clientPartition:  conf.Partition,
		finalizer:        wrapper.CloseIdleConnections,
		logger:           logger,
	}
	return cd, nil
}

// shouldWatch returns whether the service of the given name should be watched.
func (d *Discovery) shouldWatch(name string, tags []string) bool {
	return d.shouldWatchFromName(name) && d.shouldWatchFromTags(tags)
}

// shouldWatch returns whether the service of the given name should be watched based on its name.
func (d *Discovery) shouldWatchFromName(name string) bool {
	// If there's no fixed set of watched services, we watch everything.
	if len(d.watchedServices) == 0 {
		return true
	}

	for _, sn := range d.watchedServices {
		if sn == name {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// shouldWatch returns whether the service of the given name should be watched based on its tags.
// This gets called when the user doesn't specify a list of services in order to avoid watching
// *all* services. Details in https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/3814
func (d *Discovery) shouldWatchFromTags(tags []string) bool {
	// If there's no fixed set of watched tags, we watch everything.
	if len(d.watchedTags) == 0 {
		return true
	}

tagOuter:
	for _, wtag := range d.watchedTags {
		for _, tag := range tags {
			if wtag == tag {
				continue tagOuter
			}
		}
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// Get the local datacenter if not specified.
func (d *Discovery) getDatacenter() error {
	// If the datacenter was not set from clientConf, let's get it from the local Consul agent
	// (Consul default is to use local node's datacenter if one isn't given for a query).
	if d.clientDatacenter != "" {
		return nil
	}

	info, err := d.client.Agent().Self()
	if err != nil {
		level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Error retrieving datacenter name", "err", err)
		rpcFailuresCount.Inc()
		return err
	}

	dc, ok := info["Config"]["Datacenter"].(string)
	if !ok {
		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid value '%v' for Config.Datacenter", info["Config"]["Datacenter"])
		level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Error retrieving datacenter name", "err", err)
		return err
	}

	d.clientDatacenter = dc
	d.logger = log.With(d.logger, "datacenter", dc)
	return nil
}

// Initialize the Discoverer run.
func (d *Discovery) initialize(ctx context.Context) {
	// Loop until we manage to get the local datacenter.
	for {
		// We have to check the context at least once. The checks during channel sends
		// do not guarantee that.
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		default:
		}

		// Get the local datacenter first, if necessary.
		err := d.getDatacenter()
		if err != nil {
			time.Sleep(retryInterval)
			continue
		}
		// We are good to go.
		return
	}
}

// Run implements the Discoverer interface.
func (d *Discovery) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
	if d.finalizer != nil {
		defer d.finalizer()
	}
	d.initialize(ctx)

	if len(d.watchedServices) == 0 || len(d.watchedTags) != 0 {
		// We need to watch the catalog.
		ticker := time.NewTicker(d.refreshInterval)

		// Watched services and their cancellation functions.
		services := make(map[string]func())
		var lastIndex uint64

		for {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				ticker.Stop()
				return
			default:
				d.watchServices(ctx, ch, &lastIndex, services)
				<-ticker.C
			}
		}
	} else {
		// We only have fully defined services.
		for _, name := range d.watchedServices {
			d.watchService(ctx, ch, name)
		}
		<-ctx.Done()
	}
}

// Watch the catalog for new services we would like to watch. This is called only
// when we don't know yet the names of the services and need to ask Consul the
// entire list of services.
func (d *Discovery) watchServices(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group, lastIndex *uint64, services map[string]func()) {
	catalog := d.client.Catalog()
	level.Debug(d.logger).Log("msg", "Watching services", "tags", strings.Join(d.watchedTags, ","))

	opts := &consul.QueryOptions{
		WaitIndex:  *lastIndex,
		WaitTime:   watchTimeout,
		AllowStale: d.allowStale,
		NodeMeta:   d.watchedNodeMeta,
	}
	t0 := time.Now()
	srvs, meta, err := catalog.Services(opts.WithContext(ctx))
	elapsed := time.Since(t0)
	servicesRPCDuration.Observe(elapsed.Seconds())

	// Check the context before in order to exit early.
	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return
	default:
	}

	if err != nil {
		level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Error refreshing service list", "err", err)
		rpcFailuresCount.Inc()
		time.Sleep(retryInterval)
		return
	}
	// If the index equals the previous one, the watch timed out with no update.
	if meta.LastIndex == *lastIndex {
		return
	}
	*lastIndex = meta.LastIndex

	// Check for new services.
	for name := range srvs {
		// catalog.Service() returns a map of service name to tags, we can use that to watch
		// only the services that have the tag we are looking for (if specified).
		// In the future consul will also support server side for service metadata.
		// https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/issues/1107
		if !d.shouldWatch(name, srvs[name]) {
			continue
		}
		if _, ok := services[name]; ok {
			continue // We are already watching the service.
		}

		wctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
		d.watchService(wctx, ch, name)
		services[name] = cancel
	}

	// Check for removed services.
	for name, cancel := range services {
		if _, ok := srvs[name]; !ok {
			// Call the watch cancellation function.
			cancel()
			delete(services, name)

			// Send clearing target group.
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			case ch <- []*targetgroup.Group{{Source: name}}:
			}
		}
	}

	// Send targetgroup with no targets if nothing was discovered.
	if len(services) == 0 {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		case ch <- []*targetgroup.Group{{}}:
		}
	}
}

// consulService contains data belonging to the same service.
type consulService struct {
	name         string
	tags         []string
	labels       model.LabelSet
	discovery    *Discovery
	client       *consul.Client
	tagSeparator string
	logger       log.Logger
}

// Start watching a service.
func (d *Discovery) watchService(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group, name string) {
	srv := &consulService{
		discovery: d,
		client:    d.client,
		name:      name,
		tags:      d.watchedTags,
		labels: model.LabelSet{
			serviceLabel:    model.LabelValue(name),
			datacenterLabel: model.LabelValue(d.clientDatacenter),
		},
		tagSeparator: d.tagSeparator,
		logger:       d.logger,
	}

	go func() {
		ticker := time.NewTicker(d.refreshInterval)
		defer ticker.Stop()
		var lastIndex uint64
		health := srv.client.Health()
		for {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			default:
				srv.watch(ctx, ch, health, &lastIndex)
				select {
				case <-ticker.C:
				case <-ctx.Done():
					return
				}
			}
		}
	}()
}

// Get updates for a service.
func (srv *consulService) watch(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group, health *consul.Health, lastIndex *uint64) {
	level.Debug(srv.logger).Log("msg", "Watching service", "service", srv.name, "tags", strings.Join(srv.tags, ","))

	opts := &consul.QueryOptions{
		WaitIndex:  *lastIndex,
		WaitTime:   watchTimeout,
		AllowStale: srv.discovery.allowStale,
		NodeMeta:   srv.discovery.watchedNodeMeta,
	}

	t0 := time.Now()
	serviceNodes, meta, err := health.ServiceMultipleTags(srv.name, srv.tags, false, opts.WithContext(ctx))
	elapsed := time.Since(t0)
	serviceRPCDuration.Observe(elapsed.Seconds())

	// Check the context before in order to exit early.
	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return
	default:
		// Continue.
	}

	if err != nil {
		level.Error(srv.logger).Log("msg", "Error refreshing service", "service", srv.name, "tags", strings.Join(srv.tags, ","), "err", err)
		rpcFailuresCount.Inc()
		time.Sleep(retryInterval)
		return
	}
	// If the index equals the previous one, the watch timed out with no update.
	if meta.LastIndex == *lastIndex {
		return
	}
	*lastIndex = meta.LastIndex

	tgroup := targetgroup.Group{
		Source:  srv.name,
		Labels:  srv.labels,
		Targets: make([]model.LabelSet, 0, len(serviceNodes)),
	}

	for _, serviceNode := range serviceNodes {
		// We surround the separated list with the separator as well. This way regular expressions
		// in relabeling rules don't have to consider tag positions.
		tags := srv.tagSeparator + strings.Join(serviceNode.Service.Tags, srv.tagSeparator) + srv.tagSeparator

		// If the service address is not empty it should be used instead of the node address
		// since the service may be registered remotely through a different node.
		var addr string
		if serviceNode.Service.Address != "" {
			addr = net.JoinHostPort(serviceNode.Service.Address, fmt.Sprintf("%d", serviceNode.Service.Port))
		} else {
			addr = net.JoinHostPort(serviceNode.Node.Address, fmt.Sprintf("%d", serviceNode.Service.Port))
		}

		labels := model.LabelSet{
			model.AddressLabel:  model.LabelValue(addr),
			addressLabel:        model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Node.Address),
			nodeLabel:           model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Node.Node),
			namespaceLabel:      model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Service.Namespace),
			partitionLabel:      model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Service.Partition),
			tagsLabel:           model.LabelValue(tags),
			serviceAddressLabel: model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Service.Address),
			servicePortLabel:    model.LabelValue(strconv.Itoa(serviceNode.Service.Port)),
			serviceIDLabel:      model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Service.ID),
			healthLabel:         model.LabelValue(serviceNode.Checks.AggregatedStatus()),
		}

		// Add all key/value pairs from the node's metadata as their own labels.
		for k, v := range serviceNode.Node.Meta {
			name := strutil.SanitizeLabelName(k)
			labels[metaDataLabel+model.LabelName(name)] = model.LabelValue(v)
		}

		// Add all key/value pairs from the service's metadata as their own labels.
		for k, v := range serviceNode.Service.Meta {
			name := strutil.SanitizeLabelName(k)
			labels[serviceMetaDataLabel+model.LabelName(name)] = model.LabelValue(v)
		}

		// Add all key/value pairs from the service's tagged addresses as their own labels.
		for k, v := range serviceNode.Node.TaggedAddresses {
			name := strutil.SanitizeLabelName(k)
			labels[taggedAddressesLabel+model.LabelName(name)] = model.LabelValue(v)
		}

		tgroup.Targets = append(tgroup.Targets, labels)
	}

	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
	case ch <- []*targetgroup.Group{&tgroup}:
	}
}